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==Founding the Symbionese Liberation Army==
==Founding the Symbionese Liberation Army==
Emily and Bill Harris arrived in [[Berkeley, California]] in 1973 from [[Bloomington, Indiana]]. They came with their friends [[Gary Atwood]] and [[Angela Atwood]]. They soon joined a left-wing group that, among other things, visited prisoners in northern California. The Harrises met an escaped prisoner, [[Donald DeFreeze]]. They joined the SLA, created by [[Patricia Soltysik|Mizmoon Soltysik]], [[Nancy Ling Perry]], [[Joe Remiro]], [[Russ Little (SLA)|Russ Little]], [[Willie Wolfe]], Angela Atwood, [[Thero Wheeler]] and Camilla Hall. Emily Harris's ''[[nom de guerre]]'' was Yolanda.<ref name="maebrussell">{{cite web |date=February 1974|url = http://www.maebrussell.com/Mae%20Brussell%20Articles/Why%20Was%20Hearst%20Kidnapped%201.html|title = Why Was Patricia Hearst Kidnapped?|publisher = ''The Realist''| accessdate = 2007-08-18 | last=Mae Brussell}}</ref> On November 6, the SLA committed its first public act, the assassination of popular [[Oakland, California]] school superintendent [[Marcus Foster]]. The SLA mistakenly thought Foster was behind a plan to create student identification cards for Oakland high schools. Subsequently, they kidnapped [[Patty Hearst]], the college student heir to the Hearst newspaper chain. <ref name="Toobin">{{cite book| last = Toobin | first =Jeffrey | authorlink = | title =American Heiress: The Wild Saga of the Kidnapping, Crimes and Trial of Patty Hearst | publisher = Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group | year = 2016| page = | isbn = 978-0385536714}}</ref>
Emily and Bill Harris arrived in [[Berkeley, California]] in 1973 from [[Bloomington, Indiana]]. They came with their friends [[Gary Atwood]] and [[Angela Atwood]]. They soon joined a left-wing group that, among other things, visited prisoners in northern California. The Harrises met an escaped prisoner, [[Donald DeFreeze]]. They joined the SLA, created by [[Patricia Soltysik|Mizmoon Soltysik]], [[Nancy Ling Perry]], [[Joe Remiro]], [[Russ Little (SLA)|Russ Little]], [[Willie Wolfe]], Angela Atwood, [[Thero Wheeler]] and Camilla Hall. Emily Harris's ''[[nom de guerre]]'' was Yolanda.<ref name="maebrussell">{{cite web |date=February 1974|url = http://www.maebrussell.com/Mae%20Brussell%20Articles/Why%20Was%20Hearst%20Kidnapped%201.html|title = Why Was Patricia Hearst Kidnapped?|publisher = The Realist| accessdate = 2007-08-18 | last=Mae Brussell}}</ref> On November 6, the SLA committed its first public act, the assassination of popular [[Oakland, California]] school superintendent [[Marcus Foster]]. The SLA mistakenly thought Foster was behind a plan to create student identification cards for Oakland high schools. Subsequently, they kidnapped [[Patty Hearst]], the college student heir to the Hearst newspaper chain. <ref name="Toobin">{{cite book| last = Toobin | first =Jeffrey | authorlink = | title =American Heiress: The Wild Saga of the Kidnapping, Crimes and Trial of Patty Hearst | publisher = Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group | year = 2016| page = | isbn = 978-0385536714}}</ref>


==Later SLA and Opsahl murder==
==Later SLA and Opsahl murder==

Revision as of 13:04, 12 October 2019

This article is about the SLA member. For the New Zealand artist, see Emily Harris (artist). For the American singer-songwriter and musician, see Emmylou Harris.
Emily Harris
Emily Harris's 1975 mugshot
Born (1947-02-11) February 11, 1947 (age 77)
Baltimore, Maryland
Other namesYolanda
Emily Montague Schwartz
MovementSymbionese Liberation Army

Emily Harris (born February 11, 1947 as Emily Montague Schwartz) was, along with her husband William Harris (1945–), a member of the Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA), an American left-wing terrorist group involved in bank robberies, kidnapping and murder. In the 1970s, she was convicted of kidnapping Patty Hearst. In 2003, she was convicted of murder in the second degree for being the shooter in a 1975 slaying that occurred while she and other SLA members were robbing a bank in California. She was sentenced to eight years in prison for the murder.

Early life

Born in Baltimore, Maryland,[1] and raised in Clarendon Hills, Illinois,[2] Harris was the daughter of Frederick Schwartz, an engineer, and had a middle-class upbringing. She graduated from Indiana University with a bachelor's degree in language arts.

Founding the Symbionese Liberation Army

Emily and Bill Harris arrived in Berkeley, California in 1973 from Bloomington, Indiana. They came with their friends Gary Atwood and Angela Atwood. They soon joined a left-wing group that, among other things, visited prisoners in northern California. The Harrises met an escaped prisoner, Donald DeFreeze. They joined the SLA, created by Mizmoon Soltysik, Nancy Ling Perry, Joe Remiro, Russ Little, Willie Wolfe, Angela Atwood, Thero Wheeler and Camilla Hall. Emily Harris's nom de guerre was Yolanda.[3] On November 6, the SLA committed its first public act, the assassination of popular Oakland, California school superintendent Marcus Foster. The SLA mistakenly thought Foster was behind a plan to create student identification cards for Oakland high schools. Subsequently, they kidnapped Patty Hearst, the college student heir to the Hearst newspaper chain. [4]

Later SLA and Opsahl murder

Emily and Bill Harris took over the leadership of the SLA after six other SLA members died in a Los Angeles shootout with police and the house fire it triggered. After the fire, the Harrises spent over a year eluding the authorities with Hearst, and new members Kathleen Soliah, Josephine Soliah, Steven Soliah, Mike Bortin, Jim Kilgore, and Wendy Yoshimura. Hearst herself had since become a participant in SLA crimes. Yoshimura, Patty's closest friend while underground, was a fugitive for her involvement with explosives that were stored in a garage she rented. During that year the SLA committed a string of crimes, including an April 21, 1975, robbery of Crocker National Bank in Carmichael, California. During the robbery, 42-year-old Myrna Opsahl was shotgunned to death. Opsahl was depositing a church collection at the time. Patty Hearst stated in her 1982 autobiography Every Secret Thing that Emily was the shooter. Hearst also stated that Harris said, "Oh, she's dead, but it doesn't really matter. She was a bourgeois pig anyway. Her husband is a doctor." Other SLA members had urged Harris not to bring the shotgun to the robbery, as it had accidentally discharged twice during preparations.

The Harrises were eventually arrested and served eight years in prison for the Hearst kidnapping. Imprisoned at the California Institution for Women at Frontera, California, Emily Harris spent the first half of her term in solitary confinement. Emily learned computer programming in prison.

Life after first prison term

After her release from prison in 1983, Harris became a computer programmer and began a successful computer consulting company.[5] She worked at MGM Studios until her second conviction. She divorced her husband.

Opsahl murder charges

For over 25 years no one was charged in the Opsahl murder. The SLA wore wigs and masks during the Crocker Bank robbery, and left little evidence behind.[6] However, with new forensics techniques, the FBI was eventually able to link shotgun pellets removed from Opsahl's body to shotgun shells found in an SLA hideout.[7] Additional evidence mounted, and in January 2002 Harris and three other SLA members were charged with the Opsahl murder. Harris's bail was set at one million US dollars, which her supporters quickly gathered.

Three former SLA members who had been granted immunity – Hearst, Steven Soliah, and Wendy Yoshimura – were set to testify for the prosecution in the Opsahl case.

Facing a possible conviction, Harris and the others pleaded guilty to second-degree murder in November 2002.[8] Harris was sentenced to eight additional years in prison; Bill Harris was sentenced to seven years and Kathleen Soliah and Michael Bortin were each sentenced to six years for their roles.

Emily Harris was paroled in February 2007 after having served four years in prison.[9]

References

  1. ^ The FBI poster gives some biographical details. Place of birth is given as Baltimore, Maryland, although with the note "not supported by birth records"
  2. ^ "Sara, Patty, Emily, Squeaky: Four Women in California Who Took Trips into Terror". USA Today. 1975-10-06. Retrieved 2012-05-29.
  3. ^ Mae Brussell (February 1974). "Why Was Patricia Hearst Kidnapped?". The Realist. Retrieved 2007-08-18.
  4. ^ Toobin, Jeffrey (2016). American Heiress: The Wild Saga of the Kidnapping, Crimes and Trial of Patty Hearst. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0385536714.
  5. ^ Landsberg, Mitchell (June 15, 2002). "New life, old murder: Ex-radical Emily Harris faces charges 19 years after release from prison". The Seattle Times.
  6. ^ Gordon Young (2007). "Patty Cakes – Terror, nostalgia and the SLA Gordon Young". metroactive. Retrieved 2007-08-18.
  7. ^ James Sterngold (2002-01-18). "New Evidence Paved Way for Arrests in a '75 Killing". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-08-18.
  8. ^ "4 ex-SLA members plead guilty to '75 bank slaying". Chicago Tribune. November 8, 2002.
  9. ^ "Convicted Domestic Terrorist Freed From California Prison". Fox News. 2009-03-17.
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