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Rape is federally defined as such^[1]:Overview

Penetration, no matter how slight, of the vagina or anus with any body part or object, or oral penetration by a sex organ of another person, without the consent of the victim.
— Uniform Crime Report

Overview

The rape laws in the several United States jurisdictions are very different, making difficult to list the different punishments for rape afross the Union.

There is important factor to consider while informing about these laws:

Coker v. Georgia and Kennedy v. Louisiana overturned much of the capital statutes in cases where the victim survived
Per Lawrence v. Texas, sodomy statutes only apply to cases where the act isn't consensual

Federal

Civilian

Federal law applies in Federal (?) and interborder cases^[2]:

Offense	Article	Mandatory sentencing
Sexual abuse	18 U.S. Code § 2242	Life without parole^{[Note 1]} or any other term
Aggravated sexual abuse by force or threat	18 U.S. Code § 2241(a)	Life without parole or any other term
Aggravated sexual abuse by other means	18 U.S. Code § 2241(b)	Life without parole or any other term
Aggravated sexual abuse with children	18 U.S. Code § 2241(c)	Life imprisonmnt withut paole

Military

Source:

Offense	Article	Mandatory sentencing
Rape	10 U.S. Code § 920 - Art. 120(a)	"as a court-martial may direct"^{[Note 2]}
Forcible Sodomy	10 U.S. Code § 925 - Art. 125(a)	Life without parole or any other term

District of Columbia

In the District of Columbia, "sexual act" means "sexual intercourse"^[3].

Offense	Article	Mandatory sentencing
First Degree Sexual Abuse	DC Code § 22–3002	20 years and below
Second Degree Sexual Abuse	DC Code § 22–3003	Life imprisonment or any other term
First degree child sexual abuse	DC Code § 22–3008	Life imprisonmnt withut paole
First degree sexual abuse of a secondary education student	DC Code § 22–3009.03	10 years and below
First degree sexual abuse of a ward, patient, client, or prisoner	DC Code § 22–3013	10 years and below
First degree sexual abuse of a patient or client	DC Code § 22–3015	10 years and below

By states

Alabama

Alabama divide its dispositions against forced sexual intercourse in sodomy and rape; in addition, the crime of "sexual torture" describes "rape by instrumentation"^[4]^[5].

Offense	Article	Mandatory sentencing
Rape in the first degree	AL Code § 13A-6-61	Between 10 and 99 years, or life
Rape in the second degree	AL Code § 13A-6-62	Between 2 and 20 years
Sodomy in the first degree	AL Code § 13A-6-63	Between 10 and 99 years, or life
Sodomy in the second degree	AL Code § 13A-6-64	Between 2 and 20 years
Sexual torture	AL Code § 13A-6-65.1	Between 10 and 99 years, or life

Alaska

Source:

Offense	Article	Mandatory sentencing
Sexual assault in the first degree	AS §11.41.410	99 years or less^{[Note 3]}
Sexual assault in the second degree	AS §11.41.420	99 years or less
Sexual assault in the third degree	AS §11.41.425	99 years or less
Sexual assault in the fourth degree	AS §11.41.427	1 year or less
Sexual abuse of a minor in the first degree	AS §11.41.434	Between 20 to 99 years
Sexual abuse of a minor in the second degree	AS §11.41.436	Between 5 to 99 years
Sexual abuse of a minor in the third degree	AS §11.41.438	5 years or less
Sexual abuse of a minor in the fourth degree	AS §11.41.440	1 year or less

Arizona

Arizona sentencing laws make the prison term depending from several factors such as the age of the victim or the criminal record of the offender.^[6]

Offense	Article	Mandatory sentencing
Sexual conduct with a minor when victim under 15	Ariz. Rev. Stat. Ann. §13-1405	Between 13 and 27 years
Sexual conduct with a minor when victim between 15 and 18	Ariz. Rev. Stat. Ann. §13-1405	Between 3 and 8.775 years
Sexual conduct with a minor in all other cases	Ariz. Rev. Stat. Ann. §13-1405	Between 6 months and 2.5 years
Unlawful sexual conduct by adult probation department employees or juvenile court employees when victim between 15 and 18	Ariz. Rev. Stat. Ann. §13-1409	Between 3 and 8.775 years
Unlawful sexual conduct by adult probation department employees or juvenile court employees in all other cases	Ariz. Rev. Stat. Ann. §13-1409	Between 6 months and 2.5 years
Unlawful sexual conduct by peace officers when victim under 15	Ariz. Rev. Stat. Ann. §13-1412	Between 13 and 27 years
Unlawful sexual conduct by peace officers when victim between 15 and 18	Ariz. Rev. Stat. Ann. §13-1412	Between 3 and 8.775 years
Unlawful sexual conduct by peace officers in all other cases	Ariz. Rev. Stat. Ann. §13-1412	Between 6 months and 2.5 years
Unlawful sexual conduct in correctional facilities by employee when victim under 15	Ariz. Rev. Stat. Ann. §13-1419	Between 13 and 27 years
Unlawful sexual conduct in correctional facilities by employee when victim between 15 and 18	Ariz. Rev. Stat. Ann. §13-1419	Between 3 and 8.775 years
Unlawful sexual conduct in correctional facilities by employee in all other cases	Ariz. Rev. Stat. Ann. §13-1419	Between 6 months and 2.5 years

Arkansas

Source:^[7]

Offense	Article	Mandatory sentencing
Rape	§5-14-103	Life or between 10 and 40 years^{[Note 4]}
Sexual assault in the first degree	§5-14-124 §5-14-124	Between 6 and 30 years
Sexual assault in the second degree	§5-14-125(B)(b)(1)	Between 5 and 20 years
Sexual assault in the second degree when victim under 14 and not married to the offender	§5-14-125(B)(b)(2)	6 years or less
Sexual assault in the third degree	§5-14-126	Between 3 and 10 years
Sexual assault in the fourth degree	§5-14-127(a)(1)(A	6 years or less

California

California separates rape, sodomy and rape by instrumentation.^[8]

Offense	Article	Mandatory sentencing
Rape	Cal. Penal Code §261, Cal. Penal Code §264(a)	3, 6 or 8 years
Rape when victim under 14	Cal. Penal Code §261, Cal. Penal Code §264(c)(1)	9, 11 or 13 years
Rape when victim between 14 and 18	Cal. Penal Code §261, Cal. Penal Code §264(c)(2)	7, 9 or 11 years
Rape of a spouse	Cal. Penal Code §262, Cal. Penal Code §264(a)	3, 6 or 8 years
Rape of a spouse when victim under 14	Cal. Penal Code §262, Cal. Penal Code §264(c)(1)	9, 11 or 13 years
Rape of a spouse when victim between 14 and 18	Cal. Penal Code §262, Cal. Penal Code §264(c)(2)	7, 9 or 11 years
Sodomy	Cal. Penal Code §286	Depends from the circumstances^{[Note 5]}
Oral copulation	Cal. Penal Code §288a	Depends from the circumstances^{[Note 6]}
Forcible Acts of Sexual Penetration	Cal. Penal Code §289	Depends from the circumstances^{[Note 7]}

Colorado

Sexual assault describe rape in the law of Colorado, and several factors make this crime, normally classified as class 3 felony, to be punished more harshly.^[9]

Offense	Article	Mandatory sentencing
Sexual assault	Colo. Rev. Stat. §18-3-402(2)	Between 2 and 6 years, followed by 3 years of parole
Sexual assault when violence is threatened or used or when victim drugged	Colo. Rev. Stat. §18-3-402(3.5)	Between 4 and 12 years, followed by 5 years of parole
Sexual assault when victim suffers serious bodily injury or when offender armed or assisted by others	Colo. Rev. Stat. §18-3-402(5)	Between 8 and 24 years, followed by 5 years of parole

Connecticut

Source:^[10]

Offense	Article	Mandatory sentencing
Sexual assault in the first degree	Conn. Gen. Stat. Ann. §53a-70	Between 1 and 20 years
Aggravated sexual assault in the first degree	Conn. Gen. Stat. Ann. §53a-70a	At least 10 years
Aggravated sexual assault in the first degree when victim under 16	Conn. Gen. Stat. Ann. §53a-70a	At least 10 years
Sexual assault in the second degree	Conn. Gen. Stat. Ann. §53a-71	Between 1 and 10 years
Sexual assault in the second degree when victim under 16	Conn. Gen. Stat. Ann. §53a-71	Between 1 and 20 years
Sexual assault in the third degree	Conn. Gen. Stat. Ann. §53a-72a	Between 1 and 5 years
Sexual assault in the third degree when victim under 16	Conn. Gen. Stat. Ann. §53a-72a	Between 1 and 10 years

Delaware

In Delaware, rape is divided in four degrees.^[11]

Offense	Article	Mandatory sentencing
Rape in the fourth degree	Del. Code Ann. tit. 11, § 770	15 years or less
Rape in the third degree	Del. Code Ann. tit. 11, § 771	Between 2 and 25 years
Rape in the second degree	Del. Code Ann. tit. 11, § 772	At least 10 years
Rape in the first degree	Del. Code Ann. tit. 11, § 773	Life or at least 15 years

Florida

In Florida, rape is denominated "sexual battery."

Of note, the offense of capital sexual battery recover cases where the offender is above 18 and the victum below 12^[12].

Offense	Article	Mandatory sentencing
Statutory sexual battery	Fla. Stat. § 794.011(8)(a)	5 years or less
Sexual battery	Fla. Stat. § 794.011(2)(b), Fla. Stat. § 794.011(5)(b), Fla. Stat. § 794.011(5)(c)	15 years or less
Aggravated sexual battery	Fla. Stat. § 794.011(2)(b), Fla. Stat. § 794.011(3), Fla. Stat. § 794.011(2)(b)	LWOP
Capital sexual battery	Fla. Stat. § 794.011(2)(a)	Death^{[Note 8]} or LWOP
Sodomy	Fla. Stat. § 800.02	60 days or less^{[Note 9]}

Georgia

In Georgia, the offense of rape is consolidated in only one offense, and a separate charge of sodomy has been defined^[13].

Offense	Article	Mandatory sentencing
Rape	Ga. Code Ann. § 16-6-1	Death^{[Note 8]}, LWOP, life with parole or any sentence less than 25 followed by life probation
Aggravated sodomy	Ga. Code Ann. § 16-6-2(a)(2)	Life or any term not above 25 followed by life probation
Statutory rape	Ga. Code Ann. § 16-6-3	If offender above 21 then between 10 and 20 years If victim between 14 and 16 and offender below 18 and no more than four years older than the victim then it is a misdemeanor Else, between 1 and 20 years

Hawaii

In Hawaii, the offense of sexual assault has been divided in three degrees, whose the three firsts are relevant to this article.^[14]

Offense	Article	Mandatory sentencing
Sexual assault in the first degree	Haw. Rev. Stat. § 707-730	20 years or less
Sexual assault in the second degree	Haw. Rev. Stat. § 707-731	10 years or less
Sexual assault in the third degree	Haw. Rev. Stat. § 707-732	5 years or less

Idaho

Idaho defines, besides classical rape, marital rape.^[15]

Offense	Article	Mandatory Sentencing
Rape	Idaho Code Ann. § 18-6101	Life or more than 1 year
Rape of spouse	Idaho Code Ann. § 18-6107	Life or more than 1 year
Infamous crime against nature	Idaho Code Ann. § 18-6605	Life or more than 5 years

Illinois

In Illinois, the term of "criminal sexual assault" is used to describe what would be termed rape in the usual language.^[16]

Offense	Article	Mandatory sentencing
Criminal Sexual Assault	Ch. 720 Ill. Comp. Stat. 5/11-1.20	Between 4 and 15 years^{[Note 10]}
Aggravated Criminal Sexual Assault	Ch. 720 Ill. Comp. Stat. 5/11-1.30	Between 6 and 30 years^{[Note 11]}
Predatory Criminal Sexual Assault of a Child	Ch. 720 Ill. Comp. Stat. 5/11-1.40	Between 6 and 30 years^{[Note 12]}

Indiana

In Indiana, there is only one separate disposition for the crime of rape, on which, if needed, are applied aggravating circumstances.^[17]

Offense	Article	Mandatory sentencing
Rape	Ind. Code § 35-42-4-1	Between 3 and 16 years
Aggravated rape	Ind. Code § 35-42-4-1(b)	Between 20 and 40 years
Child Seduction with sexual intercourse	Ind. Code § 35-42-4-7(q)(2)	Between 1 and 6 years

Iowa

In Iowa, there is three degrees of rape.^[18]

Offense	Article	Mandatory sentencing
Sexual Abuse in the First Degree	Iowa Code § 709.2	Life without parole
Sexual Abuse in the Second Degree	Iowa Code § 709.3	25 years or less
Sexual Abuse in the Third Degree	Iowa Code § 709.4	10 years or less

Kansas

In addition to the different categories of statutory rape, there is only one category of rape in Kansas.^[19]

Offense	Article	Mandatory sentencing
Rape	KAN. STAT. ANN. § 21-5503	Variable^{[Note 13]}
Indecent Liberties with a Child	KAN. STAT. ANN. 21-5506(a)	Severity level 5, person felony
Aggravated Indecent Liberties with a Child	KAN. STAT. ANN. §§ 21-5503 et sequential	Variable^{[Note 14]}
Criminal Sodomy	KAN. STAT. ANN. § 21-5504	Variable^{[Note 9]}^{[Note 15]}
Aggravated Criminal Sodomy	KAN. STAT. ANN. § 21-5504	Variable^{[Note 15]}

Kentucky

The law in Kentucky separates rape and sodomy, both divided in three degrees.^[20]

Offense	Article	Mandatory sentencing
Aggravated Rape in the First Degree	KY. REV. STAT. ANN. § 510.040	Between 10 and 20 years
Rape in the First Degree	KY. REV. STAT. ANN. § 510.040	Life or between 20 and 50 years
Rape in the Second Degree	KY. REV. STAT. ANN. § 510.050	Between 5 and 10 years
Rape in the Third Degree	KY. REV. STAT. ANN. § 510.060	Between 1 and 5 years
Aggravated Sodomy in the First Degree	KY. REV. STAT. ANN. § 510.070	Between 10 and 20 years
Sodomy in the First Degree	KY. REV. STAT. ANN. § 510.070	Life or between 20 and 50 years
Sodomy in the Second Degree	KY. REV. STAT. ANN. § 510.080	Between 5 and 10 years
Sodomy in the Third Degree	KY. REV. STAT. ANN. § 510.090	Between 1 and 5 years

Louisiana

Louisiana has didived the offense of rape in three degrees^[21].

Its capital child rape status was overturned by the Supreme Court in Kennedy v. Louisiana.

Offense	Article	Mandatory sentencing
First Degree Rape	LA. REV. STAT. ANN. § 14:42	Life without parole
First Degree Rape on child under 13	LA. REV. STAT. ANN. § 14:42 D. (2)(a)	Death^{[Note 8]} or life without parole
Second Degree Rape	LA. REV. STAT. ANN. § 14:42.1	Between 5 and 20 years
Third Degree Rape	LA. REV. STAT. ANN. § 14:43	25 or less

Maine

In Maine, rape is denominated "Gross Sexual Assault."^[22]

Offense	Article	Mandatory sentencing
Manslaughter	ME. REV. STAT. tit. 17A, § 253	Variable^{[Note 16]}

Maryland

In Maryland, rape, divided in two degrees, is restricted to non consented vaginal penetration while sexual offenses, divided in four degrees, include sexual acts in the two first degrees, here defined by any forced penetration.^[23]

Offense	Article	Mandatory sentencing
Rape in the First Degree	Md. Code Ann., Criminal Law § 3-303	Life without parole or any other term
Rape in the Second Degree	Md. Code Ann., Criminal Law § 3-304	20 years or less
Aggravated Rape in the Second Degree	Md. Code Ann., Criminal Law § 3-304(c)(2)	Life or any term above 15 years
Sexual Offense in the First Degree	Md. Code Ann., Criminal Law § 3-305	Life or any other term
Aggravated Sexual Offense in the First Degree	Md. Code Ann., Criminal Law § 3-305(d)(2)-(4)	Life without parole or any other term
Sexual Offense in the Second Degree	Md. Code Ann., Criminal Law § 3-306	20 years or less
Aggravated Sexual Offense in the Second Degree	Md. Code Ann., Criminal Law § 3-306(c)(2)	Life or more than 15 years

Massachusetts

Seevral different statutes define rape in Massachusetts.^[24]

Offense	Article	Mandatory sentencing
Rape	MASS. GEN. LAWS. ANN. ch. 265, § 22	Life or any term^{[Note 17]}
Rape of a Child	MASS. GEN. LAWS. ANN. ch. 265, § 22A	Life or any term
Rape of a Child During Commission of Certain Offenses	MASS. GEN. LAWS. ANN. ch. 265, § 22B	Life or any term above 15 years
Rape of a Child by Previously Convicted Offenders	MASS. GEN. LAWS. ANN. ch. 265, § 22C	Life or any term above 20 years
Statutory Rape	MASS. GEN. LAWS. ANN. ch. 265, § 23	Life or any term
Aggravated Statutory Rape of a Child	MASS. GEN. LAWS. ANN. ch. 265, § 23A	Life or any term above 10 years
Statutory Rape of a Child by Previously Convicted Offenders	MASS. GEN. LAWS. ANN. ch. 265, § 23B	Life or any term above 15 years
Crime against nature^{[Note 9]}	MASS. GEN. LAWS. ANN. ch. 272, § 34	20 years or less

Michigan

In Michigan, the offense of rape is contained into the offenses of Criminal Sexual Conduct.^[25]

Offense	Article	Mandatory sentencing
Crime against nature^{[Note 9]}	MICH. COMP. LAWS ANN. § 750.158	Life or any term
Criminal Sexual Conduct in the First Degree	MICH. COMP. LAWS ANN. § 750.520b	Life or any term
Criminal Sexual Conduct in the Second Degree	MICH. COMP. LAWS ANN. § 750.520c	15 years or less
Criminal Sexual Conduct in the Third Degree	MICH. COMP. LAWS ANN. § 750.520d	15 years or less
Criminal Sexual Conduct in the Fourth Degree	MICH. COMP. LAWS ANN. § 750.520e	2 years or less

Minnesota

In Minnesota the offense of is divided in five degrees, of whose the first three recover rape.^[26]

Offense	Article	Mandatory sentencing
Criminal Sexual Conduct in the First Degree	Minn. Stat. § 609.342	30 years or less
Criminal Sexual Conduct in the Second Degree	Minn. Stat. § 609.343	25 years or less
Criminal Sexual Conduct in the Third Degree	Minn. Stat. § 609.344	15 years or less

Mississippi

Several disparate statutes are appliable to the crime of rape.^[27]

Offense	Article	Mandatory sentencing
Rape by drugging	Miss. Code Ann. § 97-3-65(4)	Life or any term
Rape or Assault with Intent to Ravish	Miss. Code Ann. § 97-3-71	Life or any term
Sexual Battery	Miss. Code Ann. § 97-3-95	20 years or less^{[Note 18]}
Statutory Rape	Miss. Code Ann. § 97-3-65	Life or any term^[28]
Unnatural Intercourse^{[Note 9]}	Miss. Code Ann. § 97-29-59	10 years or less

Missouri

In Missouri, both rape and statutory rape, along with sodomy, are divided in two degrees.^[29]

Offense	Article	Mandatory sentencing
First Degree Rape	Mo. Rev. Stat. § 566.030	Life or any sentence above 5 years
Second Degree Rape	Mo. Rev. Stat. § 566.031	7 years or less
Statutory Rape in the First Degree	Mo. Rev. Stat. § 566.032	Life or any sentence above 5 years
Statutory Rape in the Second Degree	Mo. Rev. Stat. § 566.034	7 years or less
Sodomy in the First Degree	Mo. Rev. Stat. § 566.060	Life or any sentence above 5 years
Sodomy in the Second Degree	Mo. Rev. Stat. § 566.061	7 years or less

Montana

In Montana rape is denominated Sexual Intercourse Without Consent.^[30]

Offense	Article	Mandatory sentencing
Sexual Intercourse Without Consent	Mont. Code Anno. § 45-5-503	Life or between 2 and 100 years
Second conviction for sexual intercourse without consent when both accompanied by serious bodily injury	Mont. Code Anno. § 45-5-503(3)(c)	Death^{[Note 8]} or LWOP

Nebraska

In Nebraska the first degrees of several sex offenses recover cases of rape.^[31]

Offense	Article	Mandatory sentencing
Sexual Assault in the First Degree	R.R.S. Neb. § 28-319	Between 1 and 50 years
Sexual Assault of a Child in the First Degree	R.S.S. Neb. § 28-319.01	Life or at least 20 years
Sexual Assault of an Inmate or Parolee in the First Degree	R.R.S. Neb. § 28-322	20 years or less

Nevada

In Nevada, the offense of rape is denominated Sexual Assault.^[32]

Offense	Article	Mandatory sentencing
Sexual Assault	Nev. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 200.366	Life with a minimum of 10 years
Sexual Assault causing substantial bodily harm	Nev. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 200.366(2)(a)	LWOP or lifewith a minimum of 10 years
Statutory Sexual Seduction when offender above 21	Nev. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 200.368(1)	Between 1 and 10 years
Statutory Sexual Seduction when offender under 21	Nev. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 200.368(2)	1 year and less

New Hampshire

In New Hampshire, rape is denominated Sexual Assault.^[33]

Offense	Article	Mandatory sentencing
Aggravated Felonious Sexual Assault	RSA 632-A:2	Between 10 and 20 years
Felonious Sexual Assault	RSA 632-A:3	Between 1 and 7 years
Sexual Assault	RSA 632-A:4	1 year and less

New Jersey

In New Jersey, rape is covered as Aggravated Sexual Assault in the First Degree.^[34]

Offense	Article	Mandatory sentencing
Aggravated Sexual Assault in the First Degree	N.J.S.A. 2C:14-2(a)	Life with at least 25 years served or a term of 25 years and less

New Mexico

In New Mexico the offense of rape is punished as Criminal Sexual Penetration, itself divided in four degrees.^[35]

Offense	Article	Mandatory sentencing
Criminal Sexual Penetration in the First Degree	N.M. Stat. Ann. § 30-9-11(D)	18 years
Criminal Sexual Penetration in the Second Degree	N.M. Stat. Ann. § 30-9-11(E)	15 years
Criminal Sexual Penetration in the Third Degree	N.M. Stat. Ann. § 30-9-11(F)	3 years
Criminal Sexual Penetration in the Fourth Degree	N.M. Stat. Ann. § 30-9-11(G)	18 months

New York

In New York the crime of rape and Criminal Sexual Act are divided in three degrees; moreover, the offense of "Sexual Misconduct" describe any sexual act done without the victim's consent.^[36]

Offense	Article	Mandatory sentencing
Sexual Misconduct	N.Y. Penal Law § 130.20	1 year or less
Rape in the Third Degree	N.Y. Penal Law § 130.25	Between 18 months and 4 years
Rape in the Second Degree	N.Y. Penal Law § 130.30	Between 2 and 7 years
Rape in the First Degree	N.Y. Penal Law § 130.35	Between 5 and 25 years
Criminal Sexual Act in the Third Degree	N.Y. Penal Law § 130.40	Between 18 months and 4 years
Criminal Sexual Act in the Second Degree	N.Y. Penal Law § 130.45	Between 2 and 7 years
Criminal Sexual Act in the First Degree	N.Y. Penal Law § 130.50	Between 5 and 25 years
Aggravated Sexual Abuse in the Fourth Degree	N.Y. Penal Law § 130.65-a	Between 18 months and 4 years
Aggravated Sexual Abuse in the Third Degree	N.Y. Penal Law § 130.66	Between 2 and 7 years
Aggravated Sexual Abuse in the Second Degree	N.Y. Penal Law § 130.67	Between 3.5 and 15 years
Aggravated Sexual Abuse in the First Degree	N.Y. Penal Law § 130.70	Between 5 and 15 years

North Carolina

In North Carolina, the offenses of Rape and Sexual Offense recover cases of forced penetration.^[37]

The Constitution of North Carolina ranks rape among the crimes which can be punished by death, although Kennedy v. Louisiana restricts the range of capital crimes to homicides and crimes against the State.^[38]

Offense	Article	Mandatory sentencing
First Degree Forcible Rape	N.C. Gen. Stat. Ann. § 14-27.21	LWOP, life with parole or a prison term of at least 12 years
Second Degree Forcible Rape	N.C. Gen. Stat. Ann. § 14-27.22	From 3 years and 8 months to 15 years and 2 months
Statutory Rape of a Child by an Adult	N.C. Gen. Stat. Ann. § 14-27.23	LWOP, life with parole or a prison term of at least 25 years After serving his sentence, the convict shall be under lifelong satellite-based monitoring
First Degree Statutory Rape	N.C. Gen. Stat. Ann. § 14-27.24	LWOP, life with parole or a prison term of at least 25 years After serving his sentence, the convict shall be under lifelong satellite-based monitoring
Statutory Rape of a Person Who Is 15 Years of Age or Younger	N.C. Gen. Stat. Ann. § 14-27.25	LWOP, life with parole or a prison term of at least 12 years
First Degree Forcible Sexual Offense	N.C. Gen. Stat. Ann. § 14-27.26	LWOP, life with parole or a prison term of at least 12 years
Second Degree Forcible Sexual Offense	N.C. Gen. Stat. Ann. § 14-27.27	From 3 years and 8 months to 15 years and 2 months
Statutory Sexual Offense of a Child by an Adult	N.C. Gen. Stat. Ann. § 14-27.28	LWOP, life with parole or a prison term of at least 25 years After serving his sentence, the convict shall be under lifelong satellite-based monitoring
First Degree Statutory Sexual Offense	N.C. Gen. Stat. Ann. § 14-27.29	LWOP, life with parole or a prison term of at least 25 years After serving his sentence, the convict shall be under lifelong satellite-based monitoring
Statutory Sexual Offense of a Person Who Is 15 Years of Age or Younger	N.C. Gen. Stat. Ann. § 14-27.30	LWOP, life with parole or a prison term of at least 12 years

North Dakota

In North Dakota, rape is defined as Gross Sexual Imposition, although several other crimes describe cases of statutory rape.^[39]

Offense	Article	Mandatory sentencing
Gross Sexual Imposition when author at least 22 or when the victim suffered serious bodily injury	N.D. Cent. Code Ann. § 12.1-20-03(3)(a)	LWOP, life or prison term at least 20 years followed with probation
Gross Sexual Imposition	N.D. Cent. Code Ann. § 12.1-20-03(3)(b)	20 years or less
Gross Sexual Imposition causing death	N.D. Cent. Code Ann. § 12.1-20-03(4)	LWOP
Continuous Sexual Abuse of a Child when author above 22	N.D. Cent. Code Ann. § 12.1-20-03.1	LWOP or any lesser sentence
Continuous Sexual Abuse of a Child when author below 22	N.D. Cent. Code Ann. § 12.1-20-03.1	20 years or less
Sexual Imposition	N.D. Cent. Code Ann. § 12.1-20-04	10 years or less
Corruption or Solicitation of Minors when victim above 15	N.D. Cent. Code Ann. § 12.1-20-05(1)	1 year or less
Corruption or Solicitation of Minors	N.D. Cent. Code Ann. § 12.1-20-05(2)	5 years or less
Corruption or Solicitation of Minors when victim above 15 within 50 feet (15.24 meters) of a school	N.D. Cent. Code Ann. § 12.1-20-05(3)	5 years or less
Corruption or Solicitation of Minors within 50 feet (15.24 meters) of a school	N.D. Cent. Code Ann. § 12.1-20-05(3)	10 years or less
Sexual Abuse of Wards	N.D. Cent. Code Ann. § 12.1-20-06	5 years or less

Ohio

In Ohio, the offenses of Rape and Sexual Battery are relevant to this article.^[40]

Offense	Article	Mandatory sentencing
Rape	Ohio Rev. Code Ann. § 2907.02	Between 3 and 11 years
Rape when victim drugged	Ohio Rev. Code Ann. § 2907.02(A)(1)(a)	Between 5 and 11 years
Rape of victim under 13	Ohio Rev. Code Ann. § 2907.02(A)(1)(b)	Life
Rape of victim under 13 when offender under 16	Ohio Rev. Code Ann. § 2907.02(A)(1)(b)	At least 25 years
Rape of victim under 13 when offender already convicted for the same act, when serious physical harm has been inflicted or when victim under 10	Ohio Rev. Code Ann. § 2907.02(A)(1)(b)	LWOP
Sexual Battery	Ohio Rev. Code Ann. § 2907.03	Between 9 months to 5 years
Sexual Battery when victim under 13	Ohio Rev. Code Ann. § 2907.03	Between 2 and 8 years

Oklahoma

Oklahoma divides the offense of rape in two degrees and enacted a capital version of the Jessica's Law.^[41]

Offense	Article	Mandatory sentencing
Rape in the First Degree	Okla. Stat. Ann. tit. 21, §§ 1114, 1112	Death^{[Note 8]}, LWOP, life with parole or term of at least 5 years
Rape in the First Degree with priors	Okla. Stat. Ann. tit. 21, §§ 1114, 1112	LWOP
Rape in the First Degree on victim under 14 after having been previously convicted for sex offenses against children	Okla. Stat. Ann. tit. 21, §§ 1114, 1112	Death^{[Note 8]} or life imprisonment
Okla. Stat. Ann. tit. 21, § 1114; 1112	Okla. Stat. Ann. tit. 21, §§ 1114; 1112	Between 1 and 15 years
Forcible Sodomy	Okla. Stat. Ann. tit. 21, § 888	20 years or less
Forcible Sodomy with two priors of sex offenses	Okla. Stat. Ann. tit. 21, § 888	LWOP or life with parole
Forcible Sodomy of victim under 14 after having been previously convicted for sex offenses against children	Okla. Stat. Ann. tit. 21, § 888	Death^{[Note 8]} or life imprisonment

Oregon

Offense	Mandatory sentencing
Second Degree Murder	25 years to Life
Aggravated Murder	Death Penalty, Life without Parole, or Life with parole eligibility after 30 years

Pennsylvania

Offense	Mandatory sentence
Third Degree Murder	20–40 years, 5–40 years in the case of person dying from using drugs delivered to them
Second Degree Murder	Life without parole
First Degree Murder	Death Penalty or Life without parole

Rhode Island

Offense	Mandatory sentence
Second Degree Murder	Life or no less than 10 years
First Degree Murder	Life without parole or Life (parole eligibility after 15 years)

South Carolina

Offense	Mandatory sentencing
Involuntary Manslaughter	Maximum of 5 years
Voluntary Manslaughter	Maximum of 30 years
Murder	Death, Life without parole, or no less than 30 years

South Dakota

Offense	Mandatory sentencing
Second Degree Murder	20 years, 25 years or Life Without Parole
First Degree Murder	Death penalty or Life without parole

Tennessee

Offense	Mandatory sentencing
Second Degree Murder	Imprisonment for not less than 15 years nor more than 60.
First Degree Murder	Death, Life without parole, or 60 years with a possible 15% reduction for sentencing credits. ^[42] years

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming

Notes and references

Notes

^ Since 1986, there is no parole in the federal system.
^ (?)
^ For the first offense, presumptive ranges are as follows: If the victim is less than 13 years of age: 25 to 35 years imprisonment. If the victim is 13 years of age or older: 20 to 30 years imprisonment. If the offender used a dangerous instrument, a firearm, or caused serious physical injury: 25 to 35 years imprisonment. Offenders who have been previously convicted of felonies face additional time in prison.
^ Minimum of 25 years if victim below 14.
^ with a victim under 18 years of age (punishable by up to one year imprisonment); with a victim where the offender is over the age of 21 and the victim is under 16 (punishable as a felony); with a victim who is under 14 years of age and more than 10 years younger than the offender (punishable by 3, 6, or 8 years imprisonment); with a victim and accomplishing the act by means of force, violence, duress, menace, or fear of immediate and unlawful bodily injury on the victim or any other person (punishable by 3, 6, or 8 years imprisonment); with a victim who is under 14 years of age by means of force, violence, duress, menace, or fear of immediate and unlawful bodily injury on the victim or another person (punishable by 9, 11, or 13 years imprisonment); with a victim who is a minor older than 14 years of age by means of force, violence, duress, menace, or fear of immediate and unlawful bodily injury on the victim or another person (punishable by 7, 9, or 11 years imprisonment); with a victim and accomplishing the act by threatening to retaliate in the future against the victim or any other person and there is a reasonable possibility that the perpetrator will execute the threat (punishable by 3, 6, or 8 years); with a victim by, acting or by aiding and abetting another, and accomplishes the act by means of force or fear of immediate and unlawful bodily injury on the victim or another person or where the act is accomplished against the victim's will by threatening to retaliate in the future against the victim or any other person and there is a reasonable possibility that the perpetrator will execute the threat (punishable by 5, 7 or 9 years imprisonment); with a victim who is under 14 years of age, while acting in concert with another person, either personally or aiding and abetting another, and accomplishing the act against the victim’s will by means of force or fear of immediate and unlawful bodily injury on the victim or another person (punishable by 10, 12, or 14 years imprisonment); with a minor who is older than 14 years of age, while acting in concert with another person and either personally committing the act or aiding and abetting another person, and accomplishing the act by means of force or fear of immediate and unlawful bodily injury on the victim or another person (punishable by 7, 9, or 11 years imprisonment); with a victim of any age while confined in a detention facility (punishable by less than 1 year imprisonment); with a victim who is unconscious of the nature of the act (incapable of resisting because they are asleep or unconscious; not aware, knowing, perceiving, or cognizant of the act; was not aware or cognizant of the essential characteristics of the act due to the perpetrator's fraud in fact; or was not aware or cognizant of the essential characteristics of the act due to the perpetrator's fraudulent representation that the sexual penetration served a professional purpose when it did not) and this is known to the person committing the act (punishable by 3, 6, or 8 years imprisonment); with a victim who is incapable of giving consent due to mental disorder or physical or developmental disability and the offender knows (or should have known) the victim is unable to consent (punishable by 3, 6, or 8 years imprisonment); with a victim who is incapable of giving consent due to mental disorder or disability and the offender knows (or should have known) the victim is unable to consent BUT at the time both the offender and victim were institutionalized for the treatment of mental disorders (punishable by less than 1 year imprisonment); with a victim who is prevented from resisting by a substance and the offender knew (or should have known) of the victim’s condition (punishable by 3, 6, or 8 years imprisonment); with a victim who submits under the belief that the person committing the act is someone known to the victim other than the accused, and this belief is induced by any artifice, pretense, or concealment practiced by the accused, with intent to induce the belief (punishable by 3, 6, or 8 years imprisonment); or with a victim where the act is accomplished by threatening to use the authority of a public official to incarcerate, arrest, or deport the victim or another and the victim has a reasonable belief that the perpetrator is a public official (punishable by 3, 6, or 8 years).
^ who is under the age of 18 (punishable by up to 1 year imprisonment); who is under 16 years of age and the offender is over 21 years of age (punishable as a felony); who is under 14 years of age and more than 10 years younger than the offender (punishable by imprisonment of 3, 6, or 8 years); where the act is accomplished against the victim's will by means of force, violence, duress, menace, or fear of immediate and unlawful bodily injury on the victim or another person (punishable by 3, 6, or 8 years imprisonment); who is under 14 years of age and the act is accomplished against the victim's will by means of force, violence, duress, menace, or fear of immediate and unlawful bodily injury on the victim or another person (punishable by 8, 10, or 12 years imprisonment); who is a minor older than 14 years of age and the act is accomplished against the victim's will by means of force, violence, duress, menace, or fear of immediate and unlawful bodily injury on the victim or another person (punishable by 6, 8, or 10, years’ imprisonment); where the act is accomplished against the victim's will by threatening to retaliate in the future against the victim or any other person and there is a reasonable possibility that the perpetrator will execute the threat (punishable by 3, 6, or 8 years imprisonment); while acting in concert with another person, either personally or by aiding and abetting the other person and : (1) the act is accomplished against the victim's will by means of force or fear of immediate and unlawful bodily injury on the victim or another person; or (2) the act is accomplished against the victim's will by threatening to retaliate in the future against the victim or any other person and there is a reasonable possibility that the perpetrator will execute the threat; or (3) the victim is at the time incapable of consenting because of a mental disorder or disability and the offender knew or reasonably should have known (punishable by 5, 7, or 9 years imprisonment); while acting in concert with another person, either personally or aiding and abetting the other person, and the victim is under 14 years of age and the act is accomplished against the victim's will by means of force or fear of immediate and unlawful bodily injury on the victim or another person (punishable by 10, 12, or 14 years imprisonment); while acting in concert with another person, either personally or aiding and abetting the other person and the victim is a minor over 14 years of age and the act is accomplished against the victim's will by means of force or fear of immediate and unlawful bodily injury on the victim or another person (punishable by 8, 10, or 12 years imprisonment); who is confined in a prison at the time (punishable by not more than 1 year imprisonment); who is unconscious of the nature of the act (incapable of resisting because they are asleep or unconscious; not aware, knowing, perceiving, or cognizant of the act; not aware or cognizant of the essential characteristics of the act due to the perpetrator's fraud in fact; or not aware or cognizant of the essential characteristics of the act due to the perpetrator's fraudulent representation that the sexual penetration served a professional purpose when it did not), and this is known to the offender (punishable by 3, 6, or 8 years imprisonment) who is incapable of consenting because of mental disorder or disability, and the offender knew or reasonably should have known (punishable by 3, 6, or 8 years imprisonment); who is incapable of consenting because of mental disorder or disability, and the offender knew or reasonably should have known but both the victim and offender are institutionalized for treatment of mental disorders (punishable by up to 1 year imprisonment); who is prevented from resisting because of a substance and the offender knew or should have known (punishable by 3, 6, or 8 years); who submits under the belief that the offender is someone known to the victim other than the accused, and this belief is induced by any artifice, pretense, or concealment practiced by the accused, with intent to induce the belief(punishable by 3, 6, or 8 years imprisonment); or where the act is accomplished against the victim's will by threatening to use the authority of a public official to incarcerate, arrest, or deport the victim or another and the victim has a reasonable belief that the perpetrator is a public official (punishable by 3, 6, or 8 years imprisonment).
^ against a victim’s will by means of force, violence, duress, menace, or fear of immediate and unlawful bodily injury on the victim or another person (punishable by 3, 6, or 8 years imprisonment); upon a child who is under 14 years old and the act is accomplished by means of force, violence, duress, menace, or fear of immediate and unlawful bodily injury on the victim or another person (punishable by 8,10, or 12 years imprisonment); upon a minor who is over 14 years old and the act is accomplished by means of force, violence, duress, menace, or fear of immediate and unlawful bodily injury on the victim or another person (punishable by 6, 8, or 10 years imprisonment); against the victim's will by threatening to retaliate in the future against the victim or any other person and there is a reasonable possibility that the perpetrator will execute the threat (punishable by 3, 6, or 8 years imprisonment); where the victim is incapable of consenting because of mental disorder or disability and the offender knew or should have known that the victim was unable to consent (punishable by 3, 6, or 8 years imprisonment); where the victim is incapable of consenting because of mental disorder or disability and the offender knew or should have known that the victim was unable to consent BUT at the time both the victim and offender were institutionalized for treatment for mental disorders (punishable by not more than one year imprisonment); or with a victim who is unconscious of the nature of the act (incapable of resisting because they are asleep or unconscious; not aware, knowing, perceiving, or cognizant of the act; not aware or cognizant of the essential characteristics of the act due to the perpetrator's fraud in fact; or not aware or cognizant of the essential characteristics of the act due to the perpetrator's fraudulent representation that the sexual penetration served a professional purpose when it did not) (punishable by 3, 6, or 8 years imprisonment); with a victim who is prevented from resisting by a substance and the offender knew or should have known the victim’s condition (punishable by 3, 6, or 8 years imprisonment) with a victim who submits under the belief that the person committing the act or causing the act to be committed is someone known to the victim other than the accused, and this belief is induced by any artifice, pretense, or concealment practiced by the accused, with intent to induce the belief (punishable by 3, 6, or, 8 years imprisonment) against a victim’s will by threatening to use the authority of a public official to incarcerate, arrest, or deport the victim or another, and the victim has a reasonable belief that the perpetrator is a public official (punishable by 3, 6, or 8 years) with another person who is under 18 years of age (punishable by less than 1 year imprisonment) with a victim under the age of 16 and the offender is above the age of 21 (punishable as a felony) with a victim who is under the age of 14 and the offender is more than 10 years older (punishable by 3, 6, or 8 years imprisonment)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Death penalty banned for non-fatal rapes as per Kennedy v. Louisiana.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Prosecution banned in consensual cases as per Lawrence v. Texas.
^ A defendant convicted of criminal sexual assault under (1) or (2), and was previously convicted of criminal sexual assault or exploitation of a child, or an offense either in Illinois or another state that is substantially equivalent, commits a Class X felony, punishable by a term of imprisonment of not less than 30 years and not more than 60 years, except that if defendant is under the age of 18 at the time of the offense, defendant shall be sentenced under Section 5-4.5-105 of the U.S. Code of Corrections. A defendant who has attained the age of 18 at the time of the commission of the offense and who is convicted of criminal sexual assault under (1) or (2), and was previously convicted of aggravated criminal sexual assault or predatory criminal sexual assault of a child, of a child, or an offense either in Illinois or another state that is substantially equivalent, shall be sentenced to a term of natural life imprisonment. A person who is under the age of 18 at the time of commission of the offense shall be sentenced under Section 5-4.5-105 of the Unified Code of Corrections. A second or subsequent conviction under (3) or (4), or under any similar statute of Illinois or another state, is a Class X felony.
^ A defendant convicted under (A)(2) – (7), (B), or (C) commits a Class X felony. A defendant convicted under (A)(1) commits a Class X felony for which 10 years shall be added to the term of imprisonment imposed by the court. A defendant convicted under (A)(8) commits a Class X felony for which 15 years shall be added to the term of imprisonment imposed by the court. A defendant convicted under (A)(9) commits a Class X felony for which 20 years shall be added to the term of imprisonment imposed by the court. A defendant convicted under (A)(10) commits a Class X felony for which 25 years or up to a term of natural life imprisonment shall be added to the term of imprisonment imposed by the court. A defendant under the age of 18 at the time of the commission of an offense for which defendant is convicted under (A)(1) – (A)(10) shall be sentenced under Section 5-4.5-105 of the Unified Code of Corrections. A defendant who has attained the age of 18 at the time of the commission of the offense and who is convicted of a second or subsequent conviction for this offense, or a previous conviction for criminal sexual assault, predatory criminal sexual assault of a child, or an offense either in Illinois or another state that is substantially equivalent, will result in a sentence of a term of natural life imprisonment. A person who is under the age of 18 at the time of commission of the offense shall be sentenced under Section 5-4.5-105 of the Unified Code of Corrections.
^ A defendant convicted under (1) commits a Class X felony, for which defendant shall be sentenced to a term of imprisonment of not less than 6 years and not more than 60 years. A defendant convicted under (2)(a) commits a Class X felony for which 15 years shall be added to the term of imprisonment imposed by the court. A defendant convicted under (2)(b) commits a Class X felony for which 20 years shall be added to the term of imprisonment imposed by the court. A defendant who has attained the age of 18 and who is convicted under (2)(c) commits a Class X felony for which defendant shall be sentenced to a term of imprisonment of not less than 50 years or up to a term of natural life imprisonment. A defendant who is convicted under (1), (2)(a), (2)(b) or (2)(c) and who is under the age of 18 at the time of commission of the offense shall be sentenced under Section 5-4.5-105 of the Unified Code of Corrections. A defendant convicted under (2)(d) commits a Class X felony for which defendant shall be sentenced to a term of imprisonment of not less than 50 years and not more than 60 years. A defendant who is under the age of 18 at the time of commission of the offense, however, shall be sentenced under Section 5-4.5-105 of the Unified Code of Corrections. A defendant who has attained the age of 18 at the time of commission of the offense and is convicted of an offense committed against 2 or more persons, regardless of whether the offenses occurred as a result of the same act or of several related or unrelated acts, shall be sentenced to a term of natural life imprisonment. A defendant who is under the age of 18 at the time of commission of the offense shall be sentenced under Section 5-4.5-105 of the Unified Code of Corrections. If defendant is eighteen years old or older, a second or subsequent conviction for this offense, or a previous conviction for criminal sexual assault, aggravated criminal sexual assault, or an offense either in Illinois or another state that is substantially equivalent, will result in a sentence of a term of natural life imprisonment. A defendant who is under the age of 18 at the time of commission of the offense shall be sentenced under Section 5-4.5-105 of the Unified Code of Corrections.
^ Non-consensual intercourse by force or force or with a victim that is unconscious or physically powerless is a severity level 1, person felony Sexual intercourse with a child under 14 is a severity level 1, person felony Sexual intercourse through the two types of knowing misrepresentation listed above is a severity level 2, person felony
^ Sexual intercourse with a child between 14-16 is a severity level 3, person felony Engaging in the listed lewd acts with a child 14-16 years old is a severity level 4, person felony Engaging in the listed lewd acts with a child younger than 14 is a severity level 3, person felony
^ ^a ^b Sodomy between two people who are over 16 years of age or between a person and an animal is a class B, nonperson misdemeanor. Sodomy with a 14-16 year old or forcing a 14-16 year old to have sodomy is a severity level 3, person felony. Sodomy with a non-consenting victim or forcing someone to engage in sodomy is a severity level 1, person felony. Sodomy with a child under 14 or with a victim who does not consent to sodomy but is overcome by fear or force, is unconscious or physically powerless, or is incapable of giving consent is a severity level 1, person felony
^ Compelling sexual acts is a class A crime. A sexual act with someone under 14 is a class A crime. A sexual act with someone under 12 is a class A crime. A sexual act with someone who the offender has in some way intoxicated is a class B crime. A sexual act by threat is a class B crime. A sexual act with a person with mental disability is a class B crime. A sexual act with someone who is unconscious or is otherwise unable to physically resist is a class B crime. A sexual act, as described above, by a person in an authoritative or disciplinary capacity is a class C crime. A sexual act with a student under 18 when the offender has an instructional, supervisory, or disciplinary authority over the victim is a class C crime. A sexual act with a minor by someone in charge of the long-term care and welfare of that person is a class B crime. A sexual act by a psychiatrist, psychologist, or social worker with a client is a class C crime. A sexual act by an owner, operator, or employee of an organization licensed by the Department of Health and Human Services on a client of that organization is a class C crime. A sexual act on a dependent person who is unable to provide self-care is a class C crime.
^ If rape results in or is committed along with acts resulting in serious bodily injury, is committed by a joint enterprise, or is committed during the commission or attempted commission of certain dangerous felonies, it is punishable by life imprisonment or any term of years. Rape without one of the above factors is punishable by state imprisonment not more than 20 years. Repeat offenders shall be punished up to life imprisonment. Committing rape while armed with a firearm or assault weapon is punishable by at least 10 years in state prison. Whoever commits a second or subsequent such offense shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for life or for any term of years, but not less than 15 years.
^ For a first conviction.

References

^ "Rape". FBI. Retrieved 2017-06-23.
^ Center, Marshall University Forensic Science. "Federal Sex Offense Laws | Sexual Violence and Stalking Laws | West Virginia Foundation for Rape Information and Services (WV FRIS)". www.fris.org. Retrieved 2017-06-23.
^ "District of Columbia Rape and Sexual Assault Laws - FindLaw". Findlaw. Retrieved 2017-06-25.
^ "WomensLaw.org | Alabama Statutes: Section 13A-6-62. Rape in the second degree". www.womenslaw.org. Retrieved 2017-06-25.
^ "The Laws In Your State: Alabama | RAINN". www.rainn.org. Retrieved 2017-06-25.
^ "The Laws In Your State: Arizona | RAINN". www.rainn.org. Retrieved 2017-06-25.
^ "The Laws In Your State: Arkansas". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-06-26. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
^ "The Laws In Your State: California". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-06-26. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
^ "The Laws In Your State: Colorado". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-06-26. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
^ "The Laws In Your State: Connecticut". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-06-26. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
^ "The Laws In Your State: Delaware". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-06-26. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
^ "The Laws In Your State: Florida". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-06-26. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
^ "The Laws In Your State: Georgia". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-06-26. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
^ "The Laws In Your State: Hawaii". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-06-27. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
^ "The Laws In Your State: Idaho". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-06-27. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
^ "The Laws In Your State: Illinois". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-06-27. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
^ "The Laws In Your State: Indiana". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-07-03. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
^ "The Laws In Your State: Iowa". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-07-03. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
^ "The Laws In Your State: Kansas". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-07-03. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
^ "The Laws In Your State: Kentucky | RAINN". www.rainn.org. Retrieved 2017-07-03.
^ "The Laws In Your State: Louisiana". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-07-03. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
^ "The Laws In Your State: Maine". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-07-03. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
^ "The Laws In Your State: Maryland". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-07-03. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
^ "The Laws In Your State: Massachusetts". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-07-03. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
^ "The Laws In Your State: Michigan". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-07-03. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
^ "The Laws In Your State: Minnesota". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-07-03. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
^ "The Laws In Your State: Mississippi". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-07-03. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
^ Depending from the victim's age.
^ "The Laws In Your State: Missouri". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-07-04. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
^ "The Laws In Your State: Montana". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-07-04. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
^ "The Laws In Your State: Nebraska". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-07-04. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
^ "The Laws In Your State: Nevada". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-07-04. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
^ "The Laws In Your State: New Hampshire". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-07-04. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
^ "The Laws In Your State: New Jersey". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-07-04. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
^ "The Laws In Your State: New Mexico". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-07-04. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
^ "The Laws In Your State: New York". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-07-19. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
^ "The Laws In Your State: North Carolina". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-07-19. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
^ Art. XI, § 2, Const. 1868
^ "The Laws In Your State: North Dakota". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-07-19. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
^ "The Laws In Your State: Ohio". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-07-19. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
^ "The Laws In Your State: Oklahoma". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-07-19. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
^ https://tnsocialjustice.wordpress.com/2014/07/08/51-years-the-new-life-without-parole/

Bibliography

External links

"Public Policy & Action". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-06-26. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)

[3] Since 1986, there is no parole in the federal system.

[4] (?)

[8] For the first offense, presumptive ranges are as follows: If the victim is less than 13 years of age: 25 to 35 years imprisonment. If the victim is 13 years of age or older: 20 to 30 years imprisonment. If the offender used a dangerous instrument, a firearm, or caused serious physical injury: 25 to 35 years imprisonment. Offenders who have been previously convicted of felonies face additional time in prison.

[11] Minimum of 25 years if victim below 14.

[13] with a victim under 18 years of age (punishable by up to one year imprisonment); with a victim where the offender is over the age of 21 and the victim is under 16 (punishable as a felony); with a victim who is under 14 years of age and more than 10 years younger than the offender (punishable by 3, 6, or 8 years imprisonment); with a victim and accomplishing the act by means of force, violence, duress, menace, or fear of immediate and unlawful bodily injury on the victim or any other person (punishable by 3, 6, or 8 years imprisonment); with a victim who is under 14 years of age by means of force, violence, duress, menace, or fear of immediate and unlawful bodily injury on the victim or another person (punishable by 9, 11, or 13 years imprisonment); with a victim who is a minor older than 14 years of age by means of force, violence, duress, menace, or fear of immediate and unlawful bodily injury on the victim or another person (punishable by 7, 9, or 11 years imprisonment); with a victim and accomplishing the act by threatening to retaliate in the future against the victim or any other person and there is a reasonable possibility that the perpetrator will execute the threat (punishable by 3, 6, or 8 years); with a victim by, acting or by aiding and abetting another, and accomplishes the act by means of force or fear of immediate and unlawful bodily injury on the victim or another person or where the act is accomplished against the victim's will by threatening to retaliate in the future against the victim or any other person and there is a reasonable possibility that the perpetrator will execute the threat (punishable by 5, 7 or 9 years imprisonment); with a victim who is under 14 years of age, while acting in concert with another person, either personally or aiding and abetting another, and accomplishing the act against the victim’s will by means of force or fear of immediate and unlawful bodily injury on the victim or another person (punishable by 10, 12, or 14 years imprisonment); with a minor who is older than 14 years of age, while acting in concert with another person and either personally committing the act or aiding and abetting another person, and accomplishing the act by means of force or fear of immediate and unlawful bodily injury on the victim or another person (punishable by 7, 9, or 11 years imprisonment); with a victim of any age while confined in a detention facility (punishable by less than 1 year imprisonment); with a victim who is unconscious of the nature of the act (incapable of resisting because they are asleep or unconscious; not aware, knowing, perceiving, or cognizant of the act; was not aware or cognizant of the essential characteristics of the act due to the perpetrator's fraud in fact; or was not aware or cognizant of the essential characteristics of the act due to the perpetrator's fraudulent representation that the sexual penetration served a professional purpose when it did not) and this is known to the person committing the act (punishable by 3, 6, or 8 years imprisonment); with a victim who is incapable of giving consent due to mental disorder or physical or developmental disability and the offender knows (or should have known) the victim is unable to consent (punishable by 3, 6, or 8 years imprisonment); with a victim who is incapable of giving consent due to mental disorder or disability and the offender knows (or should have known) the victim is unable to consent BUT at the time both the offender and victim were institutionalized for the treatment of mental disorders (punishable by less than 1 year imprisonment); with a victim who is prevented from resisting by a substance and the offender knew (or should have known) of the victim’s condition (punishable by 3, 6, or 8 years imprisonment); with a victim who submits under the belief that the person committing the act is someone known to the victim other than the accused, and this belief is induced by any artifice, pretense, or concealment practiced by the accused, with intent to induce the belief (punishable by 3, 6, or 8 years imprisonment); or with a victim where the act is accomplished by threatening to use the authority of a public official to incarcerate, arrest, or deport the victim or another and the victim has a reasonable belief that the perpetrator is a public official (punishable by 3, 6, or 8 years).

[14] who is under the age of 18 (punishable by up to 1 year imprisonment); who is under 16 years of age and the offender is over 21 years of age (punishable as a felony); who is under 14 years of age and more than 10 years younger than the offender (punishable by imprisonment of 3, 6, or 8 years); where the act is accomplished against the victim's will by means of force, violence, duress, menace, or fear of immediate and unlawful bodily injury on the victim or another person (punishable by 3, 6, or 8 years imprisonment); who is under 14 years of age and the act is accomplished against the victim's will by means of force, violence, duress, menace, or fear of immediate and unlawful bodily injury on the victim or another person (punishable by 8, 10, or 12 years imprisonment); who is a minor older than 14 years of age and the act is accomplished against the victim's will by means of force, violence, duress, menace, or fear of immediate and unlawful bodily injury on the victim or another person (punishable by 6, 8, or 10, years’ imprisonment); where the act is accomplished against the victim's will by threatening to retaliate in the future against the victim or any other person and there is a reasonable possibility that the perpetrator will execute the threat (punishable by 3, 6, or 8 years imprisonment); while acting in concert with another person, either personally or by aiding and abetting the other person and : (1) the act is accomplished against the victim's will by means of force or fear of immediate and unlawful bodily injury on the victim or another person; or (2) the act is accomplished against the victim's will by threatening to retaliate in the future against the victim or any other person and there is a reasonable possibility that the perpetrator will execute the threat; or (3) the victim is at the time incapable of consenting because of a mental disorder or disability and the offender knew or reasonably should have known (punishable by 5, 7, or 9 years imprisonment); while acting in concert with another person, either personally or aiding and abetting the other person, and the victim is under 14 years of age and the act is accomplished against the victim's will by means of force or fear of immediate and unlawful bodily injury on the victim or another person (punishable by 10, 12, or 14 years imprisonment); while acting in concert with another person, either personally or aiding and abetting the other person and the victim is a minor over 14 years of age and the act is accomplished against the victim's will by means of force or fear of immediate and unlawful bodily injury on the victim or another person (punishable by 8, 10, or 12 years imprisonment); who is confined in a prison at the time (punishable by not more than 1 year imprisonment); who is unconscious of the nature of the act (incapable of resisting because they are asleep or unconscious; not aware, knowing, perceiving, or cognizant of the act; not aware or cognizant of the essential characteristics of the act due to the perpetrator's fraud in fact; or not aware or cognizant of the essential characteristics of the act due to the perpetrator's fraudulent representation that the sexual penetration served a professional purpose when it did not), and this is known to the offender (punishable by 3, 6, or 8 years imprisonment) who is incapable of consenting because of mental disorder or disability, and the offender knew or reasonably should have known (punishable by 3, 6, or 8 years imprisonment); who is incapable of consenting because of mental disorder or disability, and the offender knew or reasonably should have known but both the victim and offender are institutionalized for treatment of mental disorders (punishable by up to 1 year imprisonment); who is prevented from resisting because of a substance and the offender knew or should have known (punishable by 3, 6, or 8 years); who submits under the belief that the offender is someone known to the victim other than the accused, and this belief is induced by any artifice, pretense, or concealment practiced by the accused, with intent to induce the belief(punishable by 3, 6, or 8 years imprisonment); or where the act is accomplished against the victim's will by threatening to use the authority of a public official to incarcerate, arrest, or deport the victim or another and the victim has a reasonable belief that the perpetrator is a public official (punishable by 3, 6, or 8 years imprisonment).

[15] st a victim’s will by means of force, violence, duress, menace, or fear of immediate and unlawful bodily injury on the victim or another person (punishable by 3, 6, or 8 years imprisonment); upon a child who is under 14 years old and the act is accomplished by means of force, violence, duress, menace, or fear of immediate and unlawful bodily injury on the victim or another person (punishable by 8,10, or 12 years imprisonment); upon a minor who is over 14 years old and the act is accomplished by means of force, violence, duress, menace, or fear of immediate and unlawful bodily injury on the victim or another person (punishable by 6, 8, or 10 years imprisonment); against the victim's will by threatening to retaliate in the future against the victim or any other person and there is a reasonable possibility that the perpetrator will execute the threat (punishable by 3, 6, or 8 years imprisonment); where the victim is incapable of consenting because of mental disorder or disability and the offender knew or should have known that the victim was unable to consent (punishable by 3, 6, or 8 years imprisonment); where the victim is incapable of consenting because of mental disorder or disability and the offender knew or should have known that the victim was unable to consent BUT at the time both the victim and offender were institutionalized for treatment for mental disorders (punishable by not more than one year imprisonment); or with a victim who is unconscious of the nature of the act (incapable of resisting because they are asleep or unconscious; not aware, knowing, perceiving, or cognizant of the act; not aware or cognizant of the essential characteristics of the act due to the perpetrator's fraud in fact; or not aware or cognizant of the essential characteristics of the act due to the perpetrator's fraudulent representation that the sexual penetration served a professional purpose when it did not) (punishable by 3, 6, or 8 years imprisonment); with a victim who is prevented from resisting by a substance and the offender knew or should have known the victim’s condition (punishable by 3, 6, or 8 years imprisonment) with a victim who submits under the belief that the person committing the act or causing the act to be committed is someone known to the victim other than the accused, and this belief is induced by any artifice, pretense, or concealment practiced by the accused, with intent to induce the belief (punishable by 3, 6, or, 8 years imprisonment) against a victim’s will by threatening to use the authority of a public official to incarcerate, arrest, or deport the victim or another, and the victim has a reasonable belief that the perpetrator is a public official (punishable by 3, 6, or 8 years) with another person who is under 18 years of age (punishable by less than 1 year imprisonment) with a victim under the age of 16 and the offender is above the age of 21 (punishable as a felony) with a victim who is under the age of 14 and the offender is more than 10 years older (punishable by 3, 6, or 8 years imprisonment)

[:0-20] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Death penalty banned for non-fatal rapes as per Kennedy v. Louisiana.

[:1-21] Prosecution banned in consensual cases as per Lawrence v. Texas.

[26] A defendant convicted of criminal sexual assault under (1) or (2), and was previously convicted of criminal sexual assault or exploitation of a child, or an offense either in Illinois or another state that is substantially equivalent, commits a Class X felony, punishable by a term of imprisonment of not less than 30 years and not more than 60 years, except that if defendant is under the age of 18 at the time of the offense, defendant shall be sentenced under Section 5-4.5-105 of the U.S. Code of Corrections. A defendant who has attained the age of 18 at the time of the commission of the offense and who is convicted of criminal sexual assault under (1) or (2), and was previously convicted of aggravated criminal sexual assault or predatory criminal sexual assault of a child, of a child, or an offense either in Illinois or another state that is substantially equivalent, shall be sentenced to a term of natural life imprisonment. A person who is under the age of 18 at the time of commission of the offense shall be sentenced under Section 5-4.5-105 of the Unified Code of Corrections. A second or subsequent conviction under (3) or (4), or under any similar statute of Illinois or another state, is a Class X felony.

[27] A defendant convicted under (A)(2) – (7), (B), or (C) commits a Class X felony. A defendant convicted under (A)(1) commits a Class X felony for which 10 years shall be added to the term of imprisonment imposed by the court. A defendant convicted under (A)(8) commits a Class X felony for which 15 years shall be added to the term of imprisonment imposed by the court. A defendant convicted under (A)(9) commits a Class X felony for which 20 years shall be added to the term of imprisonment imposed by the court. A defendant convicted under (A)(10) commits a Class X felony for which 25 years or up to a term of natural life imprisonment shall be added to the term of imprisonment imposed by the court. A defendant under the age of 18 at the time of the commission of an offense for which defendant is convicted under (A)(1) – (A)(10) shall be sentenced under Section 5-4.5-105 of the Unified Code of Corrections. A defendant who has attained the age of 18 at the time of the commission of the offense and who is convicted of a second or subsequent conviction for this offense, or a previous conviction for criminal sexual assault, predatory criminal sexual assault of a child, or an offense either in Illinois or another state that is substantially equivalent, will result in a sentence of a term of natural life imprisonment. A person who is under the age of 18 at the time of commission of the offense shall be sentenced under Section 5-4.5-105 of the Unified Code of Corrections.

[28] A defendant convicted under (1) commits a Class X felony, for which defendant shall be sentenced to a term of imprisonment of not less than 6 years and not more than 60 years. A defendant convicted under (2)(a) commits a Class X felony for which 15 years shall be added to the term of imprisonment imposed by the court. A defendant convicted under (2)(b) commits a Class X felony for which 20 years shall be added to the term of imprisonment imposed by the court. A defendant who has attained the age of 18 and who is convicted under (2)(c) commits a Class X felony for which defendant shall be sentenced to a term of imprisonment of not less than 50 years or up to a term of natural life imprisonment. A defendant who is convicted under (1), (2)(a), (2)(b) or (2)(c) and who is under the age of 18 at the time of commission of the offense shall be sentenced under Section 5-4.5-105 of the Unified Code of Corrections. A defendant convicted under (2)(d) commits a Class X felony for which defendant shall be sentenced to a term of imprisonment of not less than 50 years and not more than 60 years. A defendant who is under the age of 18 at the time of commission of the offense, however, shall be sentenced under Section 5-4.5-105 of the Unified Code of Corrections. A defendant who has attained the age of 18 at the time of commission of the offense and is convicted of an offense committed against 2 or more persons, regardless of whether the offenses occurred as a result of the same act or of several related or unrelated acts, shall be sentenced to a term of natural life imprisonment. A defendant who is under the age of 18 at the time of commission of the offense shall be sentenced under Section 5-4.5-105 of the Unified Code of Corrections. If defendant is eighteen years old or older, a second or subsequent conviction for this offense, or a previous conviction for criminal sexual assault, aggravated criminal sexual assault, or an offense either in Illinois or another state that is substantially equivalent, will result in a sentence of a term of natural life imprisonment. A defendant who is under the age of 18 at the time of commission of the offense shall be sentenced under Section 5-4.5-105 of the Unified Code of Corrections.

[32] Non-consensual intercourse by force or force or with a victim that is unconscious or physically powerless is a severity level 1, person felony Sexual intercourse with a child under 14 is a severity level 1, person felony Sexual intercourse through the two types of knowing misrepresentation listed above is a severity level 2, person felony

[33] Sexual intercourse with a child between 14-16 is a severity level 3, person felony Engaging in the listed lewd acts with a child 14-16 years old is a severity level 4, person felony Engaging in the listed lewd acts with a child younger than 14 is a severity level 3, person felony

[:2-34] Sodomy between two people who are over 16 years of age or between a person and an animal is a class B, nonperson misdemeanor. Sodomy with a 14-16 year old or forcing a 14-16 year old to have sodomy is a severity level 3, person felony. Sodomy with a non-consenting victim or forcing someone to engage in sodomy is a severity level 1, person felony. Sodomy with a child under 14 or with a victim who does not consent to sodomy but is overcome by fear or force, is unconscious or physically powerless, or is incapable of giving consent is a severity level 1, person felony

[38] Compelling sexual acts is a class A crime. A sexual act with someone under 14 is a class A crime. A sexual act with someone under 12 is a class A crime. A sexual act with someone who the offender has in some way intoxicated is a class B crime. A sexual act by threat is a class B crime. A sexual act with a person with mental disability is a class B crime. A sexual act with someone who is unconscious or is otherwise unable to physically resist is a class B crime. A sexual act, as described above, by a person in an authoritative or disciplinary capacity is a class C crime. A sexual act with a student under 18 when the offender has an instructional, supervisory, or disciplinary authority over the victim is a class C crime. A sexual act with a minor by someone in charge of the long-term care and welfare of that person is a class B crime. A sexual act by a psychiatrist, psychologist, or social worker with a client is a class C crime. A sexual act by an owner, operator, or employee of an organization licensed by the Department of Health and Human Services on a client of that organization is a class C crime. A sexual act on a dependent person who is unable to provide self-care is a class C crime.

[41] If rape results in or is committed along with acts resulting in serious bodily injury, is committed by a joint enterprise, or is committed during the commission or attempted commission of certain dangerous felonies, it is punishable by life imprisonment or any term of years. Rape without one of the above factors is punishable by state imprisonment not more than 20 years. Repeat offenders shall be punished up to life imprisonment. Committing rape while armed with a firearm or assault weapon is punishable by at least 10 years in state prison. Whoever commits a second or subsequent such offense shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for life or for any term of years, but not less than 15 years.

[45] For a first conviction.

[1] "Rape". FBI. Retrieved 2017-06-23.

[2] Center, Marshall University Forensic Science. "Federal Sex Offense Laws | Sexual Violence and Stalking Laws | West Virginia Foundation for Rape Information and Services (WV FRIS)". www.fris.org. Retrieved 2017-06-23.

[5] "District of Columbia Rape and Sexual Assault Laws - FindLaw". Findlaw. Retrieved 2017-06-25.

[6] "WomensLaw.org | Alabama Statutes: Section 13A-6-62. Rape in the second degree". www.womenslaw.org. Retrieved 2017-06-25.

[7] "The Laws In Your State: Alabama | RAINN". www.rainn.org. Retrieved 2017-06-25.

[9] "The Laws In Your State: Arizona | RAINN". www.rainn.org. Retrieved 2017-06-25.

[10] "The Laws In Your State: Arkansas". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-06-26. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)

[12] "The Laws In Your State: California". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-06-26. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)

[16] "The Laws In Your State: Colorado". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-06-26. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)

[17] "The Laws In Your State: Connecticut". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-06-26. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)

[18] "The Laws In Your State: Delaware". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-06-26. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)

[19] "The Laws In Your State: Florida". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-06-26. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)

[22] "The Laws In Your State: Georgia". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-06-26. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)

[23] "The Laws In Your State: Hawaii". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-06-27. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)

[24] "The Laws In Your State: Idaho". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-06-27. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)

[25] "The Laws In Your State: Illinois". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-06-27. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)

[29] "The Laws In Your State: Indiana". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-07-03. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)

[30] "The Laws In Your State: Iowa". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-07-03. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)

[31] "The Laws In Your State: Kansas". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-07-03. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)

[35] "The Laws In Your State: Kentucky | RAINN". www.rainn.org. Retrieved 2017-07-03.

[36] "The Laws In Your State: Louisiana". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-07-03. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)

[37] "The Laws In Your State: Maine". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-07-03. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)

[39] "The Laws In Your State: Maryland". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-07-03. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)

[40] "The Laws In Your State: Massachusetts". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-07-03. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)

[42] "The Laws In Your State: Michigan". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-07-03. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)

[43] "The Laws In Your State: Minnesota". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-07-03. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)

[44] "The Laws In Your State: Mississippi". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-07-03. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)

[46] Depending from the victim's age.

[47] "The Laws In Your State: Missouri". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-07-04. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)

[48] "The Laws In Your State: Montana". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-07-04. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)

[49] "The Laws In Your State: Nebraska". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-07-04. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)

[50] "The Laws In Your State: Nevada". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-07-04. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)

[51] "The Laws In Your State: New Hampshire". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-07-04. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)

[52] "The Laws In Your State: New Jersey". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-07-04. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)

[53] "The Laws In Your State: New Mexico". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-07-04. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)

[54] "The Laws In Your State: New York". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-07-19. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)

[55] "The Laws In Your State: North Carolina". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-07-19. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)

[56] Art. XI, § 2, Const. 1868

[57] "The Laws In Your State: North Dakota". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-07-19. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)

[58] "The Laws In Your State: Ohio". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-07-19. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)

[59] "The Laws In Your State: Oklahoma". RAINN. Retrieved 2017-07-19. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)

[60] ttps://tnsocialjustice.wordpress.com/2014/07/08/51-years-the-new-life-without-parole/

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