Ice XVI: Difference between revisions
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[[File:IceXVI.png|thumb|Ice XVI. White edges mark the unit cell (~17 Å).]] |
[[File:IceXVI.png|thumb|Ice XVI. White edges mark the unit cell (~17 Å).]] |
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'''Ice XVI''' is the least dense (0.81 g/cm{{sup|3}})<ref name="falenty2014" /> experimentally obtained crystalline form of [[ice]]. It is topologically equivalent to the empty structure of [[Clathrate hydrate#Structure|sII]] [[clathrate hydrates]]. It was first obtained in 2014 by removing gas molecules from a [[neon clathrate]] under vacuum at temperatures below 147 K.<ref name="falenty2014">{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1038/nature14014| pmid = 25503235| title = Formation and properties of ice XVI obtained by emptying a type sII clathrate hydrate| journal = Nature| volume = 516| issue = 7530| pages = 231| year = 2014| last1 = Falenty | first1 = A. | last2 = Hansen | first2 = T. C. | last3 = Kuhs | first3 = W. F. | bibcode = 2014Natur.516..231F}}{{closed access}}</ref> The resulting empty water frame, ice XVI, is thermodynamically unstable at the experimental conditions, yet it can be preserved at cryogenic temperatures. Above 145–147 K at positive pressures ice XVI transforms into the stacking-faulty [[Ice Ic|Ice I<sub>c</sub>]] and further into ordinary [[Ice Ih|Ice I<sub>h</sub>]] . Theoretical studies predict Ice XVI to be thermodynamically stable at negative pressures (that is under [[tension (physics)|tension]]).<ref name="conde2009">{{cite journal|last1=Conde|first1=M.M.|last2=Vega|first2=C.|last3=Tribello|first3=G.A.|last4=Slater|first4=B.|title=The phase diagram of water at negative pressures: Virtual ices|journal=[[J. Chem. Phys.|The Journal of Chemical Physics]]|date=2009|volume=131|issue=034510|doi=10.1063/1.3182727}}{{closed access}}</ref><ref name="jacobson2009">{{cite journal|last1=Jacobson|first1=Liam C.|last2=Hujo|first2=Waldemar|last3=Molinero|first3=Valeria|title=Thermodynamic Stability and Growth of Guest-Free Clathrate Hydrates: A Low-Density Crystal Phase of Water|journal=[[J. Phys. Chem. B|Journal of Physical Chemistry B]]|date=2009|volume=113|issue=30|pages=10298–10307|doi=10.1021/jp903439a}}{{closed access}}</ref> |
'''Ice XVI''' is the least dense (0.81 g/cm{{sup|3}})<ref name="falenty2014" /> experimentally obtained crystalline form of [[ice]]. It is topologically equivalent to the empty structure of [[Clathrate hydrate#Structure|sII]] [[clathrate hydrates]]. It was first obtained in 2014 by removing gas molecules from a [[neon clathrate]] under vacuum at temperatures below 147 K.<ref name="falenty2014">{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1038/nature14014| pmid = 25503235| title = Formation and properties of ice XVI obtained by emptying a type sII clathrate hydrate| journal = Nature| volume = 516| issue = 7530| pages = 231| year = 2014| last1 = Falenty | first1 = A. | last2 = Hansen | first2 = T. C. | last3 = Kuhs | first3 = W. F. | bibcode = 2014Natur.516..231F}}{{closed access}}</ref> The resulting empty water frame, ice XVI, is thermodynamically unstable at the experimental conditions, yet it can be preserved at cryogenic temperatures. Above 145–147 K at positive pressures ice XVI transforms into the stacking-faulty [[Ice Ic|Ice I<sub>c</sub>]] and further into ordinary [[Ice Ih|Ice I<sub>h</sub>]] . Theoretical studies predict Ice XVI to be thermodynamically stable at negative pressures (that is under [[tension (physics)|tension]]).<ref name="conde2009">{{cite journal|last1=Conde|first1=M.M.|last2=Vega|first2=C.|last3=Tribello|first3=G.A.|last4=Slater|first4=B.|title=The phase diagram of water at negative pressures: Virtual ices|journal=[[J. Chem. Phys.|The Journal of Chemical Physics]]|date=2009|volume=131|issue=34510|pages=034510|doi=10.1063/1.3182727}}{{closed access}}</ref><ref name="jacobson2009">{{cite journal|last1=Jacobson|first1=Liam C.|last2=Hujo|first2=Waldemar|last3=Molinero|first3=Valeria|title=Thermodynamic Stability and Growth of Guest-Free Clathrate Hydrates: A Low-Density Crystal Phase of Water|journal=[[J. Phys. Chem. B|Journal of Physical Chemistry B]]|date=2009|volume=113|issue=30|pages=10298–10307|doi=10.1021/jp903439a}}{{closed access}}</ref> |
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[[File:Water phase diagram extended to negative pressurs.png|thumb|Water phase diagram extended to negative pressures calculated with TIP4P/2005 model |
[[File:Water phase diagram extended to negative pressurs.png|thumb|Water phase diagram extended to negative pressures calculated with TIP4P/2005 model.<ref name="conde2009"/>]] |
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ICE 16-ot szoktam szarni! |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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Revision as of 22:11, 14 January 2017
Ice XVI is the least dense (0.81 g/cm3)[1] experimentally obtained crystalline form of ice. It is topologically equivalent to the empty structure of sII clathrate hydrates. It was first obtained in 2014 by removing gas molecules from a neon clathrate under vacuum at temperatures below 147 K.[1] The resulting empty water frame, ice XVI, is thermodynamically unstable at the experimental conditions, yet it can be preserved at cryogenic temperatures. Above 145–147 K at positive pressures ice XVI transforms into the stacking-faulty Ice Ic and further into ordinary Ice Ih . Theoretical studies predict Ice XVI to be thermodynamically stable at negative pressures (that is under tension).[2][3]
References
- ^ a b Falenty, A.; Hansen, T. C.; Kuhs, W. F. (2014). "Formation and properties of ice XVI obtained by emptying a type sII clathrate hydrate". Nature. 516 (7530): 231. Bibcode:2014Natur.516..231F. doi:10.1038/nature14014. PMID 25503235.
- ^ a b Conde, M.M.; Vega, C.; Tribello, G.A.; Slater, B. (2009). "The phase diagram of water at negative pressures: Virtual ices". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 131 (34510): 034510. doi:10.1063/1.3182727.
- ^ Jacobson, Liam C.; Hujo, Waldemar; Molinero, Valeria (2009). "Thermodynamic Stability and Growth of Guest-Free Clathrate Hydrates: A Low-Density Crystal Phase of Water". Journal of Physical Chemistry B. 113 (30): 10298–10307. doi:10.1021/jp903439a.
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