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Yadavs in Bihar

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Bihari Yadav
ReligionsHindu
Languages
Original stateBihar
RegionEast India

Yadavs in Bihar refers to the people of Yadav community of the Indian state of Bihar.[1][2] They are also known as Ahir,[3] Gope, etc.[4][5] The Yadavs form nearly 14.26 % of the state's population and are included in the Other Backward Class category in the Bihar state of India.[6] Ahirs are among the land owning caste in the plains of Bihar.[7]

Origin and history

Origin

The Yadavs or Ahirs claim to be descended from lord Krishna of ancient Yadu tribe.[8] Ahirs found in Bihar are said to have migrated from the plain of Kachchh, Kathiavad, west Rajasthan and Braj region.[9]

History

According to Vishnu Purana, Abhiras (modern day Ahirs) conquered Magadha and regained there for several hundred years.[10] The Imperial Guptas are said to be from the Gopa race of Bihar.[11]

The Ahir tribe was the dominant group in the Bihar section of the Gangetic valley during the later prehistoric period. The Ahiri country extended from around Banaras eastward to the Kosi River, primarily lying north of the Ganges.[12] The Ahir clans of Bihar are not only confined to Bihar and Jharkhand but they are also extensively found in Mirzapur, Ballia, Gorakhpur, Basti and Kanpur districts of Uttar Pradesh.[13][14]

List of dynasties, chieftaincy and zamindari

In Bihar, there were many zamindars belonging to Yadav (Ahir) community.[15] These zamindars belonged to the difficult geographical regions, mostly diara land of the rivers. In the diara regions their rule continued with the help of their militia.[16][15] The Ahir zamindars were predominantly found in northern and eastern parts of Bihar.[17][18]

Occupation

At one time the main occupation of the Yadavs of Bihar was rearing cattle, but now most of them are cultivator.[33] While majority of Yadavs were peasants with minor landholdings in the Northern and Central parts of India, a few Yadavs had taken over large tract of land in the newly reclaimed portion of Eastern Bihar (Purnea and Saharsa) and had become big landholders.[34]

Subdivision

There are four main sub-castes of Ahirs in Bihar, Kishnaut, Majhraut, Kannaujia or Kanyakubja[35] and Goria.[36][37] Among them the first three never sell either milk, ghee or butter, and have, to a large extent, became cultivator.[38] Apart from these sub-castes, Dhadhor, Ghosin, Sadgop[39] etc. are also found in small numbers.[40][41]

Title

The titles generally used by the Yadav or Ahirs community in Bihar are Rai/Roy, Chaudhary, Gope, Mandal, Singh, Raut, Bhagat, Sinha etc.[42][43]

Culture

Caste deities

In Kosi division of Bihar, people of the Yadav caste worship their caste deity Bisu Raut, whose temple is situated on the banks of the Gogri river.[44][45] Baba Karu Khirhari, who was born among Yadavs, is another folk god revered by people not only in Kosi but also in the parts of Nepal.[46][47] His temple is located in Mahpura village of Saharsa district.[48]

Gobanai Baba is worshipped by Ahir families of Darbhanga district. His temple is situated in village Mahulia.[49][50][51]

Ballad song

Lorikayan is sung by Ahir community of Bihar, it is a folk song of veer rasa where events from the life of Lorik, a Ahir hero are described. This epic is more popular in Bhojpuri, Maithili and Magahi.[52][53]

Politics

Around 1933–1934, the Yadavs joined with the Kurmis and Koeris to form the Triveni Sangh, a caste federation that by 1936 claimed to have a million supporters. This coalition followed an alliance for the 1930 local elections which fared badly at the polls. The new grouping had little electoral success: it won a few seats in the 1937 elections but was stymied by a two-pronged opposition which saw the rival Congress wooing some of its more wealthy leading lights to a newly formed unit called the "Backward Class Federation" and an effective opposition from upper castes organised to keep the lower castes in their customary place. Added to this, the three putatively allied castes were unable to set aside their communal rivalries and the Triveni Sangh also faced competition from the All India Kisan Sabha, a peasant-oriented socio-political campaigning group run by the Communists. The appeal of the Triveni Sangh had waned significantly by 1947[54][55] but had achieved a measure of success away from the ballot box, notably by exerting sufficient influence to bring an end to the begar system of forced unpaid labour and by providing a platform for those voices seeking reservation of jobs in government for people who were not upper castes.[56] Many years later, in 1965, there was an abortive attempt to revive the defunct federation.[57]

In the post Mandal phase Kurmi, Koeri and Yadav, the three backward castes who constitute the upper-OBC due to their advantageous position in the socio-economic sphere of agrarian society became the new political elite of the state.[58]

Notable People

Politics

Military and Paramilitary

  • Chandraket Prasad Yadav, awarded the Vir Chakra and Yudh Seva Medal for showing superior combat skills in 1971 Indo-Pakistani War and destroying Pakistan tank.[68]
  • Naik Ganesh Prasad Yadav, posthumously awarded the Vir Chakra for his exceptional courage, unyielding fighting spirit and supreme sacrifice during OP Vijay in Kargil War.[69]
  • Corporal Jyoti Prakash Nirala, posthumously awarded the Ashoka Chakra, India's highest peacetime military decoration in January 2018.
  • Lance Naik Bidyanand Singh, posthumously awarded the Sena Medal for his exceptional courage, devotion to duty, and supreme sacrifice during Operation Vijay in Kargil War.[70]
  • Chitesh Kumar, Deputy Commandant of CRPF, was awarded the Shaurya Chakra for his unparalleled courage, fortitude and gallant action while fighting with the Maoists.[71]
  • Captain Ashutosh Kumar, posthumously awarded the Shaurya Chakra for his commendable bravery, leadership, and supreme sacrifice during Marchil sector OP (2020).[72]
  • Lt. Cdr Mritunjay Kumar, awarded the Shaurya Chakra for his act of gallantry during OP Shokbaba Forest (2021) in Kashmir.[73]

Sports

Film, television and entertainment

Others

Present circumstances

It is shown in the Bengal Census Report that 80 per cent of the Ahirs in Bihar are engaged in agriculture.[75]

See also

References

  1. ^ Yadav, Kripal Chandra; Singh, Rajbir (1994). India's Unequal Citizens: A Study of Other Backward Classes. Manohar. ISBN 978-81-7304-069-6.
  2. ^ Jha, Makhan (1997). Anthropology of Ancient Hindu Kingdoms: A Study in Civilizational Perspective. M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. ISBN 978-81-7533-034-4.
  3. ^ Malik, S. C. (8 November 2022). Indian Movements: Some Aspects of Dissent Protest and Reform. DK Printworld (P) Ltd. ISBN 978-81-246-1123-4.
  4. ^ Sharma, Shish Ram (2002). Protective Discrimination: Other Backward Classes in India. Raj Publications. ISBN 978-81-86208-23-6.
  5. ^ Singh, Santosh (9 October 2015). Ruled or Misruled: Story and Destiny of Bihar. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-93-85436-42-0.
  6. ^ "Bihar Elections 2015: In Yadav strongholds, Lalu's charm still endures". DNA India. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  7. ^ D'Souza, Freddie (2005). Maid in Hell: Real Life Accounts of the Atrocities Faced by House Maids. Justice and Peace Commission. ISBN 978-81-7495-163-2.
  8. ^ Pinch, William R. (18 June 1996). Peasants and Monks in British India. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-91630-2.
  9. ^ Nijjar, Bakhshish Singh (2008). Origins and History of Jats and Other Allied Nomadic Tribes of India: 900 B.C.-1947 A.D. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 193. ISBN 978-81-269-0908-7.
  10. ^ Ambedkar, Bhimrao Ramji (1979). Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar, Writings and Speeches: Riddles in Hinduism. Education Department, Government of Maharashtra.
  11. ^ Ram, Babu (1959). Hand-book on India for Political-workers. Chowdhry Babu Ram.
  12. ^ Chattopadhyaya, Haraprasad (1987). Internal Migration in India: A Case Study of Bengal. K.P. Bagchi & Company. p. 531. ISBN 978-81-7074-008-7.
  13. ^ Baillie, D. C. (1894). Census of India, 1891: The north-western provinces and Onoh. Imperial castle tables. Oudh Government Press.
  14. ^ Crooke, William (1896). The Tribes and Castes of the North-western Provinces and Oudh. Government printing.
  15. ^ a b Congress, Indian History (1997). Proceedings. Indian History Congress.
  16. ^ Barik, Radhakanta (2006). Land and Caste Politics in Bihar. Shipra Publications. ISBN 978-81-7541-305-4.
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  37. ^ Pandey, Ramdin (1979). Palāmū kā itihāsa (in Hindi). Pāṇḍeya.
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  58. ^ Kumar, Sanjay (19 February 2018). Post-Mandal Politics in Bihar: Changing Electoral Patterns. SAGE Publishing India. ISBN 978-93-5280-586-0.
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  60. ^ Singh, Santosh (1 December 2020). JP to BJP: Bihar after Lalu and Nitish. SAGE Publishing India. ISBN 978-93-5388-667-7.
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  63. ^ Yadav, Laloo Prasad; Verma, Nalin (2019). Gopalganj to Raisina: My Political Journey. Rupa. ISBN 978-93-5333-313-3.
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  73. ^ "Brave Marine Commando MARCOS Lt Cdr Mritunjay Kumar Shaurya Chakra". 11 May 2023. Retrieved 29 August 2024.
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