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'''Chi Mak''' ({{zh|first=t|t=麥大志|s=麦大志|p=Mài Dàzhì|j=mak6 daai6 zi3}}; born 28 September 1940) is a Chinese-born<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/04/02/AR2008040203952.html|title=Chinese Spy Slept in U.S. for 2 Decades|newspaper=Washington Post|author=Joby Warrick and Carrie Johnson|date=April 3, 2008|accessdate=August 29, 2016}}</ref> [[naturalized]] American citizen who worked as an [[engineer]] for California-based [[defense contractor]] Power Paragon, a part of [[L-3 Communications]].<ref>{{cite news|title=L-3 Power Paragon Division Overview Page|url=http://www.l-3com.com/divisions/overview.aspx?id=60|accessdate=2007-05-10}}</ref> In 2007, Mak was found guilty of [[Conspiracy (crime)|conspiring]] to export sensitive defense technology to [[China]].<ref name="NYT1">{{cite news|title=Engineer Guilty in Military Secrets Case|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|work=CBS News|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/engineer-guilty-in-military-secrets-case/|date=2007-05-10|accessdate=2007-05-10}}</ref>
'''Chi Mak''' ({{zh|first=t|t=麥大志|s=麦大志|p=Mài Dàzhì|j=mak6 daai6 zi3}}; born 28 September 1940) is a Chinese-born<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/04/02/AR2008040203952.html|title=Chinese Spy Slept in U.S. for 2 Decades|newspaper=Washington Post|author=Joby Warrick and Carrie Johnson|date=April 3, 2008|accessdate=August 29, 2016}}</ref> [[naturalized]] American citizen who worked as an [[engineer]] for California-based [[defense contractor]] Power Paragon, a part of [[L-3 Communications]].<ref>{{cite news|title=L-3 Power Paragon Division Overview Page|url=http://www.l-3com.com/divisions/overview.aspx?id=60|accessdate=2007-05-10}}</ref> In 2007, Mak was found guilty of [[Conspiracy (crime)|conspiring]] to export sensitive defense technology to [[China]].<ref name="NYT1">{{cite news|title=Engineer Guilty in Military Secrets Case|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|work=CBS News|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/engineer-guilty-in-military-secrets-case/|date=2007-05-10|accessdate=2007-05-10}}</ref>
He was not formally charged with espionage as the information was not officially classified.<ref name="BBC1">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7311816.stm |title=US court jails 'agent of China' |author= |date= 2008-03-25|work= BBC News|accessdate=August 2 2019}}</ref>
He was not formally charged with espionage as the information was not officially classified.<ref name="BBC1">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7311816.stm |title=US court jails 'agent of China' |author= |date= 2008-03-25|work= BBC News|accessdate=2019-08-02}}</ref>


Mak's legal defense was that he thought there was nothing improper about leaving the U.S. to attend a conference in China, carrying his own unclassified published work<ref name="NAmedia">{{cite web|url=http://news.newamericamedia.org/news/view_article.html?article_id=2df3976fc5cc152e75b1ee75e0270f91|title=Warning to Chinese Americans: FBI Still Obsessed With Chinese-American Spies|author=|date=|website=|accessdate=|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070520214212/http://news.newamericamedia.org/news/view_article.html?article_id=2df3976fc5cc152e75b1ee75e0270f91|archivedate=2007-05-20|df=}}</ref> on U.S. defense technology,<ref name="NYT1"/> despite his training from his employer indicating quite the opposite.<ref name="NYT1"/>{{Failed verification|date=September 2016}} He had intentionally released it without his employer's permission at a 2004 international engineering conference.<ref name="NYT1"/>{{Failed verification|date=September 2016}} He had been briefed every year on regulations regarding documents designated "For Official Use Only" (FOUO)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://rf-web.tamu.edu/security/SECGuide/S2unclas/Fouo.htm |title=FOUO designation |access-date=2008-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907132732/http://rf-web.tamu.edu/security/SECGUIDE/S2unclas/Fouo.htm |archive-date=2008-09-07 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> and items restricted by export controls. His defense argued that making the data accessible to scrutiny by the general public negated its military value and made it acceptable to transport outside the [[United States]], despite the fact that Chi Mak was the one who released the information, without authorization{{citation needed}}. The defense also argued that the data was in the [[public domain]].<ref name="NAmedia" /><ref>[http://cicentre.com/Documents/DOC_Chi_Mak.html Chi Mak, Tai Wang Mak Espionage/Spy Case<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070602063742/http://cicentre.com/Documents/DOC_Chi_Mak.html |date=2007-06-02 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.exportlawblog.com/archives/134 ExportLawBlog » Chi Mak Export Trial Begins<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
Mak's legal defense was that he thought there was nothing improper about leaving the U.S. to attend a conference in China, carrying his own unclassified published work<ref name="NAmedia">{{cite web|url=http://news.newamericamedia.org/news/view_article.html?article_id=2df3976fc5cc152e75b1ee75e0270f91|title=Warning to Chinese Americans: FBI Still Obsessed With Chinese-American Spies|author=|date=|website=|accessdate=|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070520214212/http://news.newamericamedia.org/news/view_article.html?article_id=2df3976fc5cc152e75b1ee75e0270f91|archivedate=2007-05-20|df=}}</ref> on U.S. defense technology,<ref name="NYT1"/> despite his training from his employer indicating quite the opposite.<ref name="NYT1"/>{{Failed verification|date=September 2016}} He had intentionally released it without his employer's permission at a 2004 international engineering conference.<ref name="NYT1"/>{{Failed verification|date=September 2016}} He had been briefed every year on regulations regarding documents designated "For Official Use Only" (FOUO)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://rf-web.tamu.edu/security/SECGuide/S2unclas/Fouo.htm |title=FOUO designation |access-date=2008-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907132732/http://rf-web.tamu.edu/security/SECGUIDE/S2unclas/Fouo.htm |archive-date=2008-09-07 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> and items restricted by export controls. His defense argued that making the data accessible to scrutiny by the general public negated its military value and made it acceptable to transport outside the [[United States]], despite the fact that Chi Mak was the one who released the information, without authorization{{citation needed}}. The defense also argued that the data was in the [[public domain]].<ref name="NAmedia" /><ref>[http://cicentre.com/Documents/DOC_Chi_Mak.html Chi Mak, Tai Wang Mak Espionage/Spy Case<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070602063742/http://cicentre.com/Documents/DOC_Chi_Mak.html |date=2007-06-02 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.exportlawblog.com/archives/134 ExportLawBlog » Chi Mak Export Trial Begins<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

Revision as of 19:41, 2 August 2019

Chi Mak (traditional Chinese: 麥大志; simplified Chinese: 麦大志; pinyin: Mài Dàzhì; Jyutping: mak6 daai6 zi3; born 28 September 1940) is a Chinese-born[1] naturalized American citizen who worked as an engineer for California-based defense contractor Power Paragon, a part of L-3 Communications.[2] In 2007, Mak was found guilty of conspiring to export sensitive defense technology to China.[3] He was not formally charged with espionage as the information was not officially classified.[4]

Mak's legal defense was that he thought there was nothing improper about leaving the U.S. to attend a conference in China, carrying his own unclassified published work[5] on U.S. defense technology,[3] despite his training from his employer indicating quite the opposite.[3][failed verification] He had intentionally released it without his employer's permission at a 2004 international engineering conference.[3][failed verification] He had been briefed every year on regulations regarding documents designated "For Official Use Only" (FOUO)[6] and items restricted by export controls. His defense argued that making the data accessible to scrutiny by the general public negated its military value and made it acceptable to transport outside the United States, despite the fact that Chi Mak was the one who released the information, without authorization[citation needed]. The defense also argued that the data was in the public domain.[5][7][8]

The prosecution indicated that the data was nevertheless export-controlled and that it should not have been shared with foreign nationals without authorization.[3] The IEEE presentations cited by prosecution in the trial[9] are currently available on a worldwide basis, due to Chi Mak's unauthorized releases.[10][11]

Mak's brother and sister-in-law were apprehended by the FBI after boarding a flight to Hong Kong carrying one encrypted CD which contained defense-related documents.[4] They, along with their son as well as Mak's wife, all pleaded guilty to related charges.

On March 24, 2008, he was sentenced to 24 years and 4 months in federal prison.[12]

Early life

Mak lived in Hong Kong before, in the late 1970s, moving to the U.S. as an immigrant.[13]

See also

References

  1. ^ Joby Warrick and Carrie Johnson (April 3, 2008). "Chinese Spy Slept in U.S. for 2 Decades". Washington Post. Retrieved August 29, 2016.
  2. ^ "L-3 Power Paragon Division Overview Page". Retrieved 2007-05-10.
  3. ^ a b c d e "Engineer Guilty in Military Secrets Case". CBS News. Associated Press. 2007-05-10. Retrieved 2007-05-10.
  4. ^ a b "US court jails 'agent of China'". BBC News. 2008-03-25. Retrieved 2019-08-02.
  5. ^ a b "Warning to Chinese Americans: FBI Still Obsessed With Chinese-American Spies". Archived from the original on 2007-05-20. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ "FOUO designation". Archived from the original on 2008-09-07. Retrieved 2008-06-03. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ Chi Mak, Tai Wang Mak Espionage/Spy Case Archived 2007-06-02 at the Wayback Machine
  8. ^ ExportLawBlog » Chi Mak Export Trial Begins
  9. ^ "Amended indictment" (PDF).
  10. ^ "Power Density Optimization in High Fidelity Power Drive" (PDF).
  11. ^ "Solid state transfer switches and current interruptors for mission-critical shipboard power systems".
  12. ^ Joby Warrick and Carrie Johnson (April 3, 2008). "Chinese Spy 'Slept' In U.S. for 2 Decades". Washington Post.
  13. ^ Bhattacharjee, Yudhijit (2014-05-12). "How the F.B.I. Cracked a Chinese Spy Ring". The New Yorker. Retrieved 2017-08-11.

Further reading

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