Icosium: Difference between revisions
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{{for|the genus of beetles|Icosium (genus)}} |
{{for|the genus of beetles|Icosium (genus)}} |
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'''Icosium''' was first a [[Phoenicia]]n, then a [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] city whose site is now occupied by the [[casbah]] area of the modern city of [[Algiers]]. According to Greek |
'''Icosium''' was first a [[Phoenicia]]n, then a [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] city and bishopric (now a Latin [[titular see]]), whose site is now occupied by the [[casbah]] area of the modern city of [[Algiers]]. |
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== History == |
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According to Greek myth, Icosium was founded by 20 companions of [[Hercules]],<ref name="Edward Lipiński 2004">{{Cite book |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=SLSzNfdcqfoC&pg=PA403&dq=icosium&ei=t2bvR7DbO4uCyQTkg5CiAQ&sig=uzprC0ZZ5v9n1tWDtgm-WS2D-Io |title=Itineraria Phoenicia |isbn=90-429-1344-4|year=2004|author= [[Edward Lipinski (orientalist)|Edward Lipiński]]}}</ref> the Greek name, ''Ικοσιον'', being claimed to derive from ''εικοσι'', the Greek word for twenty. |
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In fact, however, the settlement was occupied by [[Punic]] settlers from at least as early as the 3rd century BC. |
In fact, however, the settlement was occupied by [[Punic]] settlers from at least as early as the 3rd century BC. |
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They called it ''Yksm'', which is believed to have meant "owl's island", and which was eventually transcribed as ''Icosium'' in Latin.<ref name="Edward Lipiński 2004"/> The original Punic name is reflected in the modern Arabic name for Algiers ({{lang-ar|الجزائر}}, pronounced ''Al Jaza'ir''), which means "the islands" {{Citation needed|reason=in Arabic the plural for islands is Juzur, not Jaza'ir, and singular form is Jazeera. The Etymology section on Algiers also does not provide a reference to this claim. |date=October 2013}}. |
They called it ''Yksm'', which is believed to have meant "owl's island", and which was eventually transcribed as ''Icosium'' in Latin.<ref name="Edward Lipiński 2004"/> The original Punic name is reflected in the modern Arabic name for Algiers ({{lang-ar|الجزائر}}, pronounced ''Al Jaza'ir''), which means "the islands" {{Citation needed|reason=in Arabic the plural for islands is Juzur, not Jaza'ir, and singular form is Jazeera. The Etymology section on Algiers also does not provide a reference to this claim. |date=October 2013}}. |
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Icosium remained a small trading post in the [[Phoenicia]]n and [[Carthaginian]] periods. In 146 BC, Icosium became part of the [[Roman Empire]]. The city was given Latin rights by Vespasian. |
Icosium remained a small trading post in the [[Phoenicia]]n and [[Carthaginian]] periods. In 146 BC, Icosium became part of the [[Roman Empire]]. The city was given Latin rights by [[Roman emperor]] [[Vespasian]]. |
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The bishops of Icosium are mentioned as late as the 5th century. It remained part of the Roman Empire until the 5th century AD, when it was conquered by [[Vandals]]. |
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The town was later reconquered by the Eastern Roman Empire ([[Byzantium]]) before the Arab conquest in the 7th century. |
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== Ecclesiastical history == |
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Circa 400 a Diocese of Icosium was established under Roman rule, which was suppressed circa 500, presumably by the [[Arian]] Vandals. |
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=== Titular see === |
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In 1700 the diocese was nominally restored as [[titular bishopric]] of Icosium (Curiate Italian '''Icosio'''). |
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As such it had the following incumebnts, all of the fitting episcopal (lowest) rank : |
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* Manuel Tercero Rozas, [[Augustinians]] (O.E.S.A.) (1727.11.26 – 1752.07.04) |
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* Aloisio Gandolfi, [[Lazarist]] (C.M.) (1815.08.11 – 1825.08.25) |
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* Saint Bishop [[Eugène-Charles-Joseph de Mazenod]], [[Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate]] (O.M.I.) (1832.10.01 – 1837.10.02) |
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On 10 August 1838 the titular see ceased to exist as the residential diocese was restored under the city's modern name as [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Algiers]], which was promoted on 1866.07.25 as Metropolitan Archdiocese of Algiers. |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{Reflist|2}} |
{{Reflist|2}} |
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== Sources and External links == |
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* [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/algi0.htm GCatholic Algiers Archdiocese] |
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{{Coord|36.7763|3.0585|type:city|display=title}} |
{{Coord|36.7763|3.0585|type:city|display=title}} |
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[[Category:Catholic titular sees in Africa]] |
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[[Category:History of Algiers]] |
[[Category:History of Algiers]] |
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[[Category:Former Roman Catholic dioceses in Africa]] |
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[[Category:Roman towns and cities in Algeria]] |
[[Category:Roman towns and cities in Algeria]] |
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Revision as of 11:50, 2 February 2016
Icosium was first a Phoenician, then a Roman city and bishopric (now a Latin titular see), whose site is now occupied by the casbah area of the modern city of Algiers.
History
According to Greek myth, Icosium was founded by 20 companions of Hercules,[1] the Greek name, Ικοσιον, being claimed to derive from εικοσι, the Greek word for twenty.
In fact, however, the settlement was occupied by Punic settlers from at least as early as the 3rd century BC. They called it Yksm, which is believed to have meant "owl's island", and which was eventually transcribed as Icosium in Latin.[1] The original Punic name is reflected in the modern Arabic name for Algiers (Template:Lang-ar, pronounced Al Jaza'ir), which means "the islands" [citation needed].
Icosium remained a small trading post in the Phoenician and Carthaginian periods. In 146 BC, Icosium became part of the Roman Empire. The city was given Latin rights by Roman emperor Vespasian.
The bishops of Icosium are mentioned as late as the 5th century. It remained part of the Roman Empire until the 5th century AD, when it was conquered by Vandals.
The town was later reconquered by the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantium) before the Arab conquest in the 7th century.
Ecclesiastical history
Circa 400 a Diocese of Icosium was established under Roman rule, which was suppressed circa 500, presumably by the Arian Vandals.
Titular see
In 1700 the diocese was nominally restored as titular bishopric of Icosium (Curiate Italian Icosio).
As such it had the following incumebnts, all of the fitting episcopal (lowest) rank :
- Manuel Tercero Rozas, Augustinians (O.E.S.A.) (1727.11.26 – 1752.07.04)
- Aloisio Gandolfi, Lazarist (C.M.) (1815.08.11 – 1825.08.25)
- Saint Bishop Eugène-Charles-Joseph de Mazenod, Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate (O.M.I.) (1832.10.01 – 1837.10.02)
On 10 August 1838 the titular see ceased to exist as the residential diocese was restored under the city's modern name as Roman Catholic Diocese of Algiers, which was promoted on 1866.07.25 as Metropolitan Archdiocese of Algiers.
References
- ^ a b Edward Lipiński (2004). Itineraria Phoenicia. ISBN 90-429-1344-4.
Sources and External links
36°46′35″N 3°03′31″E / 36.7763°N 3.0585°E
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