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* Chicken mozzarella sticks – A hybrid of mozzarella sticks with [[chicken nugget]]s or [[chicken fingers]].<ref name="foodbeast1"/><ref name="people1"/>
* Chicken mozzarella sticks – A hybrid of mozzarella sticks with [[chicken nugget]]s or [[chicken fingers]].<ref name="foodbeast1"/><ref name="people1"/>
* Bacon mozzarella sticks – In addition to or instead of breading, a layer of [[bacon]] is wrapped around the mozzarella cheese before frying.<ref name="bustle1"/><ref name="huffington1"/><ref name="buzzfeed1"/>
* Bacon mozzarella sticks – In addition to or instead of breading, a layer of [[bacon]] is wrapped around the mozzarella cheese before frying.<ref name="bustle1"/><ref name="huffington1"/><ref name="buzzfeed1"/>
* As a topping – Several American restaurants have used mozzarella sticks as a topping for a sandwich or a burger. In 2010, [[Denny's]] offered the "Fried Cheese Melt" that was four mozzarella sticks inside of a [[grilled cheese sandwich]].<ref name="npr1"/> To promote the film ''[[Incredibles 2]]'' in 2018, [[Walt Disney World]] offered a cheeseburger that included mozzarella sticks and was served on a bun grilled with the Incredibles logo.<ref name="delish2"/>
* As a topping – Several American restaurants have used mozzarella sticks as a topping for a sandwich or a burger. In 2010, [[Denny's]] offered the "Fried Cheese Melt" that was four mozzarella sticks inside of a [[grilled cheese sandwich]].<ref name="npr1"/> As a launch item for its 2013 late-night Jack's Munchie Meal menu, [[Jack in the Box]] offered the "Exploding Cheesy Chicken Sandwich" that included a layer of mozzarella sticks.<ref name="huffington2"/> To promote the film ''[[Incredibles 2]]'' in 2018, [[Walt Disney World]] offered a cheeseburger that included mozzarella sticks and was served on a bun grilled with the Incredibles logo.<ref name="delish2"/>
* As a flavor in other foods – Several bands of chips have released mozzarella-stick-flavored variations, including [[Ruffles]], [[Lay's]] and [[Pringles]].<ref name="delish3"/>
* As a flavor in other foods – Several bands of [[potato chips]] and other snack foods have released mozzarella-stick-flavored variations, including [[Ruffles]], [[Lay's]], [[Pringles]] and [[Goldfish (cracker)|Goldfish]].<ref name="delish3"/>




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<ref name="huffington1">{{cite web| last = Thomson| first = Julie R.| title = Bacon Is About To Take Mozzarella Sticks On A Wild Ride| work = [[HuffPost]]| publisher = [[Oath Inc.]]| date = December 9, 2015| url = https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/bacon-wrapped-mozzarella-sticks_us_5666e49be4b072e9d1c775ce| accessdate = August 11, 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="huffington1">{{cite web| last = Thomson| first = Julie R.| title = Bacon Is About To Take Mozzarella Sticks On A Wild Ride| work = [[HuffPost]]| publisher = [[Oath Inc.]]| date = December 9, 2015| url = https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/bacon-wrapped-mozzarella-sticks_us_5666e49be4b072e9d1c775ce| accessdate = August 11, 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="huffington2">{{cite web| title = Jack in the Box Now Has a Cheeseburger Topped with a Grilled Cheese Sandwich & More Munchie Monstrosities| work = [[HuffPost]]| publisher = [[Oath Inc.]]| date = September 24, 2013| url = https://www.huffingtonpost.com/foodbeast/jack-in-the-box-now-has-a_b_3984720.html| accessdate = August 14, 2018}}</ref>


<ref name="italianfood-109">{{Harvnb|David|1954|p=109}}</ref>
<ref name="italianfood-109">{{Harvnb|David|1954|p=109}}</ref>

Revision as of 04:27, 15 August 2018

"Cheese sticks" redirects here. For the individually packaged lunch product, see string cheese.
Mozzarella sticks
CourseAppetizer
Place of originFrance
Cooking time 15 minutes to 3 hours
Serving temperatureFresh from the fryer
Main ingredientsMozzarella cheese
VariationsBel Paese instead of mozzarella[1][2]
Food energy
(per 100 g serving)
325 kcal (1361 kJ)[3]
Nutritional value
(per 100 g serving)
Protein14.75 g
Fat18.33 g
Carbohydrate25.14 g

Mozzarella sticks (also referred to as fried mozzarella, mozzarella milanese,[1][2] mozzarella fritta[4] or pipefarce[5][6]) are an appetizer or snack often paired with marinara dipping sauce. They're frequently mistaken as traditional Italian in origin, when they're actually a part of Italian-American cuisine. Mozzarella sticks grew in popularity in America in the 1970s following the spread of deep fryers and the popularity of pizza. They can be found on the menus of sports bars, dive bars,

History

The exact origins are unknown,[6] but most sources point to a recipe published in the 1393 medieval French guidebook Le Ménagier de Paris as the earliest known recording of a dish resembling modern mozzarella sticks.[7][8][9] The guidebook was written from the perspective of a fictional elderly man giving advice to his younger wife on proper marriage behavior. Unlike modern recipes, this recipe uses wine in the batter[5] and muenster cheese instead of mozzarella.[7][8]

While they're often associated with the country of Italy, they are not a part of Italian cuisine.[6][7][8] According to Dr. John Gennari, University of Vermont professor of cultural studies, the confusion likely stems from the fact that buffalo mozzarella is an Italian creation and the word "mozzarella" itself has an Italian connotation.[6] Classic Italian cuisine does, however, include a similar dish called mozzarella in carrozza ("buffalo cheese in a carriage"[2]) in which slices of cheese are placed between thin slices of bread, battered and fried.[2][10]

Mozzarella sticks, along with other Italian-American cuisine dishes such as pizza, spaghetti with meatballs and chicken parmesan, began to migrate to America during the Italian diaspora in the early 1900s.[6] Guarino's, the oldest Italian restaurant in Little Italy, Cleveland (though, not the oldest Italian restaurant in the US), began serving fried mozzarella when it opened in 1918.[11] The advent of new frying technology in the 1960s made fried foods inexpensive and easy for vendors to sell, allowing dive bars and bowling alleys to start offering onion rings, french fries, buffalo wings and mozzarella sticks. Widespread popularity of mozzarella sticks in America didn't begin until the late 1970s, following the rise of pizza's popularity in the 1960s.[6] They elevated in popularity again with the rapid expansion of American casual dining restaurants such as Applebee's, Chili's and T.G.I Friday's in the 1980s and 1990s. Mozzarella sticks were one of the first appetizer items on Applebee's menu when it opened.[6] By the 2000s and 2010s, some American fast-food restaurant chains including Burger King and Sonic Drive-In added mozzarella sticks to their menu. In 2016, McDonald's was subject to heavy criticism and eventually a class-action lawsuit for the mozzarella sticks they served, with customers alleging that the chain was serving hollow cheeseless sticks and that the cheese they used was not 100% mozzarella.[12][13][14][15][16]

Preparation and serving

Mozzarella sticks are made from slices or sticks from a larger block of cheese, or sticks of string cheese. These pieces are either dipped in batter or rolled in breadcrumbs before dipping in oil for frying. To prevent the cheese from melting and leaching out into the oil while cooking, the battered sticks are often frozen before frying.[17] Pre-prepared mozzarella sticks are also sold in frozen food sections of most grocery stores that can be either fried in oil or baked in an oven.

Mozzarella is the most popular cheese for frying because it's one of a few "melt-restricted" cheeses.[18] These are cheeses that can soften when heated, but won't lose their identity or separate due to a lower fat content and a larger network of the protein casein.[19][20] Alternative melt-restricted cheeses that could be used to make this dish include cheddar cheese,[18] Bel Paese[1][2] or cheese curds.[21]

They're served with dipping sauces, most commonly with tomato-based marinara sauce. Casual family restaurants often order a variety of dipping options, including ranch dressing and honey mustard.

Variations

  • Waffle iron mozzarella sticks – Instead of deep frying the sticks, they're cooked in a lightly greased waffle iron. This method avoids the use of oil,[22][23]
  • Chicken mozzarella sticks – A hybrid of mozzarella sticks with chicken nuggets or chicken fingers.[24][25]
  • Bacon mozzarella sticks – In addition to or instead of breading, a layer of bacon is wrapped around the mozzarella cheese before frying.[26][27][28]
  • As a topping – Several American restaurants have used mozzarella sticks as a topping for a sandwich or a burger. In 2010, Denny's offered the "Fried Cheese Melt" that was four mozzarella sticks inside of a grilled cheese sandwich.[29] As a launch item for its 2013 late-night Jack's Munchie Meal menu, Jack in the Box offered the "Exploding Cheesy Chicken Sandwich" that included a layer of mozzarella sticks.[30] To promote the film Incredibles 2 in 2018, Walt Disney World offered a cheeseburger that included mozzarella sticks and was served on a bun grilled with the Incredibles logo.[31]
  • As a flavor in other foods – Several bands of potato chips and other snack foods have released mozzarella-stick-flavored variations, including Ruffles, Lay's, Pringles and Goldfish.[32]


Jack in the Box

See also

References

Citations

  1. ^ a b c David 1954, p. 109
  2. ^ a b c d e Root 1971, p. 289
  3. ^ "Basic Report: Restaurant, family style, fried mozzarella sticks". USDA. United States National Agricultural Library. Retrieved August 7, 2018.
  4. ^ Caggiano 2006, p. 60
  5. ^ a b Friedman, David. "Le Menagier de Paris". David D. Friedman's Home Page. Translated by Hinson, Janet. Retrieved August 7, 2018.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g Fulton, Wil (February 1, 2017). "The Mozzarella Stick's Origins Are Actually Fiercely Debated". Thrillist. Group Nine Media. Retrieved August 7, 2018.
  7. ^ a b c Zorn, Marc (July 26, 2014). "Who Invented Mozzarella Sticks". Vision Launch. Retrieved August 7, 2018.
  8. ^ a b c Jay, Kitty (2009). "Italian foods they don't serve in Italy". Mashed. Retrieved August 7, 2018.
  9. ^ Lapetina, Adam (July 21, 2014). "The True Origins of 11 of Your Favorite Fried Foods". Thrillist. Group Nine Media. Retrieved August 7, 2018.
  10. ^ Mariani 2011, p. 110
  11. ^ Mariani 2011, p. 104
  12. ^ Anwar, Mehak (November 11, 2015). "McDonald's Mozzarella Sticks Are Here, But It's Not The Only Time The Burger Joint Has Offered Italian Fare". Bustle. Retrieved August 11, 2018.
  13. ^ Bellomo, Reheanna O'Neil (February 3, 2016). "McDonald's is Getting Sued For Its Cheeseless Mozzarella Sticks". Delish. Hearst Communications. Retrieved August 11, 2018.
  14. ^ Wattles, Jackie (February 3, 2016). "McDonald's sued for alleged mock mozzarella in cheese sticks". CNNMoney. Turner Broadcasting System. Retrieved August 11, 2018.
  15. ^ Hatic, Dana (February 2, 2016). "McDonald's Mozzarella Sticks Are Now the Subject of a Class Action Lawsuit". Eater. Vox Media. Retrieved August 11, 2018.
  16. ^ Peterson, Hayley (January 27, 2016). "These McDonald's Mozzarella Sticks Have a Problem: No Cheese". Slate. The Slate Group. Retrieved August 11, 2018.
  17. ^ Goldberg, Elyssa (February 18, 2016). "No Other Mozzarella Sticks Matter". Bon Appétit. Condé Nast. Retrieved August 7, 2018.
  18. ^ a b Mallikarjunan 2009, p. 93
  19. ^ Ramesh 2011
  20. ^ Donnelly 2016
  21. ^ Staalstrom, Christina (August 3, 2010). "Fried Cheese Curds = Midwestern Mozzarella Sticks". Miami New Times. Voice Media Group. Retrieved August 14, 2018.
  22. ^ Miyashiro, Lauren (August 10, 2017). "PSA: The Best Way To Cook Mozzarella Sticks Is In Your Waffle Maker". Delish. Hearst Communications. Retrieved August 12, 2018.
  23. ^ Shummski, Daniel (2015). "Waffle Iron Fried' Cheese (Queso Frito) Recipe". Serious Eats. Retrieved August 12, 2018.
  24. ^ Ayrouth, Elie (December 1, 2015). "Chicken Cheese Sticks Are The Bastard Child Of Mozzarella Sticks And Chicken Fries". Foodbeast. Retrieved August 14, 2018.
  25. ^ Spence, Shaye (November 3, 2017). "How to Make Chicken Tenders That Are Also Mozzarella Sticks (Yes, You Read That Right)". People. Meredith Corporation. Retrieved August 14, 2018.
  26. ^ "Bacon-Fried Mozzarella Sticks By Oh Bite It Will Have Your Mouth Watering In Seconds". Bustle. March 17, 2015. Retrieved August 11, 2018.
  27. ^ Thomson, Julie R. (December 9, 2015). "Bacon Is About To Take Mozzarella Sticks On A Wild Ride". HuffPost. Oath Inc. Retrieved August 11, 2018.
  28. ^ "Sweet & Spicy Bacon-Wrapped Mozz Sticks". Buzzfeed. January 29, 2018. Retrieved August 11, 2018.
  29. ^ Chillag, Ian (August 30, 2010). "Sandwich Monday: The Denny's Fried Cheese Melt". NPR. Retrieved August 11, 2018.
  30. ^ "Jack in the Box Now Has a Cheeseburger Topped with a Grilled Cheese Sandwich & More Munchie Monstrosities". HuffPost. Oath Inc. September 24, 2013. Retrieved August 14, 2018.
  31. ^ Adebowale, Temi (June 18, 2018). "Disney World Is Now Selling A Burger Topped With Mozzarella Sticks". Delish. Hearst Communications. Retrieved August 11, 2018.
  32. ^ Jackson, Danielle (February 2, 2018). "Mozzarella Stick-Flavored Potato Chips Are A Thing Now". Delish. Hearst Communications. Retrieved August 12, 2018.

Bibliography

Wikibooks Cookbook has a recipe/module on

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"Cheese sticks" redirects here. For the individually packaged lunch product, see string cheese.
Mozzarella sticks
Homemade mozzarella sticks
CourseHors d'oeuvre
Place of originFrance
Serving temperatureMainly with marinara sauce
Main ingredientsMozzarella, batter or breading

Mozzarella sticks are elongated pieces of battered or breaded mozzarella.

Mozzarella sticks may be served with tomato,[1] ketchup, or marinara sauce, as well as plum sauce, jalapeño jelly, barbecue sauce, honey mustard sauce, and ranch dressing. Cheeses other than mozzarella are also fried, including provolone, Edam, cheddar, and American.

Mozzarella sticks with raspberry sauce are part of the regional cuisine of New York's Capital District.[2][3]

Origins

Mozzarella sticks date back to at least 1393 in Medieval France, when a recipe for fried cheese sticks appeared in Le Ménagier de Paris.[4][5]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Wok-Fried Mozzarella Sticks With Dipping Sauce". New York Times. 15 Sep 2010. Retrieved 17 June 2012.
  2. ^ "Mozzarella Sticks with Raspberry Sauce: An Albany NY Favorite". Sweet Remedy. 22 March 2012. Retrieved 17 July 2013.
  3. ^ "New York State food regions map". All Over Albany. 6 February 2012. Retrieved 17 July 2013.
  4. ^ Lapetina, Adam (21 July 2014). "The True Origins of 11 of your favorite fried foods". Thrillist. Thrillist. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  5. ^ Friedman, David. "Le Menagier de Paris (Translated by Janet Hinson)". Retrieved 13 November 2015. PIPEFARCES. Take egg yolks and flour and salt, and a little wine, and beat together strongly, and cheese chopped in thin slices, and then roll the slices of cheese in the batter, and then fry in an iron skillet with oil in it. This can also be made using beef marrow.
Wikibooks Cookbook has a recipe/module on
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