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|leader4_type = Vice-Chairman of Executive Council
|leader4_type = Vice-Chairman of Executive Council
|leader4 = [[Cemil Bayık|Cemil Bayık]]PKK terrorist organization leader
|leader4 = [[Cemil Bayık|Cemil Bayık]]PKK terrorist organization leader
|election1 =
|members =
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|last_election1 =
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'''Koma Civakên Kurdistan (KCK)''' (''Union of Communities in Kurdistan'') is a [[Kurdish people|Kurdish]] [[organization]] founded by [[Abdullah Öcalan]]<ref name = "declaration">[[Abdullah Öcalan|Öcalan, Abdullah]],[http://www.freemedialibrary.com/index.php/Declaration_of_Democratic_Confederalism_in_Kurdistan Declaration of Democratic Confederalism in Kurdistan], 20-03-2005, (English)</ref> as formerly named '''Koma Komalên Kurdistan (KKK)''' (''Peoples' Confederation of Kurdistan'') to put in practice his [[ideology]] of democratic confederalism. It is the intend to terrorist organization [[Kurdish people]].


[[Abdullah Öcalan]] is the group's honorary leader ( PKK terrorist organization leader) , however due to his imprisonment the organisation is led by an Assembly called the Kongra-Gel, which serves as the group's legislature. The President of the Kongra-Gel is [[Zübeyir Aydar]]. The Assembly elects a 31-man Executive Council, the Chairman of this Executive Council is [[Murat Karayılan]]. [[Cemil Bayık]] is said to be the Executive Council's Vice-President.<ref>[http://azady.nl/?p=4405]</ref><ref>[http://www.kurdishaspect.com/doc042910ZA.html ]</ref><ref>[http://www.todayszaman.com/newsDetail_getNewsById.action;jsessionid=E6F2FF01111B4E530468FAE2C7EA880B?load=detay&link=213628&newsId=213559]</ref>
[[Abdullah Öcalan]] is the group's honorary leader ( PKK terrorist organization leader)

== Structure ==
The KCK exists of several [[Council communism|councils]] and other organizations of the Kurdish society. It is designed in a [[Top-down and bottom-up design|bottom-up]] structure.<ref name="karayilan">Nihat Kaya, Şevin Bingöl, Nalin Penaber, Sinan Cudi, Baki Gül,[http://www.gundem-online.net/haber.asp?haberid=20974 PKK'den KKK'ya yeni bir sistem -3-], [http://www.gundem-online.net Özgür Gündem], 08/10/2006, (Turkish)</ref>
Single parts are the youth council, women's council and councils of the four territorial entities of [[Kurdish People|Kurdish]] people ([[Turkey]], [[Iraq]], [[Iran]], [[Syria]]) and one of the [[Europe]]an [[diaspora]], also participating [[Political party|political parties]] like [[PKK]], [[PJAK]] and '''PYD''', [[Non-governmental organization|non-governmental organizations (NGO)]] and [[Armed forces|armed]] organizations like '''[[PKK|Hêzên Parastina Gel]]''' (HPG).

A [[parliament|parliament-like]] structure of the KCK is called '''Kongra Gel''', formerly part of [[Kurdistan Workers' Party|Kurdistan Workers' Party's (PKK)]] structure. Now it consists of 300 [[elections|elected]] persons from the councils.<ref name="karayilan" /> The KCK is an alternative to the State. It undertakes all the responsibilities of a State. It establishes courts to solve disputes. It provides schooling. It imposes punishments on those who fail to comply with its rules.<ref>Columnist Mümtazer Türköne in [http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/columnists-225126-what-sort-of-organization-is-the-kck.html Today's Zaman of 23 October 2010]: accessed on 24 October 2010</ref>

Some commentators see KCK as the modernized version of PKK’s armed structuring in the 1990s. It carries the fear that PKK spreads from mountains to the universities, hospitals, municipalities, and streets. Ihsan Bal, Head of Security Studies, affirm that they can question the mayor, tell tradesman to take down the shutters when the prime minister visits, scare them and organize everything in the region.<ref>Ihsan Bal, Head of Security Studies in Usak in the [http://www.turkishweekly.net/columnist/3260/the-democratic-initiative-knocked-over-the-kck.html Turkish Weekly of 27 December 2009]; accessed on 24 October 2010</ref>

== Ideology ==
Its [[ideology]] consists of principles from [[social ecology]] and is called democratic confederalism. Main intend is to create a [[Democracy]] and [[Ecology|ecologic]] [[society]] instead of [[Nation state|nation-state]] or [[Top-down and bottom-up design|top-down]] government to bring [[peace]] to the [[war]]-beaten [[Middle East]] region with its lots of different [[ethnic group]]s and [[religion]]s. The aim is a "union of [[Equity theory|equity]] an [[free will]]".<ref name="karayilan" />

== History ==
In March 2005 [[Abdullah Öcalan]] gave his ''Declaration of Democratic Confederalism in [[Kurdistan]]''<ref name = "declaration" /> to his lawyers. During the 3rd General Assembly of Kongra-Gel between 4 and 21 May 2005 ''Koma Komalên Kurdistán (KKK)'' was formed together with the Turkey Coordination. During the General Assembly between 17 and 22 April 2006 Turkey Coordination was renamed to Turkey Parliament (''Türkiye Meclisi'' TM).<ref name=iddia>These and other details can be found in an indictment to Diyarbakir Heavy Penal Court dated 25 May 2009. The Turkish version can be found on a page of [http://www.scribd.com/doc/16223666/KCK-ddianamesinin-tam-metni scripd.com]; accessed on 24 October 2010. A German translation of parts of it can be found at http://ob.nubati.net/wiki/Anklageschrift_gegen_die_KCK</ref>

During a congress in May 2007 the contract, seen as the Constitution of KCK was passed.<ref>The complete text in Turkish can be found in a forum. The [http://www.sosyalistforum.net/politik-gundem/17456-koma-ciwaken-kurdistan-sozlesmesi.html entry dates 10 September 2008]; accessed on 24 October 2010</ref> The contract names Abdullah Öcalan as the leader. Article 36 of the contract defines the PKK as its ideological power.<ref name=iddia/>

==Detentions and court cases of alleged members==
Since April 2009 some 1.800 people have been detained on charges of being members of KCK/TM.<ref>See an article in the daily [http://www.milliyet.com.tr/kurtce-savunma-krizi/guncel/haberdetay/19.10.2010/1303344/default.htm Milliyet of 19 October 2010]; accessed on 24 October 2010</ref> Most of them were politicians active in the meanwhile closed down [[Democratic Society Party]] ('''DTP''') or the [[Peace and Democracy Party]] ('''BDP''').<ref name=dtf>See a [http://www.tuerkeiforum.net/enw/index.php/Arrests_and_court_cases_against_KCK/TM special report of the Democratic Turkey Form] of October 2010; accessed on 24 October 2010</ref> Trade unionists and human rights defenders have also been among the detainees.<ref>See [http://www.tuerkeiforum.net/enw/index.php/More_than_20_Trade_Unionists_Arrested_in_and_around_Izmir special report of the Democratic Turkey Forum] (DTF) of June 2009; accessed on 24 October 2010 and [http://www.tuerkeiforum.net/enw/index.php/Further_detentions_of_human_rights_activists special report of the DTF in March 2010]; accessed on 24 October 2010</ref>

Many of the detainees were put in pre-trial detention, but most of them have been charged with membership of an illegal organization under Article 314 of the Turkish Penal Code. Special heavy penal courts in various cities such as [[Izmir]], [[Adana]], [[Erzurum]] and [[Diyarbakir]] are conducting trials against groups from different towns. While the 31 trade unionists tried in Izmir have all been released their trial was still continuing. The next hearing was scheduled for 1 February 2011.<ref name=dtf/> Many more trials were continuing in October 2010.<ref name=dtf/> On 18 October 2010 the main trial started at Diyarbakir Heavy Penal Court No. 6. It involved 151 defendants, 103 of them in pre-trial detention. The 7578-page indictment was prepared in 15 months. The detainees requested that they be allowed to defend themselves in Kurdish during the trial. The court rejected the request.<ref>See an article in [http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/n.php?n=kck-case-hearings-to-be-held-in-turkish-2010-10-19 Hürriyet Daily News of 19 October 2010]; accessed on 24 October 2010</ref>

After 14 hearings Diyarbakir Heavy Penal Court No. 6 adjourned the case on 11 November 2010 to 13 January 2011. It did not allow the defendants to testify in Kurdish pointing at a decision of Diyarbakir Heavy Penal Court No. 4 of 10 November 2010 stating that the defendants should not be allowed to speak Kurdish since they had testified to the police and the arresting judge in Turkish.<ref>See the daily [http://www.milliyet.com.tr/bdp-li-demirtas-kurt-halki-mahkemelerde-okullarda-kurtce-konusacak-/turkiye/sondakikaarsiv/11.11.2010/1313187/default.htm Milliyet of 11 November 2010]</ref><ref>Also see a special report of the [http://www.tuerkeiforum.net/enw/index.php/Use_of_the_Kurdish_language_in_court Democratic Turkey Forum on the use of the Kurdish language in court]</ref>

At the beginning of October 2011 the number of detentions since April 2009 was given as 7,748 of whom 3,895 suspects were placed in pre-trial detention.<ref name=bia201110>The article in [http://www.bianet.org/bianet/siyaset/133216-30-ayda-kckden-7748-gozalti-3895-tutuklama Bianet of 6 October 2011]; accessed on 7 October 2011 presented a report of the [[Peace and Freedom Party]] (BDP) as the source</ref> 4,148 detentions were reported from the last six months, resulting in 1,548 arrest warrants.<ref name=bia201110/> In an answer to the progress report of the [[European Union]] of 12 October 2011<ref>The [http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/pdf/key_documents/2011/package/tr_rapport_2011_en.pdf complete report is available as pdf-file], accessed on 19 October 2011</ref> The Turkish Interior Ministry announced on 14 October 2011 that a total of 605 people suspected of membership of KCK remained in pre-trial detention.<ref>See the article in [http://www.radikal.com.tr/Radikal.aspx?aType=RadikalDetayV3&ArticleID=1066395&Date=15.10.2011&CategoryID=77 Radikal of 14 October 2011]; accessed on 19 October 2011</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Kurdish nationalist organisations}}

[[Category:Middle East]]
[[Category:Kurdistan Workers' Party]]
[[Category:Kurdistan]]

[[ca:Koma Komalên Kurdistan]]
[[de:Koma Civakên Kurdistan]]
[[es:Koma Civakên Kurdistán]]
[[ku:Koma Civakên Kurdistanê]]
[[tr:Kürdistan Topluluklar Birliği]]

Revision as of 08:25, 29 November 2011

For other uses of KCK see: KCK (disambiguation)

{{Infobox Parliament | background_color = Green | text_color = Yellow |name = Union of Communities in Kurdistan |coa_pic = Flag of Koma Komalên Kurdistan.svg |coa_res = 200px |native_name = Koma Civakên Kurdistan |session_room = |foundation = |house_type = |leader1_type = Honorary Leader |leader1 = [[Abdullah Öcalan|Abdullah Öcalan] At the same time a terrorist organization called PKK leader whom sentenced prison by court in turkey] |leader2_type = President of Legislative Council PKK terrorist organization leader |leader2 = Zübeyir Aydar PKK terrorist organization leader |leader3_type = Chairman of Executive Council |leader3 = Murat KarayılanPKK terrorist organization leader |leader4_type = Vice-Chairman of Executive Council |leader4 = Cemil BayıkPKK terrorist organization leader |election1 = |members = |political_groups1 = |last_election1 = |meeting_place = |website = }}

Koma Civakên Kurdistan (KCK) (Union of Communities in Kurdistan) is a Kurdish organization founded by Abdullah Öcalan[1] as formerly named Koma Komalên Kurdistan (KKK) (Peoples' Confederation of Kurdistan) to put in practice his ideology of democratic confederalism. It is the intend to terrorist organization Kurdish people.

Abdullah Öcalan is the group's honorary leader ( PKK terrorist organization leader) , however due to his imprisonment the organisation is led by an Assembly called the Kongra-Gel, which serves as the group's legislature. The President of the Kongra-Gel is Zübeyir Aydar. The Assembly elects a 31-man Executive Council, the Chairman of this Executive Council is Murat Karayılan. Cemil Bayık is said to be the Executive Council's Vice-President.[2][3][4]

Structure

The KCK exists of several councils and other organizations of the Kurdish society. It is designed in a bottom-up structure.[5] Single parts are the youth council, women's council and councils of the four territorial entities of Kurdish people (Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Syria) and one of the European diaspora, also participating political parties like PKK, PJAK and PYD, non-governmental organizations (NGO) and armed organizations like Hêzên Parastina Gel (HPG).

A parliament-like structure of the KCK is called Kongra Gel, formerly part of Kurdistan Workers' Party's (PKK) structure. Now it consists of 300 elected persons from the councils.[5] The KCK is an alternative to the State. It undertakes all the responsibilities of a State. It establishes courts to solve disputes. It provides schooling. It imposes punishments on those who fail to comply with its rules.[6]

Some commentators see KCK as the modernized version of PKK’s armed structuring in the 1990s. It carries the fear that PKK spreads from mountains to the universities, hospitals, municipalities, and streets. Ihsan Bal, Head of Security Studies, affirm that they can question the mayor, tell tradesman to take down the shutters when the prime minister visits, scare them and organize everything in the region.[7]

Ideology

Its ideology consists of principles from social ecology and is called democratic confederalism. Main intend is to create a Democracy and ecologic society instead of nation-state or top-down government to bring peace to the war-beaten Middle East region with its lots of different ethnic groups and religions. The aim is a "union of equity an free will".[5]

History

In March 2005 Abdullah Öcalan gave his Declaration of Democratic Confederalism in Kurdistan[1] to his lawyers. During the 3rd General Assembly of Kongra-Gel between 4 and 21 May 2005 Koma Komalên Kurdistán (KKK) was formed together with the Turkey Coordination. During the General Assembly between 17 and 22 April 2006 Turkey Coordination was renamed to Turkey Parliament (Türkiye Meclisi TM).[8]

During a congress in May 2007 the contract, seen as the Constitution of KCK was passed.[9] The contract names Abdullah Öcalan as the leader. Article 36 of the contract defines the PKK as its ideological power.[8]

Detentions and court cases of alleged members

Since April 2009 some 1.800 people have been detained on charges of being members of KCK/TM.[10] Most of them were politicians active in the meanwhile closed down Democratic Society Party (DTP) or the Peace and Democracy Party (BDP).[11] Trade unionists and human rights defenders have also been among the detainees.[12]

Many of the detainees were put in pre-trial detention, but most of them have been charged with membership of an illegal organization under Article 314 of the Turkish Penal Code. Special heavy penal courts in various cities such as Izmir, Adana, Erzurum and Diyarbakir are conducting trials against groups from different towns. While the 31 trade unionists tried in Izmir have all been released their trial was still continuing. The next hearing was scheduled for 1 February 2011.[11] Many more trials were continuing in October 2010.[11] On 18 October 2010 the main trial started at Diyarbakir Heavy Penal Court No. 6. It involved 151 defendants, 103 of them in pre-trial detention. The 7578-page indictment was prepared in 15 months. The detainees requested that they be allowed to defend themselves in Kurdish during the trial. The court rejected the request.[13]

After 14 hearings Diyarbakir Heavy Penal Court No. 6 adjourned the case on 11 November 2010 to 13 January 2011. It did not allow the defendants to testify in Kurdish pointing at a decision of Diyarbakir Heavy Penal Court No. 4 of 10 November 2010 stating that the defendants should not be allowed to speak Kurdish since they had testified to the police and the arresting judge in Turkish.[14][15]

At the beginning of October 2011 the number of detentions since April 2009 was given as 7,748 of whom 3,895 suspects were placed in pre-trial detention.[16] 4,148 detentions were reported from the last six months, resulting in 1,548 arrest warrants.[16] In an answer to the progress report of the European Union of 12 October 2011[17] The Turkish Interior Ministry announced on 14 October 2011 that a total of 605 people suspected of membership of KCK remained in pre-trial detention.[18]

References

  1. ^ a b Öcalan, Abdullah,Declaration of Democratic Confederalism in Kurdistan, 20-03-2005, (English)
  2. ^ [1]
  3. ^ [2]
  4. ^ [3]
  5. ^ a b c Nihat Kaya, Şevin Bingöl, Nalin Penaber, Sinan Cudi, Baki Gül,PKK'den KKK'ya yeni bir sistem -3-, Özgür Gündem, 08/10/2006, (Turkish)
  6. ^ Columnist Mümtazer Türköne in Today's Zaman of 23 October 2010: accessed on 24 October 2010
  7. ^ Ihsan Bal, Head of Security Studies in Usak in the Turkish Weekly of 27 December 2009; accessed on 24 October 2010
  8. ^ a b These and other details can be found in an indictment to Diyarbakir Heavy Penal Court dated 25 May 2009. The Turkish version can be found on a page of scripd.com; accessed on 24 October 2010. A German translation of parts of it can be found at http://ob.nubati.net/wiki/Anklageschrift_gegen_die_KCK
  9. ^ The complete text in Turkish can be found in a forum. The entry dates 10 September 2008; accessed on 24 October 2010
  10. ^ See an article in the daily Milliyet of 19 October 2010; accessed on 24 October 2010
  11. ^ a b c See a special report of the Democratic Turkey Form of October 2010; accessed on 24 October 2010
  12. ^ See special report of the Democratic Turkey Forum (DTF) of June 2009; accessed on 24 October 2010 and special report of the DTF in March 2010; accessed on 24 October 2010
  13. ^ See an article in Hürriyet Daily News of 19 October 2010; accessed on 24 October 2010
  14. ^ See the daily Milliyet of 11 November 2010
  15. ^ Also see a special report of the Democratic Turkey Forum on the use of the Kurdish language in court
  16. ^ a b The article in Bianet of 6 October 2011; accessed on 7 October 2011 presented a report of the Peace and Freedom Party (BDP) as the source
  17. ^ The complete report is available as pdf-file, accessed on 19 October 2011
  18. ^ See the article in Radikal of 14 October 2011; accessed on 19 October 2011
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