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Athletes who have earned degrees from the university include four-time [[NBA Finals|NBA Championship]]-winner [[Shaquille O’Neal]] ('05)<ref>[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/8357843/ The Big Executive? Shaq masters MBA] MSNBC Web Site. Retrieved February 12, 2008.</ref> and three-time [[WNBA]] [[MVP]] [[Lisa Leslie]].<ref>[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9405E7DE113CF934A25752C0A96F9C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all SPORTS OF THE TIMES; University Sells Itself During Playoffs ] ''NY Times'' Web Site. Retrieved March 20, 2009.</ref><ref>[http://www.wireimage.com/ItemListings.aspx?igi=66148&nbc1=1 Los Angeles Sparks Lisa Leslie Receives her Masters at University of Phoenix] WireImage Website. Retrieved March 20, 2009.</ref>
Athletes who have earned degrees from the university include four-time [[NBA Finals|NBA Championship]]-winner [[Shaquille O’Neal]] ('05)<ref>[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/8357843/ The Big Executive? Shaq masters MBA] MSNBC Web Site. Retrieved February 12, 2008.</ref> and three-time [[WNBA]] [[MVP]] [[Lisa Leslie]].<ref>[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9405E7DE113CF934A25752C0A96F9C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all SPORTS OF THE TIMES; University Sells Itself During Playoffs ] ''NY Times'' Web Site. Retrieved March 20, 2009.</ref><ref>[http://www.wireimage.com/ItemListings.aspx?igi=66148&nbc1=1 Los Angeles Sparks Lisa Leslie Receives her Masters at University of Phoenix] WireImage Website. Retrieved March 20, 2009.</ref>


::This list of the alumni of UOP is a testament that there is space in this country for private universities to become major players in the development of our country's human capital. We should look to some of these institutions to fill that the gap the public universities are unable to fill. There is need for flexibility in higher education and especially for the working class and public universities have not been able to provide such flexibility. [[User:Seetrue|Seetrue]] ([[User talk:Seetrue|talk]]) 19:19, 22 April 2012 (UTC)
{{University of Phoenix alumni box}}
{{University of Phoenix alumni box}}


Revision as of 20:30, 22 April 2012

Template:Distinguish2

University of Phoenix
File:University of Phoenix logo.gif
MottoThinking Ahead
TypePrivate, For-profit (Nasdaq: APOL),
Established1976
PresidentBill Pepicello
Undergraduates319,399[1]
Postgraduates61,400[1]
Location
Phoenix
,
Arizona
,
USA
CampusUrban
Locations204 campuses & learning centers, online[2]
Websitephoenix.edu

The University of Phoenix (UPX,UoP UOPX) is a for-profit institution of higher learning. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Apollo Group Inc. which is a publicly traded (Nasdaq: APOL) S&P 500 corporation based in Phoenix, Arizona. The university has more than 200 campuses worldwide and confers degrees in over 100 degree programs at the associate, bachelor's, master's and doctoral levels.[3]

The University of Phoenix is one of the largest higher education providers in North America. Although the university attained a peak enrollment of almost 600,000 students in 2010, a 30% enrollment drop in 2011 has been attributed to operational changes amid criticism of high debt loads and low job prospects for UOPX students.[4] These changes include allowing students to try classes before officially enrolling and recruiter training programs that are designed to improve student retention and completion rates.[5]

University of Phoenix has an open enrollment admission policy, requiring a high-school diploma, GED, or its equivalent as its criteria for admissions.[6] The school also provides associate or bachelor's degree applicants opportunity for advanced placement through its prior learning assessment, which, aside from previous coursework, college credit can come from experiential learning essays, corporate training, and certificates or licenses.[7]

History

1970–1999

The University of Phoenix was founded by John Sperling, who felt that "working adult students were often invisible on traditional campuses and treated as second-class citizens."[8] Started in 1976 the Phoenix metropolitan area,[8] the first class consisted of eight students.[9] In 1980, the school expanded to San Jose, California, and in 1989, the university launched its online program.[10]

2000–present

The university has paid several government fines and settled whistle-blower lawsuits concerning its admissions practices and education programs.[11] In 2000, the government fined UOPX $6 million for failing to include study-group meetings as instructional hours. In 2002, the Department of Education relaxed requirements on instructional hours.[12][13][14] A 2003 lawsuit filed by two former UOPX recruiters alleged that the university improperly obtained hundreds of millions of dollars in financial aid by paying its admission counselors based on the number of students they enrolled, a violation of the Higher Education Act.[12][13][15][16][17] UOPX's parent company settled by paying the government $67.5 million, plus $11 million in legal fees, without admitting any wrongdoing.[18][19] In 2004 the Department of Education alleged that UOPX violated Higher Education Act provisions that prohibit offering financial incentives to admission representatives and pressured its recruiters to enroll students.[20] UOPX disputed the findings but paid a $9.8 million fine as part of a settlement where it admitted no wrongdoing and was not required to return any financial aid funds.[21][22][23][24] UOPX's president stated that though recruiters were paid a commission based on the number of students enrolled, their compensation is not based solely on that criteria.[25] The university also paid $3.5 million to the Department of Labor to settle a violation of overtime compensation regarding hours worked by UOPX's recruiters.[26][27] The University of Phoenix settled a false claims suit for $78.5 million in 2009 over its recruiter-pay practices.[28]

The university has been cited as an example of for-profit colleges that operate to receive government educational subsidies.[29] In 2008, the university was the top recipient of student financial aid funds, receiving nearly $2.48 billion.[30] In 2009, the Department of Education produced a report that claimed the untimely return of unearned Title IV funds for more than 10 percent of sampled students. The report also expressed concern that some students register and begin attending classes before completely understanding the implications of enrollment, including their eligibility for student financial aid. In January 2010,the parent company Apollo Group was required to post a letter of credit for $125 million by January 30 of the same year.[31] In 2010, UOPX came under government scrutiny after its Phoenix and Philadelphia campuses were found to have been engaging in deceptive enrollment practices and fraudulent solicitation of FAFSA funds.[32][33]

Campuses

The reception desk at Phoenix's Hawaii Campus, displaying a Service of Process placard

The university has campuses and learning centers in 40 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Canada, Mexico, Chile, and the Netherlands.[34]

While the school specializes in online programs, the campuses offer additional programs and services.[35] Online students are also able to use tutoring and social centers, which can also be used for social and student meetings. The first center opened in 2007 in Plano, Texas.[36]

Students have access to class-specific online resources, which include an electronic library, textbooks, and other ancillary material required for a course. The university says that the electronic textbooks include search features and hyperlinks to glossary terms that make the books easier to use for research.[37]

Academics

The university offers degree programs through seven colleges and two schools.[38] These are named the School of Advanced Studies, School of Business, College of Criminal Justice and Security, College of Education, College of Humanities, College of Information Systems and Technology, College of Natural Sciences, College of Nursing, and the College of Social Sciences. In addition to its traditional education programs, the school offers continuing education courses for teachers and practitioners, professional development courses for companies, and specialized courses of study for military personnel.[39]

Students spend 20 to 24 hours with an instructor during each course, compared with about 40 hours at a traditional university. The university also requires students to collaborate by working on learning team projects, wherein the class will be divided into learning teams of four to five students. Each learning team is assigned a team forum where team members will discuss the project and submit their agreed upon portions of the learning team assignment for compilation by the nominated learning team leader. The concept of learning teams is somewhat uncommon in traditional academia; however, the University of Phoenix believes that collaborating on projects and having individuals rely on each other reflects the real working conditions of the corporate world.[40]

Some academics and former students feel the abbreviated courses and the use of learning teams result in an inferior education.[12][13][25] The University of Phoenix has been criticized for lack of academic rigor. Henry M. Levin, a professor of higher education at Teachers College at Columbia University, called its business degree an "MBA Lite," saying "I’ve looked at [its] course materials. It’s a very low level of instruction."[13] In May 2008, the university announced the formation of the University of Phoenix National Research Center, designed to study which teaching methods work best for nontraditional students.[41] The research center no longer exists.

Admissions and financial aid

The University of Phoenix has an open admissions policy.[42] In response to complaints about the use of financial aid by for-profit colleges in 2010 the university began an orientation program designed to lower dropout and default rates.[43] Students must successfully complete the orientation workshop in order to be eligible to start their first credit/cost bearing course. Students who do not complete the workshop after two attempts must wait six months before attempting again.

Phoenix students are recruited using high pressure sales tactics[44] by admissions counselors who are paid, in part, based on their success in recruiting students.[25] The university heavily recruits students in order to obtain financial aid on their behalf,[44] such as the Academic Competitiveness Grant, Federal Pell Grant, National Science & Mathematics Access to Retain Talent Grant (National SMART Grant), Federal Direct Student Loan Program, Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant, Federal Direct PLUS Loans, Federal Perkins Loan, and the Wounded Warrior Project.[45]. For the 2008-2009 fiscal year, the University of Phoenix student body received more Pell Grants ($656.9 million) than that of any other university.[46][47]

eCampus

Through its online portal, eCampus, University of Phoenix students also have access to software required for coursework. Available, for example, are virtual companies created by the university to provide students with assignments, which Adam Honea, UOPX's dean and provost, claims are more realistic than those available with case studies.[48]

In August 2011, Apollo group announced it would buy 100% of Carnegie Learning to accelerate its efforts to incorporate adaptive learning into its academic platform.[49]

Accreditation

The University of Phoenix has been regionally accredited since 1978 by The Higher Learning Commission (HLC) as a member of the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools (NCA).

Some individual colleges within the University of Phoenix hold specialty accreditation or are pre-accredited by accrediting agencies that are recognized by the Council for Higher Education Accreditation.

Organization and administration

Main article: Apollo Group
University of Phoenix Stadium, a municipal sports arena for which the corporation paid for naming rights.

University of Phoenix is a wholly owned subsidiary of Apollo Group, a S&P 500 corporation based in Phoenix, Arizona.

Marketing and advertising

The university paid $154.5 million for 20-year naming rights for advertising purposes of the University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona, a municipal sports arena, home of the NFL's Arizona Cardinals, and the site of the NCAA's Tostitos Fiesta Bowl. The university does not participate in intercollegiate sports.[57]

People

Students

The average age of a University of Phoenix student is between 33 (undergraduate) and 36 (graduate), and most students have work-related commitments.[58] The University states that nearly two-thirds of its students are women and that a plurality of students attending the school study business (undergraduate students representing 29.9% and graduate students 12.9%), followed closely by those enrolled in Axia College for Associate's degrees (28.1%).[59][60]

The student population is approximately 25% African-American and almost 13% Latino.[61] The university graduates the largest number of underrepresented students with Master's degrees in business, health care, and education than any other U.S. school.[62][63] The University of Phoenix was also named one of the nation's top 20 institutions of higher education favorable to military personnel, according to the December 2008 issue of Military Advanced Education. Nearly 29,000 active-duty military, their spouses, and veterans were enrolled in University of Phoenix degree programs at that time with more than 7,200 military members or veterans graduated from the university during that year.[64][65]

When calculated using the standards set by the Department of Education, UOPX's overall graduation rate is 16%, which, when compared to the national average of 55%, is among the nation's lowest. The federal standard measures graduation rates as the percentage of first-time undergraduates who obtain a degree within six years. The number is significantly lower at iUOPX's Southern California campus (6%) and its online programs (4%). This measurement does not take into consideration the typical University of Phoenix student who comes to the University as a dropout from another institution, so is not a first-time college student.[13] The University of Phoenix acknowledges the 16% graduation rate but takes exception to the standard used by the Department of Education to calculate the rate, saying that the rate is based upon criteria that apply to only 7% of UOPX's student population.[25] The institution publishes a self-calculated graduation rate of 59% to account for its large population of non-traditional students.[13]

Faculty

The university's faculty consists of approximately 1,500 core faculty and 20,000 associate (part-time or adjunct) faculty members who all hold graduate degrees.[66] UOPX's reliance on part-time faculty—95 percent of Phoenix instructors teach part time, compared to an average of 47 percent nationwide—has been criticized by regulators and academic critics. Most of the classes are centrally crafted and standardized across teachers in order to ensure consistency and reduce costs for the school. Additionally, faculty members do not get tenure.[12][13][25] According to a University of Phoenix officer, pre-screened instructional candidates participate in a training program in the discipline in which they teach, which he states has the effect of weeding out 40%–50% of the less committed or capable applicants.[67]

African-Americans make up more than 15% of the university's 22,000 faculty members, and about 6% are Latino.[61]

Alumni

Main article: List of University of Phoenix alumni

As of March 2010, 538,000 people have graduated from the University of Phoenix.[38] Phoenix alumni in the government sector include White House cybersecurity coordinator Howard Schmidt,[68] former U.S. Secretary of Transportation Mary Peters ('94),[69] and member of the Utah House of Representatives Brad Dee ('91).[70]

In military and law enforcement, alumni include U.S. Navy Admiral Kirkland H. Donald,[71] and Director of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Harold Hurtt ('91).[72] MSNBC anchor and a host of NBC's Early Today Christina Brown is also an alumna of the university.[73]

Athletes who have earned degrees from the university include four-time NBA Championship-winner Shaquille O’Neal ('05)[74] and three-time WNBA MVP Lisa Leslie.[75][76]

Template:University of Phoenix alumni box

See also

References

  1. ^ a b http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=79624&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1618736&highlight=
  2. ^ "UPX Campus Locations". Retrieved 2008-05-03.
  3. ^ University of Phoenix provides growth opportunities for working adults Lee Allen. Retrieved 18 September 2008.
  4. ^ "Apollo Group 4Q Net Soars On Fewer Charges; Enrollment Falls". The Wall Street Journal. 2011-10-19.
  5. ^ Lauerman, John (2011-10-19). "Apollo Fourth-Quarter Profit, Sales Top Analysts' Estimates". Bloomberg.
  6. ^ "Admissions Requirements - University of Phoenix". University of Phoenix. Retrieved 4 November 2011.
  7. ^ http://beta.phoenix.edu/admissions/prior_learning_assessment.html[dead link‍]
  8. ^ a b New Models For Higher Education: Creating an Adult-Centered Institution Craig Swenson. Retrieved 18 Sept, 2008.
  9. ^ Andrew Farrell Forbes (hosted on CBCNews), The Web Billionaires, September 19, 2008
  10. ^ "Telephony Online, ''Desktop degrees, University of Phoenix takes education on-line'', May 26, 1997". Telephonyonline.com. Retrieved 2010-09-03.
  11. ^ Education Management Corporation Accused of Widespread Fraud by Tamar Lewin, New York Times, 9 August 2011, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/09/education/09forprofit.html
  12. ^ a b c d Dealing in Diplomas, For the University of Phoenix, college is a big business - and getting bigger, The Dallas Morning News, February 28, 2004, by Katherine Yung
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h Sam Dillon, Troubles Grow for a University Built on Profits, The New York Times, February 11, 2007. Cite error: The named reference "Dillon021107" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  14. ^ "University's Owner Settles Federal Dispute Over Student Aid". New York Times. May 14, 2000. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  15. ^ "''United States of America ex rel. Hendow v. University of Phoenix, Second Amended Complaint''" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-09-03.
  16. ^ "List of Court Documents Related to False Claims Suit". Kroplaw.com. Retrieved 2010-09-03.
  17. ^ Lisa M. Krieger Lawsuit: University of Phoenix breached ethics, laws, San Jose Mercury , Jun 23, 2007.
  18. ^ Gilbertson, Dawn (October 4, 2009). "University of Phoenix case may get closure". Arizona Republic. Retrieved 2009-10-04.
  19. ^ "For-Profit Educator to Pay $67.5 Million Settlement". Wall Street Journal. Dec. 15, 2009. p. B4. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  20. ^ "US DOE Program Review Report" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-09-03.
  21. ^ Student-recruitment Tactics at University of Phoenix Blasted by Feds Univ. of Phoenix Audit Leads to $9.8 mil Fine The Arizona Republic, September 14, 2004, by Dawn Gilbertson
  22. ^ University of Phoenix Receives Record Fine Austin Business Journal, September 14, 2004
  23. ^ "''U. of Phoenix Uses Pressure in Recruiting, Report Says - Institution disputes charges that it pumps up enrollment through illegal tactics'', Chronicle of Higher Education, by Goldie Blumenstyk, October 8, 2004" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-09-03.
  24. ^ US DOE and U. of Phoenix Settlement Agreement[dead link‍]
  25. ^ a b c d e Katherine Mangu-Ward from the July 2008 issue. ""Education for Profit-Why is everyone flaming the University of Phoenix?" Reason, Katherine Mangu-Ward, July 2008 Print Edition". Reason.com. Retrieved 2010-09-03.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  26. ^ University of Phoenix, Dept. of Labor Reach Overtime Agreement The Phoenix Business Journal, July 23, 2004
  27. ^ Apollo to pay Department of Labor $2M-$3M to Settle Case Austin Business Journal, July 17, 2004.
  28. ^ Gilbertson, Dawn (Dec. 15, 2009). "Apollo Group Settles Suit for $78.5 Million". Arizona Republic. Retrieved 30 May 2011. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  29. ^ Etzioni, Amitai (2010-08-29). "Warning: Profit-Making Colleges Are After You". Huffington Post.
  30. ^ Top 100 Recipients of Federal Assistance for FY 2008, www.usaspending.gov, US government
  31. ^ "Apollo Repaid Education Aid Late, Gave Lax Counseling". Retrieved 2010-01-10.
  32. ^ Lauerman, John (2010-08-04). "For-Profit Colleges Misled Students, Witnesses Say". Bloomberg. Retrieved 2010-09-03.
  33. ^ Bloomberg August 4, 2010 article
  34. ^ Apollo Group Enters Mexican Education Market[dead link‍]
  35. ^ University of Phoenix fills online, campus classrooms Bob Pepalis. Retrieved 18 September 2008.
  36. ^ "University of Phoenix Opens First Resource Center, Dallas Business Journal, July 19, 2007". Bizjournals.com. 2007-07-19. Retrieved 2010-09-03.
  37. ^ Leonard, Wendy (August 25, 2008). "E-Books Make Learning Cheaper". Deseret News. Retrieved 2009-06-30.
  38. ^ a b "Just the Facts". University of Phoenix. Retrieved 8 January 2011.
  39. ^ "UoP Online and Campus Programs". Retrieved 2008-05-04.
  40. ^ "Learning Teams - University of Phoenix". Phoenix.edu. Retrieved 2010-09-03.
  41. ^ U. of Phoenix Draws Big Names to Advisory Panel on New Center on Teaching Adults Chronicle of Higher Education 2008-05-27
  42. ^ National Center for Education Statistics (2008). "College Navigator - University of Phoenix". Retrieved 2010-08-05.
  43. ^ John Hechinger, For-Profit College Slump Converging With Student Life-Debtors, Bloomberg, December 28, 2010, Accessed January 8, 2011.
  44. ^ a b http://chronicle.com/article/U-of-Phoenix-Uses-Pressure-in/31712
  45. ^ http://www.phoenix.edu/tuition_and_financial_options/financial_options/federal_financial_aid.html
  46. ^ "New Default Rate Data for Federal Student Loans: 44% of Defaulters Attended For-Profit Institutions - The Pew Charitable Trusts". Pewtrusts.org. 2009-12-15. Retrieved 2010-09-03.
  47. ^ http://www.trends-collegeboard.com/student_aid/pdf/2009_Trends_Student_Aid.pdf[dead link‍]
  48. ^ University Offers Real Job Training at Unreal Companies, by Paula Wasley, The Chronicle of Higher Education, August 8, 2008
  49. ^ Apollo Group to Buy Maker of Math Courses, by Trip Gabriel, New York Times, August 2, 2011
  50. ^ "Current ACBSP Educational Institution Members". Acbsp.org. Retrieved 2010-09-03.
  51. ^ Dawn Gilbertson, Losing Intel a blow to school, Arizona Republic, Dec 5, 2006
  52. ^ Stu Woo, Intel Cuts 100 Colleges From Its Tuition-Reimbursement Program for Employees, The Chronicle of Higher Education, February 2, 2007.
  53. ^ "''University of Phoenix Staggers Under Growing Criticism'', ConsumerAffairs.com, by Truman Lewis, February 11, 2007". Consumeraffairs.com. Retrieved 2010-09-03.
  54. ^ "TEAC members by state". Teac.org. Retrieved 2010-09-03.
  55. ^ CCNE-Accredited Baccalaureate and Master's Nursing Degree Programs
  56. ^ "Directory of CACREP Accredited Programs" (PDF). Cacrep.org. 1980-01-01. Retrieved 2010-09-03.
  57. ^ Howard, Jennifer (2008-01-31). "''U. of Phoenix Basks in the Super Exposure the Super Bowl Brings'', The Chronicle of Higher Education, by GOLDIE BLUMENSTYK, August 28, 2008". Chronicle.com. Retrieved 2010-09-03.
  58. ^ http://www.sgh.waw.pl/bos/. "Why Recent Criticism of the University of Phoenix is Unjustified, Rhonda P. Urban, Ementor, ezine by Warsaw School of Economics". E-mentor.edu.pl. Retrieved 2010-09-03. {{cite web}}: External link in |author= (help)
  59. ^ "University of Phoenix 2007 Fact Book". Phoenix.edu. Retrieved 2010-09-03.
  60. ^ "U. of Phoenix Says Test Scores Vindicate Its Academic Model, Chronicle of Higher Education, BLUMENSTYK June 13, 2008" (PDF). Upxnewsroom.com. Retrieved 2010-09-03.
  61. ^ a b 2008 UPX Annual Academic Report[dead link‍]
  62. ^ "University of Phoenix Ranks #1 in Graduating Master's Degree Students from Underrepresented Populations, Hispanic PR Wire". Hispanicprwire.com. 2007-07-18. Retrieved 2010-09-03.
  63. ^ Nealy, Michael (August 20, 2009). "Pride and Peril: Historically Black Colleges and Universities". Diverse - Issues in Higher Education. Retrieved 2009-09-25.
  64. ^ "University of Phoenix Ranked Among the Best in Serving Military and Veteran Students, PR Newswire". Redorbit.com. Retrieved 2010-09-03.
  65. ^ "Top Military-Friendly Colleges and Universities" (PDF). KMI Media Group and Military Advanced Education. 2008. Retrieved 2009-09-25.
  66. ^ University of Phoenix Faculty Overview. Retrieved February 17, 2008.
  67. ^ "Supporting E-Learning at the University of Phoenix" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-09-03.
  68. ^ Howard Schmidt, cybersecurity 'czar': Who is he? Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved December 29, 2009.
  69. ^ Adams, Marilyn (2008-02-05). "Events, drive keep DOT chief in the spotlight, USA Today Web Site accessed February 12, 2008". Usatoday.com. Retrieved 2010-09-03.
  70. ^ "Brad L. Dee". Utah House of Representatives. Retrieved December 15, 2010.
  71. ^ United States Navy Biography U.S. Navy Web Site. Retrieved March 13, 2008.
  72. ^ "Mayor bill white announces police chief nominee". City of Houston. 27 February 2004. Retrieved December 15, 2010.
  73. ^ "Christina Brown". MSNBC. 2010. Retrieved December 15, 2010.
  74. ^ The Big Executive? Shaq masters MBA MSNBC Web Site. Retrieved February 12, 2008.
  75. ^ SPORTS OF THE TIMES; University Sells Itself During Playoffs NY Times Web Site. Retrieved March 20, 2009.
  76. ^ Los Angeles Sparks Lisa Leslie Receives her Masters at University of Phoenix WireImage Website. Retrieved March 20, 2009.

Further reading

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