Stawiski: Difference between revisions
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==History== |
==History== |
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Stawiski was established in |
Stawiski was established in 1407–1411. It received city rights around 1688. The [[Franciscan Order]] built a [[monastery]] there in 1791. The monks were expelled from Stawiski in 1867 during the [[Partitions of Poland|Partitions]], as punishment for supporting the Polish [[January Uprising]] against the Russian imperial rule. The town was destroyed by fire in 1812 in the course of the French [[French invasion of Russia|campaign against Russia]], and rebuilt again, to become trades and commercial centre known for its furs, fabrics and hats in [[Congress Poland]]. Stawiski was burned to the ground once more during the Russian–Prussian war of 1915, soon before the re-establishment of the sovereign [[Second Polish Republic|Republic of Poland]]. The [[Polish army]] fought a battle with the [[Bolsheviks]] there in July 1920 during the [[Polish-Soviet War]].<ref name="stawiski">[http://www.stawiski.pl/ Oficjalna strona miasta Stawiski.] {{pl icon}}</ref> By 1932, over 50% of the local population was [[History of the Jews in Poland|Jewish]], numbering approximately 2,000.<ref name="stawiski.pl">[http://www.stawiski.pl/archiwum/index.php?k=91 "Historia i dzieje Stawisk," 2003, Urząd Miejski w Stawiskach] {{pl icon}}</ref> |
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Upon the [[Soviet invasion of Poland|Soviet invasion of eastern Poland]] in 1939, the administration |
Upon the [[Soviet invasion of Poland|Soviet invasion of eastern Poland]] in 1939, the local administration was abolished by the [[NKWD]] and replaced with Jewish communists who declared Soviet allegiance. Ethnic Polish families were being rounded up by newly formed Jewish militia,<ref name="webcache" /> and deported to [[Siberia]]. Some Poles went into prolonged hiding from the enemy. The Soviet terror lingered until the 1941 [[Operation Barbarossa]],<ref name="webcache">Alexander B. Rossino, [http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:YJ-a5A3GSA8J:pogranicze.sejny.pl/archiwum/jedwabne/angielskie/rossino.html+%22Alexander+B.+Rossino%22+%22Contextualizing+Anti-Jewish+Violence+in+the+Bia%C5%82ystok+District%22&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=ca&source=www.google.ca Polish "Neighbors" and German Invaders: Contextualizing Anti-Jewish Violence in the Białystok District during the Opening Weeks of Operation Barbarossa,] Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry, Volume 16 (2003). Google cache. ''See citation #58:'' Yitzhak Arad, The Partisan: From the Valley of Death to Mount Zion (New York: Holocaust Library, 1979), pp. 26f.</ref> when the NKWD collaborators fled along with the [[Red Army]]. Some Poles who emerged from the forest, including those released from NKWD prisons,<ref name="webcache" /> engaged in acts of revenge killing (approximately 6 suspects, around July 5–7).<ref name="Shared history">Simon-Dubnow, from Institut für Jüdische Geschichte und Kultur; in Elazar Barkan, Elizabeth A. Cole, Kai Struve [http://books.google.ca/books?id=_BbvQbiaqAEC&pg=PA347&dq=%22Motive+of+Revenge+for+Collaboration+with+the+Soviets%22&hl=en&ei=lEBtTeeHFJTAgQexvL2cBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22Motive%20of%20Revenge%20for%20Collaboration%20with%20the%20Soviets%22&f=false ''Shared history, divided memory: Jews and others in Soviet-occupied Poland, 1939-1941''.] Leipziger Universitätsverlag, 2007, 390 pages. ISBN 3865832407, pp 335 - 344 - 347. </ref> In the same month, a German [[Einsatzkommando]] arriving in Stawiski, massacred 700 local Jews in nearby Płaszczatka Forest.<ref name="asura">[http://www.graceproducts.com/fmnc/asura.htm "Children of the Holocaust,"] ''In Search of the Heroes'', Grace, Richardson, TX</ref> Their execution place is marked by a memorial stone.<ref name="irtualtourist">[http://www.virtualtourist.com/travel/Europe/Poland/Stawiski-472728/TravelGuide-Stawiski.html Stawiski Travel Guide. Memorial to the 700 murdered by Nazis July 1941 (with photograph).]</ref> The [[Nazi]]s created a Jewish ghetto in Stawiski, then transferred all its occupants to a much larger [[Łomża Ghetto|Ghetto in Łomża]] annihilated in November 1942.<ref name="V-S">[http://www.sztetl.org.pl/?a=showCity&action=view&cat_id=5&city_id=750&lang=en_GB "Jewish community before 1989: Łomża – History,"] 2010, [[Virtual Shtetl]]; [[Museum of the History of the Polish Jews]] (Muzeum Historii Żydów Polskich), [[Warsaw]]</ref> |
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==Notable persons== |
==Notable persons== |
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Revision as of 16:55, 3 March 2011
Stawiski | |
|---|---|
 Stawiski panorama with the view of Church at the Main Square | |
 Coat of arms | |
| Country |  Poland |
| Voivodeship | Podlaskie |
| County | Kolno |
| Gmina | Stawiski |
| Area | |
• Total | 13.28 km2 (5.13 sq mi) |
| Population (2006) | |
• Total | 2,442 |
| • Density | 180/km2 (480/sq mi) |
| Postal code | 18-520 |
| Website | http://www.stawiski.pl |
Stawiski [staˈviski] is a town in north-eastern Poland, situated within Kolno County, in Podlaskie Voivodeship, approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) east of Kolno and 74 km (46 mi) west of the regional capital Białystok. Stawiski is the administrative seat of Gmina Stawiski. From 1946 to 1975 it belonged administratively to Białystok Voivodeship, and from 1975 to 1998 to Łomża Voivodeship. The town is situated on the Dzierzbia River.
According to Central Statistical Office (Poland), the population of Stawiski as of 31 December 2008 was 2,417 persons.[1]
History
Stawiski was established in 1407–1411. It received city rights around 1688. The Franciscan Order built a monastery there in 1791. The monks were expelled from Stawiski in 1867 during the Partitions, as punishment for supporting the Polish January Uprising against the Russian imperial rule. The town was destroyed by fire in 1812 in the course of the French campaign against Russia, and rebuilt again, to become trades and commercial centre known for its furs, fabrics and hats in Congress Poland. Stawiski was burned to the ground once more during the Russian–Prussian war of 1915, soon before the re-establishment of the sovereign Republic of Poland. The Polish army fought a battle with the Bolsheviks there in July 1920 during the Polish-Soviet War.[2] By 1932, over 50% of the local population was Jewish, numbering approximately 2,000.[3]
Upon the Soviet invasion of eastern Poland in 1939, the local administration was abolished by the NKWD and replaced with Jewish communists who declared Soviet allegiance. Ethnic Polish families were being rounded up by newly formed Jewish militia,[4] and deported to Siberia. Some Poles went into prolonged hiding from the enemy. The Soviet terror lingered until the 1941 Operation Barbarossa,[4] when the NKWD collaborators fled along with the Red Army. Some Poles who emerged from the forest, including those released from NKWD prisons,[4] engaged in acts of revenge killing (approximately 6 suspects, around July 5–7).[5] In the same month, a German Einsatzkommando arriving in Stawiski, massacred 700 local Jews in nearby Płaszczatka Forest.[6] Their execution place is marked by a memorial stone.[7] The Nazis created a Jewish ghetto in Stawiski, then transferred all its occupants to a much larger Ghetto in Łomża annihilated in November 1942.[8]
Notable persons
Stawiski is the hometown of the famous chess player Akiba Rubinstein. In the main square, there is a monument to Stanisław Steczkowski Zagończyk, who, together with his four brothers, fought in the underground Polish Home Army in 1942–1945.[2]
Notes and references
- ^ GUS (2009-06-02), Ludność. Stan i struktura w przekroju terytorialnym. Stan w dniu 31 grudnia 2008 r. (PDF) Template:Pl icon
- ^ a b Oficjalna strona miasta Stawiski. Template:Pl icon
- ^ "Historia i dzieje Stawisk," 2003, Urząd Miejski w Stawiskach Template:Pl icon
- ^ a b c Alexander B. Rossino, Polish "Neighbors" and German Invaders: Contextualizing Anti-Jewish Violence in the Białystok District during the Opening Weeks of Operation Barbarossa, Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry, Volume 16 (2003). Google cache. See citation #58: Yitzhak Arad, The Partisan: From the Valley of Death to Mount Zion (New York: Holocaust Library, 1979), pp. 26f.
- ^ "Children of the Holocaust," In Search of the Heroes, Grace, Richardson, TX
- ^ Stawiski Travel Guide. Memorial to the 700 murdered by Nazis July 1941 (with photograph).
- ^ "Jewish community before 1989: Łomża – History," 2010, Virtual Shtetl; Museum of the History of the Polish Jews (Muzeum Historii Żydów Polskich), Warsaw
Media related to Stawiski at Wikimedia Commons
53°23′N 22°10′E / 53.383°N 22.167°E
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