Boris Kalamanos: Difference between revisions
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'''Boris Kalamanos''' (Kiev, c. 1114-1153/1154) was a [[pretender]] who claimed the Hungarian throne. He desperately tried to assert his claims with the assistance of [[Poland]], the [[Holy Roman Empire]] and the [[Byzantine Empire]], but he failed and died in exile |
'''Boris Kalamanos''' (Kiev, c. 1114-1153/1154) was a [[pretender]] who claimed the Hungarian throne. He desperately tried to assert his claims with the assistance of [[Poland]], the [[Holy Roman Empire]] and the [[Byzantine Empire]], but he failed and died in exile. |
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==His descent== |
==His descent== |
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Boris was the son of [[Euphemia of Kiev]], queen of King [[Coloman of Hungary]] who had been caught in adultery and sent back to [[Kiev]] before her son's birth. Therefore, Boris was born in the court of his maternal grandfather, Grand Prince [[Vladimir II Monomakh|Vladimir II of Kiev]] and he was never recognised by King Coloman as his son. |
Boris was the son of [[Euphemia of Kiev]], queen of King [[Coloman of Hungary]] who had been caught in adultery and sent back to [[Kiev]] before her son's birth. Therefore, Boris was born in the court of his maternal grandfather, Grand Prince [[Vladimir II Monomakh|Vladimir II of Kiev]] and he was never recognised by King Coloman as his son. |
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Boris may have gone to the [[Kingdom of Hungary]] in 1128 when a group of aristocrats proclaimed a "Count Bors" king against King [[Stephen II of Hungary|Stephen II]] (who was King Coloman's son and successor), but Boris identification with Count |
Boris may have gone to the [[Kingdom of Hungary]] in 1128 when a group of aristocrats proclaimed a "Count Bors" king against King [[Stephen II of Hungary|Stephen II]] (who was King Coloman's son and successor), but Boris identification with Count Boris is under debate. Nevertheless, King Stephen II managed to overcome the conspiracy and he was followed by his cousin, King [[Béla II of Hungary|Béla II the Blind]] who was crowned on 28 April 1131. |
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==The pretender== |
==The pretender== |
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Boris did not give up his claim for the Hungarian throne, but he could try to assert his claim only in 1146 when he occupied [[Pressburg]] assisted by mercenaries whom King [[Conrad III of Germany]] provided to him. However, King [[Géza II of Hungary]] managed to bribe his mercenaries who surrendered. On 11 September, the young king defeated the troops of Margrave [[Henry II, Duke of Austria|Henry II of Austria]] who had been assisting Boris. |
Boris did not give up his claim for the Hungarian throne, but he could try to assert his claim only in 1146 when he occupied [[Pressburg]] assisted by mercenaries whom King [[Conrad III of Germany]] provided to him. However, King [[Géza II of Hungary]] managed to bribe his mercenaries who surrendered. On 11 September, the young king defeated the troops of Margrave [[Henry II, Duke of Austria|Henry II of Austria]] who had been assisting Boris. |
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==His last years |
==His last years== |
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Before July 1147, Boris joined the [[Crusades|crusaders]] led by King [[Louis VII of France]] who were about passing through the Kingdom of Hungary. When King Géza II was informed that Boris had arrived to Hungary among the crusaders, he sought Boris' extradition. Although King Louis VII did not extradite Boris, but he was taken in custody to the Byzantine Empire. |
Before July 1147, Boris joined the [[Crusades|crusaders]] led by King [[Louis VII of France]] who were about passing through the Kingdom of Hungary. When King Géza II was informed that Boris had arrived to Hungary among the crusaders, he sought Boris' extradition. Although King Louis VII did not extradite Boris, but he was taken in custody to the Byzantine Empire. |
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Boris took part in the campaign of the Emperor [[Manuel I Komnenos]] |
Boris took part in the campaign of the Emperor [[Manuel I Komnenos]] |
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against the Kingdom of Hungary, and during the campaign he led an army pillaging the southern parts of the kingdom (around 1150). |
against the Kingdom of Hungary, and during the campaign he led an army pillaging the southern parts of the kingdom (around 1150). He was killed at a battle against the [[Pechenegs]]. |
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==Bosnia rule== |
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In 1141, Boris was given [[Banate of Bosnia|Bosnia]],<ref name=BHoman>Bálint Hóman (1940) [https://books.google.com/books?id=17UZAAAAIAAJ Geschichte des ungarischen Mittelalters]. W de Gruyter, pp.399.</ref> where he ruled as [[Ban Borić|Borić]], the [[Ban (title)#Medieval bans|Ban]] of Bosnia. |
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A Greek historian [[John Kinnamos]], who was the imperial secretary to the Byzantine Emperor [[Manuel I Komnenos]] (1143–1180), wrote: ''"Borić was not a vassal but an ally of King of Hungary. Bosnia at that time spread all the way to river [[Drina]], which was the border to [[Serbia]]. Bosnia was not subservient to the Serbian Grand Duke. Instead, its people was independent, it had its own customs and regulations, as well as its own separate [[sovereign]]."'' |
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Boris was succeeded as viceroy of Bosnia by his son ("''Banus Culinus, Borichii [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/filius#Noun filius]''")<ref name=Katona1>[http://books.google.com/books?id=rZwAAAAAcAAJ&q=Borichii#v=snippet&q=Borichii&f=false István Katona. Historia Critica Regum Hungariae: Ex Fide Domesticorum Et Exterorum Scriptorum Concinnata. Stirpis Arpadianae ; T. 4, Complectens Res Gestas Stephani III. Ladislai II. Stephani IV. Belae III. Emerici, Ladislai III. Weingand Et Koepf, 1781. p.581]</ref> [[Constantine Kalamanos]] who ruled Bosnia as [[Ban Kulin]], after serving as a [[Byzantine]] governor of [[Cilicia]]. |
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==Marriage and children== |
==Marriage and children== |
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* ''[[sebastos]]'' [[Konstantinos Kalamanos]] (1137/1145–after 1173) |
* ''[[sebastos]]'' [[Konstantinos Kalamanos]] (1137/1145–after 1173) |
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* [[Stephanos Kalamanos]] |
* [[Stephanos Kalamanos]] |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==Sources== |
==Sources== |
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| PLACE OF DEATH = |
| PLACE OF DEATH = |
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}} |
}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Kalamanos, Boris}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kalamanos, Boris}} |
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[[Category:1114 births]] |
[[Category:1114 births]] |
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Revision as of 03:27, 24 February 2015
Boris Kalamanos (Kiev, c. 1114-1153/1154) was a pretender who claimed the Hungarian throne. He desperately tried to assert his claims with the assistance of Poland, the Holy Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire, but he failed and died in exile.
His descent
Boris was the son of Euphemia of Kiev, queen of King Coloman of Hungary who had been caught in adultery and sent back to Kiev before her son's birth. Therefore, Boris was born in the court of his maternal grandfather, Grand Prince Vladimir II of Kiev and he was never recognised by King Coloman as his son.
Boris may have gone to the Kingdom of Hungary in 1128 when a group of aristocrats proclaimed a "Count Bors" king against King Stephen II (who was King Coloman's son and successor), but Boris identification with Count Boris is under debate. Nevertheless, King Stephen II managed to overcome the conspiracy and he was followed by his cousin, King Béla II the Blind who was crowned on 28 April 1131.
The pretender
Around 1130, Boris appeared in Constantinople, in the court of the Emperor John II Komnenos who granted him the honorary title panhypersebastos. Boris married one of the Emperor's relatives, Anna Dukaina.
When he realised that the emperor would not give him military assistance against King Béla II, he went to the court of King Boleslaus III of Poland who promised to assist him. Some Hungarian aristocrats also joined him, although King Béla II convoked an assembly in Hungary and ordered to murder all the participants who did not declare that Boris was a bastard. Shortly afterwards, King Boleslaus III invaded Hungary together with Boris, but their troops were defeated at the battle around the Sajó River (22 July 1132).
Boris did not give up his claim for the Hungarian throne, but he could try to assert his claim only in 1146 when he occupied Pressburg assisted by mercenaries whom King Conrad III of Germany provided to him. However, King Géza II of Hungary managed to bribe his mercenaries who surrendered. On 11 September, the young king defeated the troops of Margrave Henry II of Austria who had been assisting Boris.
His last years
Before July 1147, Boris joined the crusaders led by King Louis VII of France who were about passing through the Kingdom of Hungary. When King Géza II was informed that Boris had arrived to Hungary among the crusaders, he sought Boris' extradition. Although King Louis VII did not extradite Boris, but he was taken in custody to the Byzantine Empire.
Boris took part in the campaign of the Emperor Manuel I Komnenos against the Kingdom of Hungary, and during the campaign he led an army pillaging the southern parts of the kingdom (around 1150). He was killed at a battle against the Pechenegs.
Marriage and children
#1128-1130 or 1141-1143: Anna Dukaina (?–?), a relative of the Byzantine Emperor John II Komnenos, who became nun Arete after his death
- sebastos Konstantinos Kalamanos (1137/1145–after 1173)
- Stephanos Kalamanos
Sources
- Kristó, Gyula (editor): Korai Magyar Történeti Lexikon - 9-14. század (Encyclopedia of the Early Hungarian History - 9-14th centuries); Akadémiai Kiadó, 1994, Budapest; ISBN 963-05-6722-9.