Fitzpatrick scale: Difference between revisions
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'''Fitzpatrick scale''' (also '''Fitzpatrick skin typing test''' or '''Fitzpatrick phototyping scale''') is a numerical classification schema for [[human skin color]]. It was developed in 1975 by [[Thomas B. Fitzpatrick]], a [[Harvard University|Harvard]] [[Dermatology|dermatologist]], as a way to classify the typical response of different types of skin to [[ultraviolet]] (UV) light.<ref name="f_75">Fitzpatrick, T. B. (1975). "Soleil et peau" [Sun and skin]. Journal de Médecine Esthétique (in French) (2): 33–34</ref> Later, it was updated to also contain a wider range of skin types.<ref name="pjsf_76">Pathak, M. A.; Jimbow, K.; Szabo, G.; Fitzpatrick, T. B. (1976). "Sunlight and melanin pigmentation". In Smith, K. C. (ed.): Photochemical and photobiological reviews, Plenum Press, New York, 1976: 211-239</ref><ref name="f_86">Fitzpatrick, T. B. (1986). "Ultraviolet-induced pigmentary changes: Benefits and hazards", Therapeutic Photomedicine, Karger, vol. 15 of "Current Problems in Dermatology", 1986: 25-38</ref> The Fitzpatrick scale remains a recognized tool for dermatological research into human skin pigmentation. |
The '''Fitzpatrick scale''' (also '''Fitzpatrick skin typing test''', or '''Fitzpatrick phototyping scale''') is a numerical classification schema for [[human skin color]]. It was developed in 1975 by [[Thomas B. Fitzpatrick]], a [[Harvard University|Harvard]] [[Dermatology|dermatologist]], as a way to classify the typical response of different types of skin to [[ultraviolet]] (UV) light.<ref name="f_75">Fitzpatrick, T. B. (1975). "Soleil et peau" [Sun and skin]. Journal de Médecine Esthétique (in French) (2): 33–34</ref> Later, it was updated to also contain a wider range of skin types.<ref name="pjsf_76">Pathak, M. A.; Jimbow, K.; Szabo, G.; Fitzpatrick, T. B. (1976). "Sunlight and melanin pigmentation". In Smith, K. C. (ed.): Photochemical and photobiological reviews, Plenum Press, New York, 1976: 211-239</ref><ref name="f_86">Fitzpatrick, T. B. (1986). "Ultraviolet-induced pigmentary changes: Benefits and hazards", Therapeutic Photomedicine, Karger, vol. 15 of "Current Problems in Dermatology", 1986: 25-38</ref> The Fitzpatrick scale remains a recognized tool for dermatological research into human skin pigmentation. |
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The following list shows the six categories of the Fitzpatrick scale,<ref name=Skininc>{{cite journal|title=The Fitzpatrick Skin Type Classification Scale|journal=Skin Inc.|issue=November 2007|url=http://www.skininc.com/skinscience/physiology/10764816.html|accessdate=7 January 2014}}</ref><ref name=ARPNSA>{{cite web|title=Fitzpatrick Skin Type|url=http://www.arpansa.gov.au/pubs/RadiationProtection/FitzpatrickSkinType.pdf|publisher=Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency|accessdate=7 January 2014}}</ref> |
The following list shows the six categories of the Fitzpatrick scale,<ref name=Skininc>{{cite journal|title=The Fitzpatrick Skin Type Classification Scale|journal=Skin Inc.|issue=November 2007|url=http://www.skininc.com/skinscience/physiology/10764816.html|accessdate=7 January 2014}}</ref><ref name=ARPNSA>{{cite web|title=Fitzpatrick Skin Type|url=http://www.arpansa.gov.au/pubs/RadiationProtection/FitzpatrickSkinType.pdf|publisher=Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency|accessdate=7 January 2014}}</ref> |
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in relation to the 36 categories of the older [[Von Luschan's chromatic scale|von Luschan scale]]: |
in relation to the 36 categories of the older [[Von Luschan's chromatic scale|von Luschan scale]]: |
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*'''Type I''' (scores 0–6) Pale white; blond or red hair; blue eyes; freckles — Always burns, never tans |
*'''Type I''' (scores 0–6) Pale white; blond, light brown or red hair; blue, green or hazel eyes; freckles — Always burns, never tans found in a minority of populations in [[Northern Europe]] - especially [[Norway]], [[Estonia]], [[Latvia]], [[Iceland]], [[Faroe Islands]], and [[Scotland]]. |
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*'''Type II''' (scores 7–13) White; fair; blond or red hair; blue, green, or hazel eyes — Usually burns, tans minimally |
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*'''Type II''' (scores 7–13) White; fair; dark blond or brown hair; blue, green, hazel or brown eyes — Usually burns, tans minimally - - the skin tone of the majority of the population of [[Northern Europe]]an countries, large minority in [[England]], [[Wales]], [[Cornwall]], [[Ireland]], [[Germany]], [[Belgium]], [[Netherlands]] and [[Denmark]]. |
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*'''Type III''' (scores 14–20) Cream white; fair with any hair or eye color; quite common — Sometimes mild burn, tans uniformly |
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*'''Type IV''' (scores 21–27) Moderate brown; typical Mediterranean skin tone — Rarely burns, always tans well |
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*'''Type III''' (scores 14–20) Cream white; fair with any hair or eye color; typical Central Europe skin tone, quite common — Sometimes mild burn, tans uniformly - majority in England, Wales, Cornwall, Ireland, Northern France, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Austria, [[Czech Republic]], [[Slovakia]], [[Poland]], [[Denmark]] and [[Belguim]], small minority in [[Italy]], [[France|Central-Western France]], [[Occitania|Western Occitania]], [[Basque Country]], [[Slovenia]] and [[Croatia]]. |
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*'''Type V''' (scores 28–34) Dark brown; Middle Eastern skin types — Very rarely burns, tans very easily |
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*'''Type IV''' (scores 21–27) Moderate brown; typical Italian, French or Spaniard skin tone — Rarely burns, always tans well - Very small minority in Types II and III majority countries, such [[Norway]], [[Sweden]], [[Finland]], [[Russia]], [[Denmark]], [[Germany]] or [[United Kindgom|UK]], large majorities in [[Italy]], [[France]], [[Spain]], [[Portugal]], [[Greece]], [[Macedonia]], [[Serbia]], [[Slovenia]] and [[Croatia]], small minority in [[Middle East]]ern countries, such [[Turkey]] or [[Syria]], very small minority in [[India]]. |
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*'''Type V''' (scores 28–34) Dark brown; Arabian skin types — Very rarely burns, tans very easily - very small minority in [[Italy]] and [[France]], largest single type in [[Turkey]], large majorities in other [[Middle East]]ern countries and [[India]]. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Skin type I is commonest in Celtic countries of the British Isles, where there is a larger frequency of red-hairedness in Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Ireland has the highest frequency of type I at 26%, it is much higher than the Northern European average. The Irish and Celtic people as a whole have the highest frequency of fair skin types in the world. |
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Skin type II is commonest in Northern Europe. |
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Skin type III is the commonest skin type in Europe, found all over Europe, but in Ireland it's not a majority. 77% of the Irish population are of skin type I/II. (Irish Medical Journal of Science 1997/1998) |
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Skin type IV prevails in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean regions, as well as East Asia. |
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Skin type V prevails in most regions of the world, outside of Sub-Saharan Africa, the indigenous people of Oceania in India, southwest, southeast Asia. |
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Revision as of 15:11, 15 November 2015
The Fitzpatrick scale (also Fitzpatrick skin typing test, or Fitzpatrick phototyping scale) is a numerical classification schema for human skin color. It was developed in 1975 by Thomas B. Fitzpatrick, a Harvard dermatologist, as a way to classify the typical response of different types of skin to ultraviolet (UV) light.[1] Later, it was updated to also contain a wider range of skin types.[2][3] The Fitzpatrick scale remains a recognized tool for dermatological research into human skin pigmentation.
The following list shows the six categories of the Fitzpatrick scale,[4][5] in relation to the 36 categories of the older von Luschan scale:
- Type I (scores 0–6) Pale white; blond, light brown or red hair; blue, green or hazel eyes; freckles — Always burns, never tans found in a minority of populations in Northern Europe - especially Norway, Estonia, Latvia, Iceland, Faroe Islands, and Scotland.
- Type II (scores 7–13) White; fair; dark blond or brown hair; blue, green, hazel or brown eyes — Usually burns, tans minimally - - the skin tone of the majority of the population of Northern European countries, large minority in England, Wales, Cornwall, Ireland, Germany, Belgium, Netherlands and Denmark.
- Type III (scores 14–20) Cream white; fair with any hair or eye color; typical Central Europe skin tone, quite common — Sometimes mild burn, tans uniformly - majority in England, Wales, Cornwall, Ireland, Northern France, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Denmark and Belguim, small minority in Italy, Central-Western France, Western Occitania, Basque Country, Slovenia and Croatia.
- Type IV (scores 21–27) Moderate brown; typical Italian, French or Spaniard skin tone — Rarely burns, always tans well - Very small minority in Types II and III majority countries, such Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia, Denmark, Germany or UK, large majorities in Italy, France, Spain, Portugal, Greece, Macedonia, Serbia, Slovenia and Croatia, small minority in Middle Eastern countries, such Turkey or Syria, very small minority in India.
- Type V (scores 28–34) Dark brown; Arabian skin types — Very rarely burns, tans very easily - very small minority in Italy and France, largest single type in Turkey, large majorities in other Middle Eastern countries and India.
- Type VI (scores 35–36) Deeply pigmented dark brown to black, typical African skin tone — Never burns, tans very easily - large majority in Africa, small minority in Middle Eastern countries and India.
References
- ^ Fitzpatrick, T. B. (1975). "Soleil et peau" [Sun and skin]. Journal de Médecine Esthétique (in French) (2): 33–34
- ^ Pathak, M. A.; Jimbow, K.; Szabo, G.; Fitzpatrick, T. B. (1976). "Sunlight and melanin pigmentation". In Smith, K. C. (ed.): Photochemical and photobiological reviews, Plenum Press, New York, 1976: 211-239
- ^ Fitzpatrick, T. B. (1986). "Ultraviolet-induced pigmentary changes: Benefits and hazards", Therapeutic Photomedicine, Karger, vol. 15 of "Current Problems in Dermatology", 1986: 25-38
- ^ "The Fitzpatrick Skin Type Classification Scale". Skin Inc. (November 2007). Retrieved 7 January 2014.
- ^ "Fitzpatrick Skin Type" (PDF). Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency. Retrieved 7 January 2014.
 | This dermatology article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
Skin type I is commonest in Celtic countries of the British Isles, where there is a larger frequency of red-hairedness in Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Ireland has the highest frequency of type I at 26%, it is much higher than the Northern European average. The Irish and Celtic people as a whole have the highest frequency of fair skin types in the world. Skin type II is commonest in Northern Europe. Skin type III is the commonest skin type in Europe, found all over Europe, but in Ireland it's not a majority. 77% of the Irish population are of skin type I/II. (Irish Medical Journal of Science 1997/1998) Skin type IV prevails in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean regions, as well as East Asia. Skin type V prevails in most regions of the world, outside of Sub-Saharan Africa, the indigenous people of Oceania in India, southwest, southeast Asia.