Transgender sex workers: Difference between revisions
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== Transgender Prostitution == |
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Transgender Prostitution refers to [[transgender]] peoples engagement in the [[sex industry]] and the performance of sexual services in exchange for money or other forms of payment. The term transgender refers to a diverse population whose gender identity or expression differs from their assigned sex at birth<ref>E Coleman, WO Bockting, M Botzer, ''et al.'' Standards of care for the health of transsexual, transgender, and gender-nonconforming people, version 7 Int J Transgender, 13 (2011), pp. 165–232</ref>. Transgender people experience high degrees of discrimination and carry the risk of facing high HIV risks, poverty, and violence during their work. Transgender sex workers (specifically transgender women) have a higher risk of carrying or contracting HIV. |
Transgender Prostitution refers to [[transgender]] peoples engagement in the [[sex industry]] and the performance of sexual services in exchange for money or other forms of payment. The term transgender refers to a diverse population whose gender identity or expression differs from their assigned sex at birth<ref>E Coleman, WO Bockting, M Botzer, ''et al.'' Standards of care for the health of transsexual, transgender, and gender-nonconforming people, version 7 Int J Transgender, 13 (2011), pp. 165–232</ref>. Transgender people experience high degrees of discrimination and carry the risk of facing high HIV risks, poverty, and violence during their work. Transgender sex workers (specifically transgender women) have a higher risk of carrying or contracting HIV<ref>Poteat, Tonia, et al. "HIV Risk and Preventive Interventions in Transgender Women Sex Workers." ''The Lancet'', vol. 385, no. 9964, 2015., pp. 274-286doi:http://0-dx.doi.org.wncln.wncln.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60833-3.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Operario|first=Don|last2=Too|first2=Soma|last3=Underhill|first3=Kristen|year=2008|title=Sex Work and HIV Status Among Transgender Women: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis|url=http://journals.lww.com/jaids/Fulltext/2008/05010/Sex_Work_and_HIV_Status_Among_Transgender_Women_.13.aspx|journal=JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes|volume=48|issue=1|pages=97-103|doi=10.1097/QAI.0b013e31816e3971}}</ref>. |
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== HIV Risks == |
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HIV Risks<ref>Poteat, Tonia, et al. "HIV Risk and Preventive Interventions in Transgender Women Sex Workers." ''The Lancet'', vol. 385, no. 9964, 2015., pp. 274-286doi:http://0-dx.doi.org.wncln.wncln.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60833-3.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Operario|first=Don|last2=Too|first2=Soma|last3=Underhill|first3=Kristen|year=2008|title=Sex Work and HIV Status Among Transgender Women: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis|url=http://journals.lww.com/jaids/Fulltext/2008/05010/Sex_Work_and_HIV_Status_Among_Transgender_Women_.13.aspx|journal=JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes|volume=48|issue=1|pages=97-103|doi=10.1097/QAI.0b013e31816e3971}}</ref> |
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== Healthcare Service == |
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<ref>Roche, Kirsten, and Corey Keith. "How Stigma Affects Healthcare Access For Transgender Sex Workers." ''British Journal Of Nursing'' 23.21 (2014): 1147-1152. ''CINAHL Plus with Full Text''. Web. 7 Nov. 2016.</ref> |
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== Poverty and Unemployment == |
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There are no explicit legal protections on a federal level for transgender workers based on gender identity/expression and only 17 states and the District of Columbia offer these protections. This lack of legal protection places transgender workers in a position to have higher rates of unemployment and greater risk of poverty<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.transequality.org/press/releases/transgender-workers-greater-risk-unemployment-and-poverty|title=Transgender Workers at Greater Risk for Unemployment and Poverty|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref>. |
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== Violence == |
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Participating in the sex industry comes with a higher risk of experiencing violence, <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Moorman|first=Jessica D.|last2=Harrison|first2=Kristen|year=2015|title=Gender, race, and risk: intersectional risk management in the sale of sex online|url=http://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/39361344/Moorman_Gender_Race___Risk_2015.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAJ56TQJRTWSMTNPEA&Expires=1478585403&Signature=nQzkIUMOk%2FHFBMiUCilJ7FAtxHQ%3D&response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DGender_race_and_risk_Intersectional_risk.pdf|journal=The Journal of Sex Research|volume=|pages=1-9}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Prunas|first=Antonio|last2=Clerici|first2=Alfredo Clerici|last3=Guendalina|first3=Gentile|last4=Muccino|first4=Enrico|last5=Veneroni|first5=Laura|last6=Zoja|first6=Ricardo|year=2015|title=Transphobic Murders in Italy An Overview of Homicides in Milan (Italy) in the Past Two Decades (1993-2012)|url=http://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/42983662/Transphobic_Murders_in_Italy_An_Overview20160223-6865-1t3t1p5.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAJ56TQJRTWSMTNPEA&Expires=1478586192&Signature=lwCFio6G%2BAm7hvyNhaU3vE8xlXc%3D&response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DTransphobic_Murders_in_Italy_An_Overview.pdf|journal=Journal of interpersonal violence|volume=30|issue=16|pages=2872-2885}}</ref> |
Participating in the sex industry comes with a higher risk of experiencing violence, <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Moorman|first=Jessica D.|last2=Harrison|first2=Kristen|year=2015|title=Gender, race, and risk: intersectional risk management in the sale of sex online|url=http://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/39361344/Moorman_Gender_Race___Risk_2015.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAJ56TQJRTWSMTNPEA&Expires=1478585403&Signature=nQzkIUMOk%2FHFBMiUCilJ7FAtxHQ%3D&response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DGender_race_and_risk_Intersectional_risk.pdf|journal=The Journal of Sex Research|volume=|pages=1-9}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Prunas|first=Antonio|last2=Clerici|first2=Alfredo Clerici|last3=Guendalina|first3=Gentile|last4=Muccino|first4=Enrico|last5=Veneroni|first5=Laura|last6=Zoja|first6=Ricardo|year=2015|title=Transphobic Murders in Italy An Overview of Homicides in Milan (Italy) in the Past Two Decades (1993-2012)|url=http://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/42983662/Transphobic_Murders_in_Italy_An_Overview20160223-6865-1t3t1p5.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAJ56TQJRTWSMTNPEA&Expires=1478586192&Signature=lwCFio6G%2BAm7hvyNhaU3vE8xlXc%3D&response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DTransphobic_Murders_in_Italy_An_Overview.pdf|journal=Journal of interpersonal violence|volume=30|issue=16|pages=2872-2885}}</ref>. Sex workers work in a variety of settings and are often open to exploitation, harassment, and physical and sexual abuse from managers, clients, and police<ref>[http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/BSP/GENDER/PDF/HIVGBVbackgroundreport.pdf "Addressing the links between gender-based violence and HIV in the Great Lakes region"] (PDF). ''UNESCO''. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. 2013.</ref> |
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== References == |
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<references />{{dashboard.wikiedu.org sandbox}} |
<references />{{dashboard.wikiedu.org sandbox}} |
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Revision as of 17:13, 8 November 2016
Transgender Prostitution
Transgender Prostitution refers to transgender peoples engagement in the sex industry and the performance of sexual services in exchange for money or other forms of payment. The term transgender refers to a diverse population whose gender identity or expression differs from their assigned sex at birth[1]. Transgender people experience high degrees of discrimination and carry the risk of facing high HIV risks, poverty, and violence during their work. Transgender sex workers (specifically transgender women) have a higher risk of carrying or contracting HIV[2][3].
HIV Risks
Healthcare Service
Poverty and Unemployment
There are no explicit legal protections on a federal level for transgender workers based on gender identity/expression and only 17 states and the District of Columbia offer these protections. This lack of legal protection places transgender workers in a position to have higher rates of unemployment and greater risk of poverty[5].
Violence
Participating in the sex industry comes with a higher risk of experiencing violence, [6][7]. Sex workers work in a variety of settings and are often open to exploitation, harassment, and physical and sexual abuse from managers, clients, and police[8]
References
- ^ E Coleman, WO Bockting, M Botzer, et al. Standards of care for the health of transsexual, transgender, and gender-nonconforming people, version 7 Int J Transgender, 13 (2011), pp. 165–232
- ^ Poteat, Tonia, et al. "HIV Risk and Preventive Interventions in Transgender Women Sex Workers." The Lancet, vol. 385, no. 9964, 2015., pp. 274-286doi:http://0-dx.doi.org.wncln.wncln.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60833-3.
- ^ Operario, Don; Too, Soma; Underhill, Kristen (2008). "Sex Work and HIV Status Among Transgender Women: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 48 (1): 97–103. doi:10.1097/QAI.0b013e31816e3971.
- ^ Roche, Kirsten, and Corey Keith. "How Stigma Affects Healthcare Access For Transgender Sex Workers." British Journal Of Nursing 23.21 (2014): 1147-1152. CINAHL Plus with Full Text. Web. 7 Nov. 2016.
- ^ "Transgender Workers at Greater Risk for Unemployment and Poverty".
- ^ Moorman, Jessica D.; Harrison, Kristen (2015). "Gender, race, and risk: intersectional risk management in the sale of sex online" (PDF). The Journal of Sex Research: 1–9.
- ^ Prunas, Antonio; Clerici, Alfredo Clerici; Guendalina, Gentile; Muccino, Enrico; Veneroni, Laura; Zoja, Ricardo (2015). "Transphobic Murders in Italy An Overview of Homicides in Milan (Italy) in the Past Two Decades (1993-2012)" (PDF). Journal of interpersonal violence. 30 (16): 2872–2885.
- ^ "Addressing the links between gender-based violence and HIV in the Great Lakes region" (PDF). UNESCO. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. 2013.
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