Ground-glass opacity: Difference between revisions
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==Differential diagnosis== |
==Differential diagnosis== |
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The [[differential diagnosis]] of the many causes of GGO includes [[pulmonary edema]], [[infections]] (including [[severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2]],<ref name="Bernheim Mei Huang Yang p=200463">{{cite journal|display-authors=6|vauthors=Bernheim A, Mei X, Huang M, Yang Y, Fayad ZA, Zhang N, Diao K, Lin B, Zhu X, Li K, Li S, Shan H, Jacobi A, Chung M|date=February 2020|title=Chest CT Findings in Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19): Relationship to Duration of Infection|journal=Radiology|pages=200463|doi=10.1148/radiol.2020200463|pmid=32077789|doi-access=free}}</ref> [[cytomegalovirus]] and ''[[Pneumocystis jirovecii]]'' pneumonia), various noninfectious [[interstitial lung disease]]s (such as [[hypersensitivity pneumonitis]], [[Hamman-Rich syndrome]]), [[diffuse alveolar hemorrhage]], |
The [[differential diagnosis]] of the many causes of GGO includes [[pulmonary edema]], [[infections]] (including [[severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2]],<ref name="Bernheim Mei Huang Yang p=200463">{{cite journal|display-authors=6|vauthors=Bernheim A, Mei X, Huang M, Yang Y, Fayad ZA, Zhang N, Diao K, Lin B, Zhu X, Li K, Li S, Shan H, Jacobi A, Chung M|date=February 2020|title=Chest CT Findings in Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19): Relationship to Duration of Infection|journal=Radiology|pages=200463|doi=10.1148/radiol.2020200463|pmid=32077789|doi-access=free}}</ref> [[cytomegalovirus]] and ''[[Pneumocystis jirovecii]]'' pneumonia), various noninfectious [[interstitial lung disease]]s (such as [[hypersensitivity pneumonitis]], [[Hamman-Rich syndrome]]), [[diffuse alveolar hemorrhage]], [[cryptogenic organizing pneumonia]], and pulmonary contusion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.appliedradiology.com/uploadedfiles/Issues/1998/12/Articles/v0027i12/00801363/main.pdf|title=Ground glass opacity on CT scanning of the chest: What does it mean?|author1=Jannette Collins, MD|author2=Eric J. Stern, MD|date=1998|publisher=Applied Radiology|accessdate=1 February 2012|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/67kl55s1L?url=http://www.appliedradiology.com/uploadedfiles/Issues/1998/12/Articles/v0027i12/00801363/main.pdf|archive-date=18 May 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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==Reversed halo sign== |
==Reversed halo sign== |
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Revision as of 17:42, 3 May 2020
In radiology, ground glass opacity (GGO) is a nonspecific finding on radiographs and computed tomography (CT) scans. It consists of a hazy opacity that does not obscure the underlying bronchial structures or pulmonary vessels, and that indicates a partial filling of air spaces in the lungs by exudate or transudate, as well as interstitial thickening or partial collapse of lung alveoli.[1]: 95
Differential diagnosis
The differential diagnosis of the many causes of GGO includes pulmonary edema, infections (including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,[2] cytomegalovirus and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia), various noninfectious interstitial lung diseases (such as hypersensitivity pneumonitis, Hamman-Rich syndrome), diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, and pulmonary contusion.[3]
Reversed halo sign
A reversed halo sign is a central ground-glass opacity surrounded by denser consolidation. Criteria include that the consolidation should form more than three-fourths of a circle and be at least 2 mm thick.[4] It is suggestive of cryptogenic organizing pneumonia,[5] but is only seen in about 20% of individuals with this condition.[4] It can also be present in lung infarction where the halo consists of hemorrhage,[6] as well as in infectious diseases such as paracoccidioidomycosis, tuberculosis, zygomycosis, and aspergillosis, as well as in granulomatosis with polyangiitis, lymphomatoid granulomatosis, and sarcoidosis.[7]
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CT scan with reversed halo sign in a case of cryptogenic organizing pneumonia. -
CT scan of a reverse halo sign (black arrow) due to lung infarction because of chronic pulmonary embolism (white arrow).
See also
References
- ^ Hodler, J.; von Schulthess, G. K.; Zollikofer, C. L. (2007). Diseases of the Heart, Chest & Breast: Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Techniques. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer. p. 95. ISBN 9788847006331.
- ^ Bernheim A, Mei X, Huang M, Yang Y, Fayad ZA, Zhang N, et al. (February 2020). "Chest CT Findings in Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19): Relationship to Duration of Infection". Radiology: 200463. doi:10.1148/radiol.2020200463. PMID 32077789.
- ^ Jannette Collins, MD; Eric J. Stern, MD (1998). "Ground glass opacity on CT scanning of the chest: What does it mean?" (PDF). Applied Radiology. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 May 2012. Retrieved 1 February 2012.
- ^ a b Radswiki; et al. "Reversed halo sign (lungs)". Radiopaedia. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
- ^ Brett M. Elicker, W. Richard Webb (2012). Fundamentals of High-Resolution Lung CT: Common Findings, Common Patterns, Common Diseases, and Differential Diagnosis. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9781469824796.
- ^ Wu, George; Schmit, Berndt; Arteaga, Veronica; Palacio, Diana (2017). "Medical image of the week: pulmonary infarction- the "reverse halo sign"". Southwest Journal of Pulmonary and Critical Care. 15 (4): 162–163. doi:10.13175/swjpcc124-17. ISSN 2160-6773.
- ^ D Karthikeyan (2013). High Resolution Computed Tomography of the Lungs: A Practical Guide. JP Medical Ltd. p. 256. ISBN 9789350904084.