Futanari: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Futanari.png|thumb|Example illustration of two common futanari variants]] |
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Futanari (二成, 二形; ふたなり, literally "dual form") is the Japanese term for a subset of androgyny or hermaphroditism where a primarily female body possesses male genital traits<ref name=Leupp>Leupp, Gary P.[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=a6q-PqPDAmIC&pg=PA174&dq=futanari&hl=en&ei=XlcnTLqUII7KjAeW-7V5&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=futanari&f=false ''Male Colors: The Construction of Homosexuality in Tokugawa Japan''], University of California Press 1997, p. 174, ISBN 978-0-520-20900-8</ref><ref>{{de icon}} Krauss, Friedrich Salomo et al. ''Japanisches Geschlechtsleben: Abhandlungen und Erhebungen über das Geschlechtsleben des japanischen Volkes ; folkloristische Studien'', Schustek, 1965, pp. 79, 81</ref> The use of this form of hermaphroditism in fiction is currently associated mainly with pornographic anime and manga, but in the past has been present in works with more general appeal. |
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Beyond Japan the term is used to describe a commonly pornographic genre of [[Eroge|computer games]], [[Manga|comics]] and [[Anime|animations]], which includes characters that show both primary sexual characteristics.<ref name="Leupp"/> But in todays language it refers almost exclusively for characters who have a overall feminine appearance. In that case the term is also often abbreviated as ''futa(s)'', which is occasionally also used as term for the works itself.<ref name="krauss"/> |
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== History in Japanese culture == |
== History in Japanese culture == |
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In Japanese society, interest in |
In Japanese society, interest in futanari dates back hundreds of years, and may have roots in the worship of Dosojin, who was portrayed as a phallus, despite being neither male nor female.<ref name=Leupp /> Until 1644, when Japanese onnagata actors were required to adopt male hairstyles regardless of the gender they were portraying, futanari characters portrayed by onnagata actors were a popular element in Japanese drama. Actors playing characters such as female warriors capitalised on the interest in the futanari quality, which was common in both samurai and commoner society.<ref name=Leupp /> |
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== In anime and manga == |
== In anime and manga == |
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There is a specific |
There is a specific futanari genre within hentai (pornographic anime or manga), which depicts hermaphrodite characters. Other common terms used to describe futanari characters are "dickgirls"<ref>{{Cite book |title=Netporn: DIY web culture and sexual politics |series=Critical media studies: institutions, politics, and culture |first=Katrien |last=Jacobs |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |year=2007 |isbn=0-7425-5432-5 |pages=103–104 }}</ref> or "shemales". A similar concept is "newhalf" which tends to refer specifically to characters with female bodies but only male genitals.[citation needed] However, "futanari" is often used as a term for both categories.[citation needed] |
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=== Origins === |
=== Origins === |
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Futanari manga |
Futanari manga appeared in the 1990s and quickly became a pervasive part of the industry, cross-pollinating with multiple genres.<ref name="MTCG"/> [[Toshiki Yui]]'s ''[[Hot Tails]]'' has been described as the best known exponent of the genre in the West.<ref name="MTCG">{{Cite book|last=Thompson |first=Jason |authorlink=Jason Thompson (writer) |title=[[Manga: The Complete Guide]] |date=October 9, 2007 |publisher=[[Del Rey Books|Del Rey]] |location=New York, New York |isbn=978-0-345-48590-8 |oclc=85833345 |page=452 |chapter=Adult Reviews }}</ref> |
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There are many hypotheses as to why and how the theme of |
There are many hypotheses as to why and how the theme of futanari came into being. The most obvious is the close relationship that the futanari fetish shares with Western "shemale" pornography. However due to the way it is executed, futanari probably shares more in common with the yuri genre. Futanari can be seen as an extension of the lesbian theme where it is used instead of a strap-on dildo or equivalent, that is, in cases involving a futanari character and a woman.[citation needed] Futanari may also be seen as a way in which heterosexual male/female empathy can be inserted into a predominately lesbian scene. |
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| ⚫ | Despite its graphic nature, the concept of futanari has been present in some mainstream works. Prominent examples include <ref name=ccies>{{cite web|title=Sex, Love and Women in Japanese Comics|url=http://www.kinseyinstitute.org/ccies/jp.php#8d|work=International Encyclopedia of Sexuality|accessdate=14 May 2012|author=Timothy Perper|coauthors=Martha Cornog}}</ref> and ''[[I My Me! Strawberry Eggs]]'' (which takes on a more cross-dressing theme). |
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Only a very small subset of ''futanari'' characters "become" futa due to male to female transformations; most are developed by other, more outlandish means, often from women. This allows story lines to take a more lesbian context which is more palatable to many readers. |
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''Futanari'' may also be seen as a way in which [[heterosexual]] [[male]]/[[female]] [[empathy]] can be inserted into a predominately lesbian scene. Obviously, one of the main difficulties that heterosexual male and female observers have with lesbian scenes is that it is difficult for them to empathise or see themselves in the situation.{{Citation needed|date=June 2010}} In the ''futanari'' fetish, this becomes possible and this may appeal to a part of the ''futanari'' community.{{Clarify|date=June 2010}}{{Citation needed|date=February 2010}} |
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== Types == |
== Types == |
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While mostly all futanari have the outer appearance of a female character, the anatomical specifics of futanari can vary between works. They range from ′true′ hermaphrodites, inheriting both [[male genitalia|male]] and [[female genitalia|female]] genitalia, to |
While mostly all futanari have the outer appearance of a female character, the anatomical specifics of futanari can vary between works. They range from ′true′ hermaphrodites, inheriting both [[male genitalia|male]] and [[female genitalia|female]] genitalia, to "false" hermaphrodites with female genitalia that only imitate the form of a phallus using the existing features. The phallus may be depicted with testicles or without them. Characters without primary female genitalia are sometimes also referred to as futanari, though they technically fall within a category known as "new half." Ultimately, these variations in type and origin are generally used to the same functional ends, in terms of the story being told.. |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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== References == |
== References == |
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'''Notes''' |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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'''Bibliography''' |
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* Jensen, Nate. (2009) Japanese-English Guide to Sex, Kink and Naughtiness. ISBN 978-1-4421-0876-9. |
* Jensen, Nate. (2009) Japanese-English Guide to Sex, Kink and Naughtiness. ISBN 978-1-4421-0876-9. |
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==External links== |
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{{Japanese erotic cinema}} |
{{Japanese erotic cinema}} |
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Revision as of 00:17, 23 March 2013
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Futanari (二成, 二形; ふたなり, literally "dual form") is the Japanese term for a subset of androgyny or hermaphroditism where a primarily female body possesses male genital traits[1][2] The use of this form of hermaphroditism in fiction is currently associated mainly with pornographic anime and manga, but in the past has been present in works with more general appeal.
History in Japanese culture
In Japanese society, interest in futanari dates back hundreds of years, and may have roots in the worship of Dosojin, who was portrayed as a phallus, despite being neither male nor female.[1] Until 1644, when Japanese onnagata actors were required to adopt male hairstyles regardless of the gender they were portraying, futanari characters portrayed by onnagata actors were a popular element in Japanese drama. Actors playing characters such as female warriors capitalised on the interest in the futanari quality, which was common in both samurai and commoner society.[1]
In anime and manga
There is a specific futanari genre within hentai (pornographic anime or manga), which depicts hermaphrodite characters. Other common terms used to describe futanari characters are "dickgirls"[3] or "shemales". A similar concept is "newhalf" which tends to refer specifically to characters with female bodies but only male genitals.[citation needed] However, "futanari" is often used as a term for both categories.[citation needed]
Origins
Futanari manga appeared in the 1990s and quickly became a pervasive part of the industry, cross-pollinating with multiple genres.[4] Toshiki Yui's Hot Tails has been described as the best known exponent of the genre in the West.[4]
There are many hypotheses as to why and how the theme of futanari came into being. The most obvious is the close relationship that the futanari fetish shares with Western "shemale" pornography. However due to the way it is executed, futanari probably shares more in common with the yuri genre. Futanari can be seen as an extension of the lesbian theme where it is used instead of a strap-on dildo or equivalent, that is, in cases involving a futanari character and a woman.[citation needed] Futanari may also be seen as a way in which heterosexual male/female empathy can be inserted into a predominately lesbian scene.
Despite its graphic nature, the concept of futanari has been present in some mainstream works. Prominent examples include [5] and I My Me! Strawberry Eggs (which takes on a more cross-dressing theme).
Types
While mostly all futanari have the outer appearance of a female character, the anatomical specifics of futanari can vary between works. They range from ′true′ hermaphrodites, inheriting both male and female genitalia, to "false" hermaphrodites with female genitalia that only imitate the form of a phallus using the existing features. The phallus may be depicted with testicles or without them. Characters without primary female genitalia are sometimes also referred to as futanari, though they technically fall within a category known as "new half." Ultimately, these variations in type and origin are generally used to the same functional ends, in terms of the story being told..
See also
References
- ^ a b c Leupp, Gary P.Male Colors: The Construction of Homosexuality in Tokugawa Japan, University of California Press 1997, p. 174, ISBN 978-0-520-20900-8
- ^ Template:De icon Krauss, Friedrich Salomo et al. Japanisches Geschlechtsleben: Abhandlungen und Erhebungen über das Geschlechtsleben des japanischen Volkes ; folkloristische Studien, Schustek, 1965, pp. 79, 81
- ^ Jacobs, Katrien (2007). Netporn: DIY web culture and sexual politics. Critical media studies: institutions, politics, and culture. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 103–104. ISBN 0-7425-5432-5.
- ^ a b Thompson, Jason (October 9, 2007). "Adult Reviews". Manga: The Complete Guide. New York, New York: Del Rey. p. 452. ISBN 978-0-345-48590-8. OCLC 85833345.
- ^ Timothy Perper. "Sex, Love and Women in Japanese Comics". International Encyclopedia of Sexuality. Retrieved 14 May 2012.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help)
- Jensen, Nate. (2009) Japanese-English Guide to Sex, Kink and Naughtiness. ISBN 978-1-4421-0876-9.
Look up futanari in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
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