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his grandmother from father's side was iranian (Achaemenid), his grandfather's (Orontes I) origin is uncertain (there are three versions: Iranian, Armenian, Urartian), and who was his mother we do not know (possibly an Armenian woman)
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'''Mithrenes''' ([[Greek language|Greek]]: Mιθρένης or Mιθρίνης) was a [[Persian people|Persian]] commander of the force that garrisoned the citadel of [[Sardis]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Briant|first1=Pierre|title=Alexander the Great and His Empire: A Short Introduction|date=2012|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-1400834860|page=113|quote=Yet the Persian Mithrenes had not been given a high-level post in the imperial administration; such posts were reserved for Greeks and Macedonians.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Anson|first1=Edward M.|title=Alexander's Heirs: The Age of the Successors|date=2014|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1118862407|quote=(...) Mithrenes, a Persian nobleman, was appointed satrap of Armenia by Alexander.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Herrmann|editor1-first=J.|editor2-last=Zurcher|editor2-first=E.|title=History of Humanity: From the seventh century B.C. to the seventh century A.D|date=1996|publisher=UNESCO|isbn=978-9231028120|page=170|quote=As early as the year 334, the king had given clear evidence of his desire to win over the Persian nobles: he allowed Mithrenes, who had just surrendered (...)}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Curtis|editor1-first=John E.|editor2-last=Tallis|editor2-first=Nigel|title=Forgotten Empire: The World of Ancient Persia|date=2005|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0520247314|page=17|quote=Darius still had many noble Persians, satraps and strategists all ready to serve him. The first was that of Mithrenes, governor of Sardis (...)}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Nawotka|first1=Krzysztof|title=Alexander the Great|date=2009|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|isbn=978-1443818117|page=127|quote=This is what must have happened before the surrender of Sardis and Mithrenes had a lot to bargain with; in return for capitulation he guaranteed for himself a position in Alexander's closest circle as the first Iranian, indeed first Asian to be so honoured.}}</ref><ref>Waldemar Heckel (2005). ''The Marshals of Alexander's Empire''. Routledge. {{ISBN|978-1134942657}}. page 92; "(...) by sending to them Mithrenes, who spoke Persian."</ref> According to [[Cyril Toumanoff]], he was also a member of the [[Orontid dynasty]],<ref> Cyril Toumanoff (Georgetown University Press, 1963; Studies in Christian Caucasian History, part III. The Orontids of Armenia. ). p. 278-290"</ref> of [[Iranian peoples|Iranian]] origin.<ref>[[Cyril Toumanoff]] (Georgetown University Press, 1963; ''Studies in Christian Caucasian History'', part III. ''The Orontids of Armenia''. ). p. 278; "The eponym's ''praeonemen'' Orontes is as Iranian as the dynasty itself, derived from the Avestan auraund/aurvant ('mighty,' 'hero') and related to the Pehlevi arvand."</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Toumanoff|first1=Cyril|title=INTRODUCTION TO CHRISTIAN CAUCASIAN HISTORY (The Formative Centuries (IVth-VIIIth))|date=1959|volume=15|page=27|quote=Already in the Achaemenian phase, the office of Satrap of Armenia became hereditary in the Iranian families of the Hydarnids and, then, the Orontids...[...]. The fact that the Orontids were descended from the Achaemenid Great Kings, who were no more, and that they held sway over most of the territory of the old Vannic Monarchy, when conjoined with their power and their de facto, autonomy, led them to assume the status of kings}}</ref> After the [[battle of the Granicus]] Mithrines surrendered voluntarily to [[Alexander the Great]], and was treated by him with great distinction. He fought for Alexander at [[Gaugamela]], and ironically he was fighting against an army that included his father [[Orontes II]]. After the battle, Alexander appointed him [[Orontid Dynasty|Satrap of Armenia]], as his father had been.
'''Mithrenes''' ([[Greek language|Greek]]: Mιθρένης or Mιθρίνης) was a [[Persian people|Persian]] commander of the force that garrisoned the citadel of [[Sardis]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Briant|first1=Pierre|title=Alexander the Great and His Empire: A Short Introduction|date=2012|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-1400834860|page=113|quote=Yet the Persian Mithrenes had not been given a high-level post in the imperial administration; such posts were reserved for Greeks and Macedonians.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Anson|first1=Edward M.|title=Alexander's Heirs: The Age of the Successors|date=2014|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1118862407|quote=(...) Mithrenes, a Persian nobleman, was appointed satrap of Armenia by Alexander.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Herrmann|editor1-first=J.|editor2-last=Zurcher|editor2-first=E.|title=History of Humanity: From the seventh century B.C. to the seventh century A.D|date=1996|publisher=UNESCO|isbn=978-9231028120|page=170|quote=As early as the year 334, the king had given clear evidence of his desire to win over the Persian nobles: he allowed Mithrenes, who had just surrendered (...)}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Curtis|editor1-first=John E.|editor2-last=Tallis|editor2-first=Nigel|title=Forgotten Empire: The World of Ancient Persia|date=2005|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0520247314|page=17|quote=Darius still had many noble Persians, satraps and strategists all ready to serve him. The first was that of Mithrenes, governor of Sardis (...)}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Nawotka|first1=Krzysztof|title=Alexander the Great|date=2009|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|isbn=978-1443818117|page=127|quote=This is what must have happened before the surrender of Sardis and Mithrenes had a lot to bargain with; in return for capitulation he guaranteed for himself a position in Alexander's closest circle as the first Iranian, indeed first Asian to be so honoured.}}</ref><ref>Waldemar Heckel (2005). ''The Marshals of Alexander's Empire''. Routledge. {{ISBN|978-1134942657}}. page 92; "(...) by sending to them Mithrenes, who spoke Persian."</ref> According to [[Cyril Toumanoff]], he was also a member of the [[Orontid dynasty]]<ref> Cyril Toumanoff (Georgetown University Press, 1963; Studies in Christian Caucasian History, part III. The Orontids of Armenia. ). p. 278-290"</ref>. After the [[battle of the Granicus]] Mithrines surrendered voluntarily to [[Alexander the Great]], and was treated by him with great distinction. He fought for Alexander at [[Gaugamela]], and ironically he was fighting against an army that included his father [[Orontes II]]. After the battle, Alexander appointed him [[Orontid Dynasty|Satrap of Armenia]], as his father had been.


It's not clear, however, whether Mithrenes actually managed to take control of his satrapy. According to [[Quintus Curtius Rufus|Curtius]], in his speech given at [[Hecatompylos]] in 330 BC Alexander the Great listed Armenia among lands conquered by Macedonians, implying that Mithrenes succeeded in conquering it;{{r|curt_6.3}} on the other hand, [[Justin (historian)|Justin]] reproduced [[Gnaeus Pompeius Trogus|Pompeius Trogus']] rendition of a speech attributed to [[Mithridates VI of Pontus]], which mentioned that Alexander did not conquer Armenia.{{r|just_38.7}}
It's not clear, however, whether Mithrenes actually managed to take control of his satrapy. According to [[Quintus Curtius Rufus|Curtius]], in his speech given at [[Hecatompylos]] in 330 BC Alexander the Great listed Armenia among lands conquered by Macedonians, implying that Mithrenes succeeded in conquering it;{{r|curt_6.3}} on the other hand, [[Justin (historian)|Justin]] reproduced [[Gnaeus Pompeius Trogus|Pompeius Trogus']] rendition of a speech attributed to [[Mithridates VI of Pontus]], which mentioned that Alexander did not conquer Armenia.{{r|just_38.7}}

Revision as of 13:24, 5 October 2017

Mithrenes I
Satrap of Armenia
Reign331 – 317 BC
Coronation331 BC
PredecessorOrontes II
SuccessorOrontes III
Died317 BC
IssueOrontes III
Names
Mithrenes
DynastyOrontid Dynasty
FatherOrontes II

Mithrenes (Greek: Mιθρένης or Mιθρίνης) was a Persian commander of the force that garrisoned the citadel of Sardis.[1][2][3][4][5][6] According to Cyril Toumanoff, he was also a member of the Orontid dynasty[7]. After the battle of the Granicus Mithrines surrendered voluntarily to Alexander the Great, and was treated by him with great distinction. He fought for Alexander at Gaugamela, and ironically he was fighting against an army that included his father Orontes II. After the battle, Alexander appointed him Satrap of Armenia, as his father had been.

It's not clear, however, whether Mithrenes actually managed to take control of his satrapy. According to Curtius, in his speech given at Hecatompylos in 330 BC Alexander the Great listed Armenia among lands conquered by Macedonians, implying that Mithrenes succeeded in conquering it;[8] on the other hand, Justin reproduced Pompeius Trogus' rendition of a speech attributed to Mithridates VI of Pontus, which mentioned that Alexander did not conquer Armenia.[9]

In summary, Mithrenes ruled on behalf of the new Macedonian regime. However, after the death of Alexander III, Neoptolemus was made Satrap of Armenia from 323 to 321 BC.[10]

After the death of Neoptolemus, and the struggles going on with the Diadochi it seems Mithrenes not only returned to his ancestral seat but declared himself king.

References

Notes

  1. ^ Briant, Pierre (2012). Alexander the Great and His Empire: A Short Introduction. Princeton University Press. p. 113. ISBN 978-1400834860. Yet the Persian Mithrenes had not been given a high-level post in the imperial administration; such posts were reserved for Greeks and Macedonians.
  2. ^ Anson, Edward M. (2014). Alexander's Heirs: The Age of the Successors. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1118862407. (...) Mithrenes, a Persian nobleman, was appointed satrap of Armenia by Alexander.
  3. ^ Herrmann, J.; Zurcher, E., eds. (1996). History of Humanity: From the seventh century B.C. to the seventh century A.D. UNESCO. p. 170. ISBN 978-9231028120. As early as the year 334, the king had given clear evidence of his desire to win over the Persian nobles: he allowed Mithrenes, who had just surrendered (...)
  4. ^ Curtis, John E.; Tallis, Nigel, eds. (2005). Forgotten Empire: The World of Ancient Persia. University of California Press. p. 17. ISBN 978-0520247314. Darius still had many noble Persians, satraps and strategists all ready to serve him. The first was that of Mithrenes, governor of Sardis (...)
  5. ^ Nawotka, Krzysztof (2009). Alexander the Great. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 127. ISBN 978-1443818117. This is what must have happened before the surrender of Sardis and Mithrenes had a lot to bargain with; in return for capitulation he guaranteed for himself a position in Alexander's closest circle as the first Iranian, indeed first Asian to be so honoured.
  6. ^ Waldemar Heckel (2005). The Marshals of Alexander's Empire. Routledge. ISBN 978-1134942657. page 92; "(...) by sending to them Mithrenes, who spoke Persian."
  7. ^ Cyril Toumanoff (Georgetown University Press, 1963; Studies in Christian Caucasian History, part III. The Orontids of Armenia. ). p. 278-290"
  8. ^ Curtius, Historiae Alexandri Magni, vi. 3
  9. ^ Justin, Epitoma Historiarum Philippicarum Pompei Trogi, xxxviii. 7
  10. ^ Neoptolemus (general)

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1870). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

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