Jump to content

2022 Atlantic hurricane season

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by El Cubano 153 (talk | contribs) at 18:06, 9 November 2022. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

2022 Atlantic hurricane season
Season summary map
Seasonal boundaries
First system formedJune 5, 2022
Last system dissipatedSeason ongoing
Strongest storm
NameFiona[nb 1]
 • Maximum winds130 mph (215 km/h)
(1-minute sustained)
 • Lowest pressure932 mbar (hPa; 27.52 inHg)
Seasonal statistics
Total depressions16
Total storms14
Hurricanes7
Major hurricanes
(Cat. 3+)		2
Total fatalities> 319 total
Total damage> $53.52 billion (2022 USD)
Related articles
Atlantic hurricane seasons
2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024

The 2022 Atlantic hurricane season is the current cycle of the annual tropical cyclone season in the Atlantic Ocean in the Northern Hemisphere. The season officially began on June 1, and will end on November 30. These dates, adopted by convention, historically describe the period in each year when most subtropical or tropical cyclogenesis occurs in the Atlantic Ocean.[1] This year's first named storm, Tropical Storm Alex, developed five days after the start of the season, making this the first season since 2014 not to have a pre-season named storm. There have been fourteen named tropical storms so far in the season. Seven of them strengthened into a hurricane, and two reached major hurricane intensity (Category 3 or higher on the Saffir–Simpson scale).

In July, Tropical Storm Bonnie formed and quickly made landfall along the Costa Rica–Nicaragua border. It then crossed over into the Pacific basin a day later, becoming the first to survive the crossover from the Atlantic to the Pacific since Hurricane Otto in 2016. The same day as Bonnie's crossover, Tropical Stom Colin unexpectedly formed inland over coastal South Carolina. It quickly weakened and dissipated the next day after moving into coastal North Carolina. Following this activity, tropical cyclogenesis was suppressed across the basin for several weeks by a combination of high wind shear, drier air, and the presence of the Saharan Air Layer.[2] As a result, this was the first season since 1997 in which no tropical cyclones formed in August, and the first season on record to do so during a La Niña year.[3] After a 60-day lull in tropical cyclone activity, Hurricanes Danielle and Earl formed on September 1 and 3 respectively, with Danielle becoming the season's first hurricane. The last season to have its first hurricane develop this late was 2013.[4] Activity then increased tremendously towards the end of the month as four named storms formed in quick succession. Among them, Hurricane Fiona became the season's first major hurricane on September 20, which is about three weeks later than when the first one typically forms.[5] Hurricane Ian became the second major hurricane of the season on September 27, before inflicting major to catastrophic damage upon Western Cuba, Southwestern and Central Florida, and the Carolinas. Hurricane Julia formed in early October and became the second storm of the season to cross over into the Pacific basin intact after traversing Nicaragua.

Seasonal forecasts

Predictions of tropical activity in the 2022 season
Source Date Named
storms 		Hurricanes Major
hurricanes 		Ref
Average (1991–2020) 14.4 7.2 3.2 [6]
Record high activity 30 15 7† [7]
Record low activity 4 2† 0† [7]
CSU December 9, 2021 13–16 6–8 2–3 [8]
TSR December 10, 2021 18 8 3 [9]
TSR April 6, 2022 18 8 4 [10]
CSU April 7, 2022 19 9 4 [11]
TWC April 14, 2022 20 8 4 [12]
UA April 14, 2022 14 7 3 [13]
NCSU April 20, 2022 17–21 7–9 3–5 [14]
PSU May 9, 2022 11-19 N/A N/A [15]
UKMO* May 23, 2022 18 9 4 [16]
NOAA May 24, 2022 14–21 6–10 3–6 [17]
TSR May 31, 2022 18 8 4 [18]
CSU June 2, 2022 20 10 5 [19]
TWC June 17, 2022 21 9 4 [20]
UA June 20, 2022 15 7 3 [21]
TSR July 5, 2022 18 9 4 [22]
CSU July 7, 2022 20 10 5 [23]
UKMO August 2, 2022 16 6 4 [24]
NOAA August 4, 2022 14–20 6–10 3–5 [25]
CSU August 4, 2022 18 8 4 [25]
TWC August 18, 2022 17 7 3 [26]
Actual activity
 14 7 2
* June–November only
† Most recent of several such occurrences. (See all)

In advance of, and during, each hurricane season, several forecasts of hurricane activity are issued by national meteorological services, scientific agencies, and noted hurricane experts. These include forecasters from the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s Climate Prediction Center, Tropical Storm Risk (TSR), the United Kingdom's Met Office (UKMO), and Philip J. Klotzbach, William M. Gray and their associates at Colorado State University (CSU). The forecasts include weekly and monthly changes in significant factors that help determine the number of tropical storms, hurricanes, and major hurricanes within a particular year. According to NOAA and CSU, the average Atlantic hurricane season between 1991 and 2020 contained roughly 14 tropical storms, seven hurricanes, three major hurricanes, and an accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index of 72–111 units.[27] Broadly speaking, ACE is a measure of the power of a tropical or subtropical storm multiplied by the length of time it existed. It is only calculated for full advisories on specific tropical and subtropical systems reaching or exceeding wind speeds of 39 mph (63 km/h).[6] NOAA typically categorizes a season as above-average, average, or below-average based on the cumulative ACE index, but the number of tropical storms, hurricanes, and major hurricanes within a hurricane season is sometimes also considered.[6]

Pre-season forecasts

On December 9, 2021, CSU issued an extended range forecast for the 2022 hurricane season, giving a 40% chance of near-average activity with 13–16 named storms, 6–8 hurricanes, 2–3 major hurricanes, and an ACE index of about 130 units. The forecast also gave a 25% chance that the ACE Index would end up being around 170 units, and a 25% likelihood the likelihood that the index would end up around 80.[8] TSR also issued an extended range forecast on December 10, 2021.[9] It predicted overall near-average tropical activity with its ACE index, anticipating 18 tropical storms, 8 hurricanes and 3 intense hurricanes to form during the season. One of their factors was the expectation of a neutral El Niño-Southern Oscillation condition by the third quarter of 2022. This outlook had "large uncertainties".[9]

On April 7, CSU issued their first extended range seasonal forecast for the 2022 Atlantic hurricane season, predicting well above-average activity, with 19 named storms, 9 hurricanes, 4 major hurricanes and an ACE index of 160 units. Their factors supporting an active hurricane season included above average-sea surface temperatures in the subtropical Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea, and a cool neutral ENSO or weak La Niña pattern, corresponding to a low chance of an El Niño.[28] On April 14, 2022, University of Arizona (UA) issued its seasonal prediction for a slightly above-average hurricane season, with 14 named storms, seven hurricanes, three major hurricanes, and an ACE index of 129 units.[13] North Carolina State University (NCSU) made its prediction for the season on April 20, calling for an above-average season with 17 to 21 named storms, 7 to 9 hurricanes, and 3 to 5 major hurricanes.[14]

On May 23, UKMO issued their own forecast for the 2022 season, predicting an above average season with 18 named storms, 9 hurricanes, and 4 major hurricanes, with a 70% chance that each of these statistics will fall between 13 and 23, 6 and 12, and 2 and 6, respectively.[16] The following day, NOAA's Climate Prediction Center issued their forecasts for the season, predicting a 65% chance of above-average activity and 25% chance for below-average activity, with 14–21 named storms, 6–10 hurricanes, and 3–6 major hurricanes.[17]

Mid-season forecasts

On June 2, CSU updated their extended range seasonal forecast, increasing the amount of tropical cyclones to 20 named storms, 10 hurricanes, 5 major hurricanes, and an overall ACE index of 180 units. This was done after later analysis of lower chances of an El Niño during the season, as well as a warmer than average tropical Atlantic.[29] On June 20, 2022, University of Arizona (UA) updated its seasonal prediction, which is very similar to its April prediction, with 15 named storms, seven hurricanes, three major hurricanes, and an ACE index of 131 units.[21] On July 5, TSR released their third forecast for the season, slightly increasing their numbers to 18 named storms, 9 hurricanes, and 4 major hurricanes. This prediction was largely based on the persistence of the weak La Niña into the third quarter of the year.[22] On July 7, CSU did not make changes to their updated prediction of 20 named storms, 10 hurricanes, and 5 major hurricanes.[23] UKMO's updated forecast on August 2 called for 16 named storms, 6 hurricanes, and 4 major hurricanes.[24] Two days later, NOAA and CSU each revised their activity outlook slightly downward, though both still predicted that the season would end up being busier than the 30-year average. The revisions were made in part because of the relative slow start to the season (as compared to the past couple), with only three short-lived named storms as of the start of August.[25]

Seasonal summary

For a chronological guide, see Timeline of the 2022 Atlantic hurricane season.
Hurricane Julia (2022)Tropical Storm Hermine (2022)Hurricane IanHurricane FionaHurricane Earl (2022)Hurricane Danielle (2022)Tropical Storm Colin (2022)Hurricane Bonnie (2022)Tropical Storm Alex (2022)Saffir–Simpson scale
A satellite photo of Tropical Storm Earl (bottom left) and Hurricane Danielle (top right) both active simultaneously on September 5, 2022.
Tropical Storm Earl (bottom left) and Hurricane Danielle (top right) on September 5

The 2022 season was the first season since 2014 to not have a pre-season named storm.[30] Activity began with the formation of Tropical Storm Alex on June 5, after several days of slow development while traversing the Gulf of Mexico and then moving over Central Florida. The storm peaked at near-hurricane strength before becoming extratropical over the Central North Atlantic. At the beginning of July, Tropical Storm Bonnie formed in the Southern Caribbean Sea and made landfall shortly thereafter near the Costa Rica–Nicaragua border. It then crossed over into the Pacific basin a day later, the first storm to do so since Hurricane Otto in 2016,[31] where it would become a Category 3 hurricane. On the same day that Bonnie crossed over, a low-pressure system over coastal South Carolina abruptly organized into Tropical Storm Colin, a short-lived storm that dissipated the next day over eastern North Carolina. Tropical activity then ceased, with no tropical cyclones forming for almost two months. 2022 became the first season to not have a tropical cyclone form in August since 1997.[3] One disturbance over the Gulf of Mexico during the middle of the month was briefly designated as a potential tropical cyclone, but it did not organize into a tropical cyclone before moving inland over Northeastern Mexico.[32]

Four tropical cyclones active simultaneously on September 23: Hurricane Fiona (top-left), Tropical Storm Gaston (top-right), Tropical Storm Hermine (bottom-right), and Tropical Depression Nine (bottom-left, which ultimately became Hurricane Ian). The wave that would later spawn Tropical Depression Eleven can be seen to the left of Hermine.

Tropical activity ultimately resumed with the formation of Tropical Storm Danielle over the Central Atlantic on September 1. The storm intensified into a hurricane the following day, the latest "first hurricane of the season" since 2013.[33] It remained nearly stationary far to the west of the Azores for several days before moving northeastward and becoming extratropical on September 8 without affecting any land areas. Additionally, a slow-developing disturbance east of the Lesser Antilles became organized and developed into Tropical Storm Earl late on September 2–3.[34] It strengthened into a hurricane, tracked east of Bermuda, fluctuating between Category 1 and 2 intensity, and then became extratropical near Newfoundland on September 10. Four days later, Tropical Storm Fiona formed in the Central Atlantic. Fiona eventually became a hurricane, striking both Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic before becoming the season's first major hurricane as it passed by the Turks and Caicos Islands on September 20. That same day, Tropical Storm Gaston formed over the Central Atlantic. Fiona would strengthen into a Category 4 hurricane as it passed west of Bermuda while Gaston would strike the Azores. As Fiona transitioned into a powerful extratropical cyclone that would strike Nova Scotia on September 23, Tropical Storm Hermine and Tropical Depression Nine formed in the Eastern Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea respectively, marking the first time since 2020 that four tropical cyclones were active simultaneously in the Atlantic basin.[35] Hermine, one of the easternmost Atlantic tropical storms on record, brought heavy rainfall to the Canary Islands. Tropical Depression Nine rapidly strengthened into Hurricane Ian, which made landfall in western Cuba as a high-end Category 3 hurricane, southwestern Florida as a high-end Category 4 hurricane and in South Carolina as a Category 1. Next, Tropical Depression Eleven formed during the last week in September, and then Tropical Depression Twelve formed one week later. Ultimately, neither cyclone strengthened into a tropical storm. Soon thereafter, Hurricane Julia formed just off the coast of Venezuela. After traversing Nicaragua intact, Julia entered the Pacific basin. Not since 1996 has more than one storm crossed between the Atlantic and Pacific basins intact during a single season.[36] On October 11, Tropical Storm Karl formed in the Bay of Campeche. Two Category 1 hurricanes were active during the first week in November: Lisa, in the Caribbean, and Martin, in the central Atlantic. Thus, for the first time since Michelle and Noel in 2001, two November Atlantic hurricanes were at hurricane strength simultaneously.[37] Soon thereafter, Tropical Storm Nicole formed.

This season's ACE index as of 09:00 UTC on November 9, as calculated by Colorado State University using data from the NHC, is approximately 93.4 units.[38] This number represents the sum of the squares of the maximum sustained wind speed (knots) for all named storms while they are at least tropical storm intensity, divided by 10,000. Therefore, tropical depressions are not included.[39]

Systems

Tropical Storm Alex

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationJune 5 – June 6
Peak intensity70 mph (110 km/h) (1-min);
984 mbar (hPa)
Main article: Tropical Storm Alex (2022)

On May 31, a large low-pressure area developed near the Yucatán Peninsula, partially related to the Pacific basin remnants of Hurricane Agatha interacting with an upper-level trough over the Gulf of Mexico.[40] The low moved eastward over the Yucatán Peninsula, producing a large area of disorganized showers and thunderstorms over the peninsula and northwestern Caribbean Sea on June 1–2.[41] Due to the threat the developing system posed to Cuba, the Florida Keys and South Florida, the National Hurricane Center initiated advisories on it, designating it as Potential Tropical Cyclone One at 21:00 UTC on June 2.[42] As it proceeded northeastward over the Gulf of Mexico, the disturbance was being buffeted by 25–35 mph (35–55 km/h) southwesterly shear, which limited its ability to intensify. On June 3, two Hurricane Hunters missions into the system found deep convection ongoing near and to the east of the estimated center, but no conclusive evidence of a closed circulation.[43][44] Early the following day, the broad and poorly-defined center of the disturbance moved over southwestern Florida.[45] Then, after moving into the Atlantic later that same day, a well-defined center formed with sufficient convection, resulting in it being upgraded to Tropical Storm Alex at 06:00 UTC on June 5.[46] The storm intensified some later that same day, attaining sustained winds of 70 mph (110 km/h) as it passed west of Bermuda.[47] Soon thereafter, Alex began its extra-tropical transition, a process that was complete by 21:00 UTC on June 6.[48]

While a potential tropical cyclone, what would later become Alex produced significant rainfall across western Cuba and South Florida, which resulted in flash flooding across both regions. During a 30-hour period on June 2–3, Paso Real de San Diego in the province of Pinar del Río recorded about 12 inches (301 mm) of rain, and Playa Girón in Matanzas received over 8 inches (193 mm).[49] There were four storm related deaths in Cuba,[50][51] and numerous homes and bridges were damaged by the flooding.[52] Between 7:00 a.m. local time on June 3, and 10:00 p.m. the following day, Miami saw just over 11 inches (28 cm) of rain, while Hollywood had just over 9 inches (23 cm). Naples, near where the storm's estimated center came onshore, also had close to 9 inches (23 cm).[51] Across Broward County and Miami-Dade County, there were a combined 3,543 power outages.[53]

Tropical Storm Bonnie

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationJuly 1 – July 2 (Exited basin)
Peak intensity50 mph (85 km/h) (1-min);
997 mbar (hPa)
Main article: Hurricane Bonnie (2022)

A tropical wave moved off the northwest coast of Africa south of 10°N on June 23, producing a large but disorganized area of showers and thunderstorms.[54][55] The low-level wind circulation associated with the system became better defined[56] and thunderstorm activity increased[57] on June 25–26, as it moved along a west to west-northwesterly track toward the southernmost Windward Islands. A NOAA Hurricane Hunters mission on June 27, reported tropical-storm-strength winds on the north side of the disturbance, but indicated that it had not yet shown a well-defined closed circulation. Although it could not yet be classified as a tropical cyclone, due to the threat the system posed to the Lesser Antilles, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) initiated advisories on it as Potential Tropical Cyclone Two later that same day.[58][59] Later, after moving through the southern Windward Islands late on June 28, the disturbance sped west at 26 mph (43 km/h) toward the coast of South America.[60] Over the next couple of days, the system passed just to the north of Venezuela, where it was hindered from developing a distinct low-level circulation due to its fast forward speed and its interaction with land. Yet all the while it generated sustained winds of tropical-storm strength.[61] As the disturbance moved toward Central America on the morning of July 1, it became sufficiently organized to be classified as a tropical storm and was given the name Bonnie.[62] Embedded in a low-shear and warm SST environment, Bonnie started to steadily intensify.[63] At 03:00 UTC on July 2, Bonnie made landfall near the Costa Rica–Nicaragua border at its peak intensity within the Atlantic with sustained winds of 50 mph (85 km/h).[64] Bonnie then crossed Central America and exited into the Eastern Pacific basin 12 hours later.[65]

Bonnie and its precursor disturbance produced gusty winds and heavy rainfall as it tracked through the southern Caribbean Sea.[61] In Nicaragua, authorities reported four deaths in relation to the storm.[66]

Tropical Storm Colin

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationJuly 2 – July 3
Peak intensity40 mph (65 km/h) (1-min);
1011 mbar (hPa)
Main article: Tropical Storm Colin (2022)

An area of low pressure formed offshore of Savannah, Georgia, on the morning of July 1, and moved inland across coastal South Carolina later that same day. During this time the system unexpectedly developed with persistent deep convection forming close to the center and quickly becoming well organized.[67] On July 2, at 09:00 UTC, Tropical Storm Colin formed about 50 mi (80 km) southwest of Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, with sustained winds of 40 mph (65 km/h) and an estimated central pressure of 1011 mbar (29.9 inHg).[68] The storm became increasingly disorganized later that day, with its circulation becoming elongated from north-northeast to south-southwest due to high wind shear and continued land interaction.[69] By 03:00 UTC on July 3, after passing Wilmington, North Carolina, Colin had weakened to a tropical depression.[70] The system dissipated over eastern North Carolina nine hours later.[71]

Most of Colin's heavy rains and strong winds remained out over the Atlantic due to its proximity to the coast and northwesterly shear of around 25 mph (35 km/h).[72] Rainfall totals inland ranged from 2–3 in (51–76 mm) in parts of the Midlands of South Carolina to near 7 in (180 mm) near Charleston, South Carolina.[73] A Fourth of July weekend event in Charleston was cancelled because of flooding at the event site, as was a festival in Southport, North Carolina.[74] One person drowned off the coast of Oak Island after being pulled out by rip currents.[75]

Hurricane Danielle

Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS)
 
DurationSeptember 1 – September 8
Peak intensity90 mph (150 km/h) (1-min);
972 mbar (hPa)
Main article: Hurricane Danielle (2022)

On August 30, an area of low pressure formed along a decaying frontal zone over the central subtropical Atlantic.[76] The disturbance quickly organized and developed into Tropical Depression Five early on September 1 before strengthening into Tropical Storm Danielle later that evening.[77] The storm continued to strengthen and became a Category 1 hurricane on September 2.[78] It stalled the following day, caught south of a blocking high, and weakened back into a tropical storm due to upwelling of cooler waters and some dry air.[79] Later, the storm began drifting toward the west, where it again strengthened into a hurricane overnight September 3–4.[80] After turning northwestward, Danielle reached its peak intensity with sustained winds of 90 mph (150 km/h) early on September 5,[81] It then moved over a relatively cool part of the Gulf Stream and weakened to a low-end Category 1 hurricane.[82] Danielle briefly re-intensified when it moved over marginally warm waters on September 7, but resumed a weakening trend shortly afterwards.[83] Danielle weakened to a tropical storm on September 8[84] before transitioning into an extratropical cyclone later that day.[85]

Large waves and heavy rain hit the Azores.[86] Danielle made an extratropical cyclone landfall in Portugal, bringing heavy rain to the country. Between September 12–13, 644 accidents were reported throughout the country. Many downed trees and flash floods were reported.[87] In Manteigas, floods and landslides caused major damage. Four vehicles were dragged into the Zêzere River. Heavy rain extended to as far out as Braga. Covilhã saw 67.2mm of rain while Viseu saw 62mm of rain. Minor wind and flooding damage was reported in both Lisbon and Setúbal. The Portugese government issued a "state of calamity" after Danielle passed by.[88] Spain saw heavy rain when Danielle hit.[89]

Hurricane Earl

Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS)
 
DurationSeptember 3 – September 10
Peak intensity105 mph (165 km/h) (1-min);
954 mbar (hPa)
Main article: Hurricane Earl (2022)

A tropical wave producing widespread disorganized showers and thunderstorms moved off the west coast of Africa on August 25.[90] After moving across the eastern and central tropical Atlantic, the disturbance encountered environmental conditions east of the Leeward Islands that were only marginally conducive for tropical cyclone development.[91] After struggling against high wind shear for several days, the disturbance was finally able to become better organized and developed into Tropical Storm Earl early on September 3.[92] A burst of deep convection occurred near Earl's center during the evening of September 5, and a Hurricane Hunters mission into the storm later that night reported that it briefly strengthened to very near hurricane strength.[93] Earl's intensity continued to fluctuate throughout much of the next day due to continued effects of westerly deep-layer shear.[94] Later that day, the shear began to quickly diminish, and Earl became better organized, strengthening into a hurricane around 00:00 UTC on September 7.[95] By 03:00 UTC on September 8, Earl reached Category 2 strength while moving northward; Hurricane Hunters data showed it to have an eye of almost 60 mi (90 km) and a fairly symmetric wind field.[96] Three hours later the hurricane attained peak sustained winds of 105 mph (165 km/h).[97] Despite being forecasted to continue strengthening into a Category 4 hurricane, Earl's inner core was repeatedly interrupted due to dry air entrainment and it fluctuated in strength the following day while passing well to the east of Bermuda despite being over very warm sea surface temperatures of around 84–86 °F (28–29 °C).[98] It briefly weakened to Category 1 strength early on September 9,[99] before rebounding to Category 2 strength with a peak intensity of 105 mph (165 km/h) sustained winds and a minimum barometric pressure of 954 mbar (28.17 inHg). At this time, Earl had become a large hurricane, with hurricane-force winds extending outward up to 80 miles (130 km) from the center and tropical-storm-force winds extend outward up to 275 miles (445 km).[100] After maintaining this intensity for several hours, Earl weakened to a Category 1 hurricane again at 15:00 UTC on September 10, then transitioned into an extratropical low south of Cape Race, Newfoundland six hours later.[101]

Two people died on September 4 in Salinas, Puerto Rico, after being struck by lightning while riding a jet ski.[102][103] Bermuda was buffeted with sustained winds of 35 mph (60 km/h) as Hurricane Earl passed within about 90 mi (145 km) of the island's eastern coast; higher gusts were reported, including one of 67 mph (108 km/h) at the National Museum of Bermuda. There were localized power outages across the archipelago but no large-scale damage was observed.[104][105] During a 36-hour period September 10–12, 7–8 in (175–200 mm) of rain fell in the St. Johns area, causing overflowing along the Waterford River which led to urban flooding. Similar rainfall amounts were also reported in communities throughout the Avalon Peninsula. Additionally, the cyclone caused rough surf which damaged the breakwater on the coast in the area of Trepassey, Newfoundland and Labrador, causing localized flooding.[106]

Hurricane Fiona

Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS)
 
DurationSeptember 14 – September 24
Peak intensity130 mph (215 km/h) (1-min);
932 mbar (hPa)
Main article: Hurricane Fiona

Early on September 12, the NHC began to monitor a tropical wave over the central tropical Atlantic for gradual development, though environmental conditions for development were assessed as only marginally favorable.[107] Even so, shower and thunderstorm activity within the disturbance began to become more concentrated later that same day,[108] then increased and became better organized during the next day.[109] The circulation associated with the system became more defined and persisted overnight and into the morning of September 14, attaining sufficient organization to designated as Tropical Depression Seven later that day.[110] Despite the continued effects of moderate westerly shear and dry mid-level air flow,[111] new satellite imagery indicated the depression had strengthened, thus at 01:45 UTC on September 15, it became Tropical Storm Fiona.[112] The storm moved over Guadeloupe as a 50 mph (85 km/h) tropical storm around 00:00 UTC on September 16 and then entered the eastern Caribbean.[113] Early on September 18, the storm strengthened into a hurricane as it approached Puerto Rico,[114] before making landfall there that afternoon about 15 mi (25 km) south-southeast of Mayaguez, with maximum sustained winds of 85 mph (140 km/h).[115] It then emerged over the Mona Passage, and strengthened slightly further before making landfall near Boca de Yuma, Dominican Republic, with maximum sustained winds of 90 mph (150 km/h).[116] Fiona weakened slightly as it moved overland, but began to rapidly strengthen once back over water, becoming a Category 2 hurricane by 21:00 UTC on September 19,[117] and then a Category 3 major hurricane early the next morning near Grand Turk Island.[5] Further intensification resulted in it reaching Category 4 strength with maximum sustained winds of 130 mph (210 km/h) at 06:00 UTC on September 21,[118] while moving northward across very warm waters with surface temperatures of 84–86 °F (29–30 °C).[119][118]

Fiona's winds then held steady for a couple of days while its central pressure dropped to 932 mbar (27.52 inHg) at 00:00 UTC on September 22,[120] the hurricane's peak intensity as a tropical cyclone. Fiona's wind field also began to grow in size and tropical storm-strength winds impacted Bermuda for several hours on September 23, despite Fiona passing well west of the island.[121] Fiona, weakened to a Category 3 hurricane that morning,[122] but briefly rebounded to Category 4 strength several hours later as it moved northeastward at about 35 mph (56 km/h),[123] before weakening once more to a Category 3 strength late that same day.[124] Shortly thereafter, Fiona weakened again before turning northward and quickly transitioning into a large and powerful post-tropical cyclone as it approached the coast of Nova Scotia at 03:00 UTC on September 24.[125] Soon thereafter, the system made landfall in eastern Nova Scotia 07:00 UTC with 100 mph (160 km/h) winds and a pressure of 931 mbar (27.49 inHg), slowing rapidly as it did so.[126] It then moved over Cape Breton Island with hurricane strength winds, although it continued to weaken as it moved northward.[127] When the NHC issued its final advisory on Fiona at 21:00 UTC that same day, it was centered about 80 mi (130 km) northwest of Port aux Basques, Newfoundland, and had maximum sustained winds of 70 mph (110 km/h).[128] Fiona would continue to weaken as it moved erratically northward into the northwestern Atlantic before dissipating west of Greenland over Baffin Bay on September 28.

Altogether, at least 22 deaths have been attributed to Fiona. One death was confirmed in Guadeloupe, while at least two deaths were confirmed in the Dominican Republic and three in Canada.[119][129] In Puerto Rico, as of September 24, the Department of Health had confirmed 16 deaths related to the path of the system.[130][131] Still recovering from the effects of Hurricane Maria in 2017, torrential rains fell island-wide on September 18–19, up to 25 in (640 mm) in some regions, causing destructive flash flooding that washed out roads and bridges. In addition, the effects of the storm resulted in the island-wide power grid being knocked out.[116][132] In Canada, homes and businesses across The Maritimes, Quebec's North Coast and Newfoundland were destroyed and several hundred thousand people were left without power in Fiona's wake.[129]

Tropical Storm Gaston

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationSeptember 20 – September 26
Peak intensity65 mph (100 km/h) (1-min);
995 mbar (hPa)

A tropical wave moved off the coast of West Africa into the tropical Atlantic on September 12, producing disorganized showers and thunderstorms, but doing so in an environment just marginally favorable for development.[133] By September 15, the wave had moved generally westward to about midway between Africa and the Lesser Antilles.[134] There the showers and thunderstorms continued within the northern portion of the wave.[135] The disturbance then transitioned into a trough of low pressure on September 17, as it moved slowly northward.[136] After showing little signs of development over the next two day, a low-pressure formed within the trough and convection began to organize around it. Upon producing a well-defined center and persistent deep convection, became Tropical Depression Eight at 15:00 UTC on September 20.[137] The depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Gaston six hours later while it was located about 990 mi (1595 km) west of the Azores.[138] Gaston quickly intensified, attaining peak sustained winds of 65 mph (105 km/h) the following day, just 18 hours after formation.[139] However, additional strengthening was prevented as dry air became entrained into the eastern portion of the circulation.[140] Gaston then maintained its intensity for two days as it accelerated northeastward toward the western Azores despite being in an environment of moderate to strong shear, relatively dry air, and cool sea surface temperatures.[141] On September 23, Gaston began to interact with a shortwave trough/baroclinic zone, which shunted all of its the deep convection to the northeastern portion of the storm and it weakened slightly as it slowed down and began an anticyclonic loop through the central Azores along the southern side of a mid-level ridge.[142][143] However, Gaston restrenghtened later that day as convection reformed over northern and western sides of its circulation and it reached its peak intensity with sustained winds of 65 mph (100 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 995 mbar (29.38 inHg) at 15:00 UTC.[144][145] Relentless wind shear then stripped Gaston of its deep convection and the storm began to weaken again early the next morning as it continued its loop, which it completed later that day as it passed just west of the central Azores.[146][147] Now moving westward away from the Azores, Gaston dropped to minimal tropical storm strength, but restrengthened for a third time as a large burst of convection developed over the northern portion of the circulation as it interacted with an upper-level trough.[148] Its winds increased to 50 mph (80 km/h) on the morning of September 25 and it maintained this intensity for most of the day as it center reformed under the convective mass.[149][150] However, Gaston soon moved away from the trough and wind shear quickly removed the remaining deep convection from the storm late that afternoon.[151] Convection did not reform over Gaston and it weakened for the final time before being declared a post-tropical cyclone at 03:00 UTC on September 26.[152]

Heavy rainfall and tropical storm force winds were reported across the Azores, especially in the western and central islands.[153] A weather station at Horta on Faial Island measured a wind gust to 41 mph (66 km/h) as Gaston passed through.[154]

Hurricane Ian

Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS)
 
DurationSeptember 23 – September 30
Peak intensity155 mph (250 km/h) (1-min);
936 mbar (hPa)
Main article: Hurricane Ian

On September 19, the NHC began tracking a tropical wave to the east of the Windward Islands for possible gradual development.[155] Two days later, the disturbance passed over Trinidad and Tobago as it entered the southeast Caribbean, and then near to the ABC Islands and the northern coast of South America. On September 22, while moving west-northwestward, it showed signs of increasing organization, though strong wind shear of 30–35 mph (45–55 km/h) generated by the upper-level outflow from Hurricane Fiona was inhibiting development of a tropical depression.[156] Even so, a well-defined circulation was able to form within the disturbance that day; its convection then increased and become persistent over night into the next day, resulting in it being designated Tropical Depression Nine early on September 23.[157] The organization of the depression improved slowly over the course of that day, and it became Tropical Storm Ian at 03:00 UTC on September 24.[158] The high wind shear from Fiona was gone completely by the next day,[35] as the storm entered the central Caribbean where it encountered wind, water and atmosphere conditions favorable for intensification: light wind shear, warm 86°F (30°C) sea surface temperatures and a mid-level relative humidity of 70%.[159] In this environment, Ian quickly become better organized and strengthened into an Category 1 hurricane at 09:00 UTC on September 26.[160] Twelve hours later, it intensified into a Category 2 hurricane as it approached the western tip of Cuba.[161] At 08:30 UTC on September 27, Ian made landfall near La Coloma, in Pinar del Río Province, Cuba, as a high-end Category 3 hurricane, with sustained winds of 125 mph (205 km/h).[162] After about six hours over land, Ian emerged off the north coast of Cuba into the Gulf of Mexico, still a major hurricane – though a slightly weaker one.[163]

Later, overnight September 27–28, the hurricane moved directly over Dry Tortugas National Park in the Florida Keys with sustained winds of 120 mph (195 km/h),[164] as it was undergoing an eye replacement cycle. Once that cycle was complete, Ian rapidly strengthened, reaching Category 4 intensity on the morning of September 28, according to data from a Reserve Hurricane Hunter aircraft,[165] with its maximum sustained winds rising to a high-end Category 4 speed of near 155 mph (250 km/h) by 10:35 UTC.[166] Later, at 19:05 UTC, Ian made landfall at Cayo Costa Island, with winds of 150 mph (240 km/h).[167] And then, an hour and a half later, on the Florida mainland, just south of Punta Gorda, with maximum sustained winds of 145 mph (230 km/h).[168] It then proceeded across Central Florida before moving off shore into the Atlantic Ocean at 15:00 UTC near Cape Canaveral as strong tropical storm.[169] At the time, the storm was exhibiting some extra tropical characteristics, such as a comma-pattern and some frontal features in its outer circulation. Even so, it remained a hybrid tropical cyclone as it maintained a warm core. Later that day, while making a turn to the north-northeast, Ian reintensified into a hurricane as it moved over the Gulf Stream.[170] The system turned northward on morning of September 30, and accelerated. During this time, deep convection re-developed near the center of the storm and the frontal features moved away from its core. An eyewall also began to form around a portion of its circulation.[171] At 18:05 UTC that same day, Ian made its third landfall near Georgetown, South Carolina, with sustained winds of 85 mph (140 km/h).[172] Ian began to weaken inland, and transitioned into a post-tropical cyclone over coastal South Carolina three hours after landfall.[173] The cyclone later dissipated over southern Virginia late on October 1.[174]

While in the early stages of developing, the system brought gusty winds and heavy rain to Trinidad and Tobago,[175][176] the ABC Islands and to the northern coast of South America on September 21–22.[156] Ian killed five people in Cuba. It also caused extensive damage to homes, factories, roads and tobacco farms throughout the region. Power was initially knocked out throughout three provinces, but later the nation's entire electrical grid collapsed.[177][178] The highest 24-hour rainfall total recorded was 4.3 in (108.3 mm) at a weather station on Isla de la Juventud. Significant storm surge inundation occurred along the coasts of the Gulf of Guanahacabibes and Isla de la Juventud.[179]

As of October 6, more than 120 people have died in Florida as a result of the hurricane, including 49 in Lee County where it made landfall.[180] It also includes 7 Cuban migrants who drowned when their boat capsized off Stock Island as Ian moved through the Florida Keys; 11 others were still missing.[181] Numerous tornadoes touched down in South Florida on September 27, as Ian approached.[182] Ian inflicted catastrophic damage in Southwest Florida, washing out roads and bridges, toppling trees, and destroying homes and businesses.[183][184] Hardest hit was Lee County, where damage from the hurricane's 145 mph (235 km/h) winds was exacerbated by a storm surge which peaked at 7.25 ft (2.21 m) at Fort Myers. Inland, where significant flooding occurred, Orlando recorded a record breaking 24-hour rainfall total of 12.49 in (317.25 mm); and further east on the Atlantic coast, an amateur weather observer near New Smyrna Beach reported 28.60 in (726.44 mm) of rain in 27 hours.[169] Later, in South Carolina, Ian caused far less property damage, and there were no reports of casualties from the storm there.[185] Five storm-related deaths were, however, reported in North Carolina.[186] Ian's remnants also contributed to coastal flooding along the Mid-Atlantic coast.[187]

Tropical Storm Hermine

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationSeptember 23 – September 25
Peak intensity40 mph (65 km/h) (1-min);
1002 mbar (hPa)
Main article: Tropical Storm Hermine (2022)

On September 22, a tropical wave being monitored by the NHC emerged off the coast of West Africa into the tropical Atlantic east of Cabo Verde.[156] It quickly organized, becoming Tropical Depression Ten at 15:00 UTC on September 23,[188] and then strengthened into Tropical Storm Hermine six hours later.[189] It is one of few tropical cyclones on record (going back to 1851) to form this far east, and to track between the Cabo Verde Islands and the coast of Africa.[156] Development beyond a weak tropical storm was stymied by southwesterly shear into the next day, as it moved northward. On account of the shear, Hermine weakened into a tropical depression at 21:00 UTC on September 24,[190] and then degenerated into a post-tropical low the next day.[191]

Offshore, several migrant boats from the Western Sahara ran into the storm. One carrying 34 people became stranded and 33 of the occupants were lost while one was rescued.[192] Hermine brought heavy rainfall to the Canary Islands, causing localized flooding and downed trees. More than 140 flights were cancelled across the archipelago.[193] Damage across the archipelago exceeded 10 million euro (US$9.8 million).[194]

Tropical Depression Eleven

Tropical depression (SSHWS)
 
DurationSeptember 28 – September 29
Peak intensity35 mph (55 km/h) (1-min);
1008 mbar (hPa)

Early on September 21, the NHC began to monitor a tropical wave located west-southwest of the Cabo Verde Islands for possible gradual development.[195] The wave evolved into a broad area of low-pressure later that same day,[196] but the disturbance remained embedded within a dry air environment along with unfavorable upper-level winds and little to no organization occurred over the next few days as it meandered over the central tropical Atlantic.[197] Convection around the low-pressure area gradually began showing signs of organization on September 26,[198] and finally developed into a tropical depression at 15:00 UTC on September 28.[199] Despite an overnight burst of deep convection, the depression remained poorly organized on September 29, and began to deteriorate.[200] By 21:00 UTC that same day it had degenerated into a post-tropical remnant low.[201]

Tropical Depression Twelve

Tropical depression (SSHWS)
 
DurationOctober 4 – October 7
Peak intensity35 mph (55 km/h) (1-min);
1006 mbar (hPa)

Early on September 29, the NHC began to monitor a tropical wave moving off the west coast of Africa which was producing a broad area of showers and thunderstorms and moving into and into an environment conducive for gradual development.[202] The disturbance remained disorganized for the next few days as it moved over the eastern tropical Atlantic to the south of the Cabo Verde Islands.[203] It became better organized on October 3, as the convection around the center of it began to expand and the upper-level outflow increased.[187] The next day, a small circulation around a well-defined center developed within the disturbance, resulting in it being designated Tropical Depression Twelve.[204] The cyclone struggled to maintain organized deep convection throughout the day on October 5, due to persistent southwesterly shear.[205] The depression deteriorated further the following day, degenerating into a surface trough by 03:00 UTC on October 7.[206]

Hurricane Julia

Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS)
 
DurationOctober 7 – October 9 (Exited basin)
Peak intensity85 mph (140 km/h) (1-min);
982 mbar (hPa)
Main article: Hurricane Julia (2022)

On October 2, the NHC began monitoring a tropical wave over the central tropical Atlantic for possible gradual development.[207] A broad area of low pressure with an ill-defined center formed within the wave on October 4, as it approached the southern Windward Islands.[208] A hurricane hunter mission into the disturbance the following day found tropical storm-strength surface winds, but determined that it did not have a well-defined circulation center.[209] Due to the threat the developing system posed to land areas in the southern Caribbean, the NHC initiated advisories on it as Potential Tropical Cyclone Thirteen on October 6.[210] Later that day, after satellite imagery and radar data indicated that the disturbance had attained sufficient circulation and organized convection, and after hurricane hunter survey data showed the presence of 30–35 mph (45–55 km/h) winds north of the center, it was designated as a tropical depression.[211] A strong burst of deep convection developed near the center of the depression as it moved across the Guajira Peninsula in the early morning of October 7, and soon afterwards, it strengthened into Tropical Storm Julia over the adjacent southwestern Caribbean.[212] Afterward, the morning burst of deep convection was stripped away by northwesterly shear, and the storm's low-level center was exposed for the next several hours. Even so, Julia retained tropical storm intensity.[213] When the shear diminished there was an increase in persistent and deep convection over the center, and the storm began to gain strength.[214] Julia became a hurricane at 23:00 UTC on October 8,[215] and, about eight hours later made landfall near Laguna de Perlas, Nicaragua, with estimated sustained winds of 85 mph (140 km/h).[216] The system then gradually weakened to a tropical storm as it moved westward across the rugged terrain of Nicaragua, though it maintained a well-defined circulation and deep convection persisted near the center.[217] Still intact, Tropical Storm Julia crossed into the Eastern Pacific basin at 21:00 UTC on October 9.[218]

On October 5, the disturbance brought heavy thunderstorms to several of the Windward Islands and the Caribbean coast of South America. More than 2 in (51 mm) of rain fell in Trinidad and Tobago in less than a half hour, causing significant flash flooding.[209][219] A few days later in Venezuela, the heavy rain caused widespread flooding and landslides. In Las Tejerías, in north-central Venezuela, at least 54 people died and 50 went missing when mud and debris inundated the town.[220] In Central America, flooding and landslides caused widespread damage along with numerous fatalities , causing and at least four people have died: three in Honduras and one in Panama.[221] Altogether, at least 91 deaths are being attributed to Julia. In addition to the 54 deaths in Venezuela, it is blamed for 14 deaths in Guatemala, 10 in El Salvador,[222] 1 in Trinidad and Tobago,[219] 5 in Nicaragua, 2 in Panama, 4 in Honduras, and 1 in Mexico.

Tropical Storm Karl

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationOctober 11 – October 15
Peak intensity60 mph (95 km/h) (1-min);
998 mbar (hPa)

On October 10, the NHC began to monitor an area of disturbed weather located north of dissipating Tropical Storm Julia.[223] The low later moved over the Bay of Campeche, where conditions were conducive for further development.[224] There it became organized and rapidly strengthened into Tropical Storm Karl at 21:00 UTC on October 11.[225] A Hurricane Hunters mission into the storm the following morning found that Karl's sustained winds had increased to 60 mph (95 km/h) as it moved slowly northward.[226] However, increased wind shear began to weaken the storm early on October 13, and it stalled over the southwestern Gulf of Mexico.[227] Nonetheless, Karl's central pressure began to fall slightly after it began moving south-southeastward as the day progressed.[228] Moderate northwesterly shear and drier mid-level air continued to inhibit Karl from strengthening on October 14, as it moved toward the coast of southern Mexico. Satellite images that morning showed that the dense overcast around the storm's low-level center had become more symmetric overnight, with its heavy thunderstorms concentrated to the southeast of the center.[229] By that afternoon, the dry air and wind shear had taken their toll, snuffing out Karl's last burst of deep convection, after which it weakened to a tropical depression, and then deteriorated into a remnant low at 09:00 UTC on October 15.[230]

Karl caused significant flooding in southern Mexico, which damaged homes, businesses and bridges throughout the region. The heaviest rainfall occurred in Tabasco and neighboring Chiapas; Camoapa, Tabasco, recorded 15.3 in (387.9 mm) of rain in 24 hours on October 14–15, while Río de Janeiro, Chiapas, recorded 13.5 in (342.4 mm) during that same period.[231] Numerous families had to be evacuated from their homes because of the flooding, which also forced the evacuation of more than a thousand people attending a religious event in Pichucalco, Chiapas.[232][233] Additionally, three storm related fatalities were reported in Chiapas: one in Pichucalco and two in Juárez.[234]

Hurricane Lisa

Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS)
 
DurationOctober 31 – November 5
Peak intensity85 mph (140 km/h) (1-min);
987 mbar (hPa)

On October 28, a broad area of low pressure developed over the southeastern Caribbean producing a large area of disorganized showers and thunderstorms.[235] Early on October 30, data from two Hurricane Hunter aircraft missions into the disturbance showed that the low's center of circulation was becoming better defined and that it was producing winds of 35–40 mph (55–65 km/h) to the north of its center.[236] As a result, and due to the threat the developing system posed to land areas in the central Caribbean, the NHC initiated advisories on it as Potential Tropical Cyclone Fifteen later that day.[237] The disturbance became organized as Tropical Storm Lisa at 15:00 UTC on October 31, south of Jamaica. At the time, most of the storm's heavy thunderstorm activity was occurring to the east and south sides of the center as a result of westerly wind shear.[238] Later that day the shear began to decrease, allowing Lisa to become better organized. The storm began to form more convection to the northwest of the center and data from a hurricane hunters mission indicated that the low-level circulation was becoming less elongated.[239] The storm strengthened into a Category 1 hurricane on the morning of November 2, as it approached the coast of Belize,[240] which it crossed later that day, near the mouth of the Sibun River, with sustained winds of 85 mph (140 km/h),[241] Lisa weakened inland as it moved over northern Guatemala and then southern Mexico, where it became a tropical depression on the morning of November 3.[242] The cyclone then moved over the warm waters of the Bay of Campeche early the following day, where its deep convection increased, though confined primarily to the north of its center by strong upper-level southerly winds.[243] This renewed activity was short lived, however, though it continued to produce a few limited bursts of convection into November 5, when the cyclone degenerated into a remnant low.[244]

There were no reports of fatalities connected with Lisa. Passing over Belize City as it came ashore on November 2, Lisa's storm surge flooded much of the city.[242] High winds knocked down trees and electric poles, and damaged several homes; some structures collapsed completely. Altogether, the 12 shelters set up in the city housed 1,221 people. In Guatemala, Lisa caused flooding and a landslide, which damaged homes and property. About 143 people in the municipalities of Melchor de Mencos and San José were evacuated to shelters.[245][246] Lisa also brought heavy rains to southern Mexico.[242]

Hurricane Martin

Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS)
 
DurationNovember 1 – November 3
Peak intensity85 mph (140 km/h) (1-min);
960 mbar (hPa)

On October 31, the NHC began monitoring a non-tropical area of low pressure located in the central subtropical Atlantic that, although attached to a frontal boundary, had a small core with gale-force winds and a concentrated area of convection near its center.[247] Early on November 1, deep convection developed near the center, which had become separated from the frontal boundary. At the same time the system developed a non-frontal warm core, resulting in the formation of Tropical Storm Martin.[248] The storm continued to organize into the next day, as a better-defined eye developed, with a tight banding pattern wrapping around the center, which resulted in Martin strengthening into a Category 1 hurricane.[249] While maintaining hurricane strength, Martin transitioned into post-tropical cyclone on November 3, over the open North Atlantic.[250]

Tropical Storm Nicole

Tropical Storm Nicole
Current storm status
Category 1 hurricane (1-min mean)
Satellite image
Forecast map
As of:1:00 p.m. EST (18:00 UTC) November 9
Location:26°30′N 77°18′W / 26.5°N 77.3°W / 26.5; -77.3 (Tropical Storm Nicole) ± 20 nm
About 10 miles (15 km) W of Marsh Harbour, Great Abaco Island, Bahamas
About 175 miles (280 km) E of West Palm Beach, Florida
Sustained winds:120 kilometres per hour (75 mph; 65 kn) (1-min mean)
gusting to 75 knots (85 mph; 140 km/h)
Pressure:985 millibars (29.09 inHg)
Movement:W at 10 knots (12 mph; 19 km/h)
See more detailed information.

On November 4, the NHC began monitoring the northeastern Caribbean Sea and southwestern Atlantic where a large non-tropical low pressure system was expected to develop within a few days.[251] On November 5, an area of low pressure producing disorganized showers and thunderstorms developed just north of Puerto Rico.[252] Benefiting from the inflow of tropical moisture from the Caribbean and very warm 83°F (28.5°C) sea surface temperatures, the disturbance was soon exhibiting some subtropical characteristics,[253] and gradually becoming better organized. This trend continued, and it was classified as Subtropical Storm Nicole at 09:00 UTC on November 7.[254] The following morning, inner-core convection within the system improved and the radius of its maximum winds contracted, indicating that Nicole had transitioned into a tropical cyclone.[255]

Current storm information

As of 1:00 p.m. EST (18:00 UTC) November 9, Tropical Storm Nicole is located within 20 nautical miles of 26°30′N 77°18′W / 26.5°N 77.3°W / 26.5; -77.3, about 10 mi (15 km) west of Marsh Harbour and about 175 mi (280 km) east of West Palm Beach, Florida. Tropical Storm Nicole has maximum sustained winds of up to 60 knots (70 mph; 110 km/h), with gusts up to 75 knots (85 mph; 140 km/h). The minimum pressure within the storm is 985 mbar (29.09 inHg) and the storm is moving west at 10 knots (12 mph; 19 km/h). Tropical-storm force winds extend outward up to 460 mi (740 km) from Nicole's center.

For the latest official information, see:

Watches and warnings

Template:HurricaneWarningsTable

Other systems

Potential Tropical Cyclone Four off the northeastern coast of Mexico on August 20

On August 15, the NHC first noted the potential for tropical cyclone development in the southwestern Gulf of Mexico from a tropical wave that was located over the central Caribbean Sea.[256] The low emerged over the Gulf early on August 19 producing disorganized showers.[257] Due to the threat the developing system posed to northeastern Mexico and South Texas, the NHC initiated advisories on it as Potential Tropical Cyclone Four at 21:00 UTC that same day.[32] As the disturbance moved northwestward toward the Gulf coast of Mexico on August 20, a Hurricane Hunters mission found that it was still a surface trough.[258] Later that day, it moved inland, crossing the coast about 60 mi (95 km) southwest of the mouth of the Rio Grande.[259] With that, the window of opportunity for tropical development closed, and the NHC issued its last advisory on the system at 03:00 UTC on August 21.[32] The disturbance brought heavy rain to coastal Tamaulipas and coastal South Texas,[259] but no significant impacts associated with the disturbance were reported.[32]

Storm names

Main articles: Tropical cyclone naming, History of tropical cyclone naming, and List of historical tropical cyclone names

The following list of names is being used for named storms that form in the North Atlantic in 2022. Retired names, if any, will be announced by the World Meteorological Organization in the spring of 2023. The names not retired from this list will be used again in the 2028 season.[260] This is the same list used in the 2016 season, with the exceptions of Martin and Owen, which replaced Matthew and Otto, respectively.[261] The name Martin was used for the first time this season.

  • Owen (unused)
  • Paula (unused)
  • Richard (unused)
  • Shary (unused)
  • Tobias (unused)
  • Virginie (unused)
  • Walter (unused)

Season effects

This is a table of all of the storms that have formed in the 2022 Atlantic hurricane season. It includes their duration, names, landfall(s)–denoted by bold location names – damages, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a wave, or a low, and all of the damage figures are in 2022 USD.

Saffir–Simpson scale
TD TS C1 C2 C3 C4 C5
2022 North Atlantic tropical cyclone season statistics
Storm
name 		Dates active Storm category
at peak intensity 		Max 1-min
wind
mph (km/h) 		Min.
press.
(mbar) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Ref(s)
Alex June 5–6 Tropical storm 70 (110) 984 Yucatán Peninsula, Western Cuba, Florida, Northern Bahamas, Bermuda $104,000 4 [50]
Bonnie July 1–2 Tropical storm 50 (85) 997 Trinidad and Tobago, Grenada, Colombia, Venezuela, ABC Islands, Central America (before crossover) $25 million 4 [66][262]
Colin July 2–3 Tropical storm 40 (65) 1011 South Atlantic United States Minimal 1 [75]
Danielle September 1–8 Category 1 hurricane 90 (150) 972 Western Iberian Peninsula Unknown None
Earl September 3–10 Category 2 hurricane 105 (165) 954 Northern Leeward Islands, Puerto Rico, Bermuda, Newfoundland Minimal 2 [102][105][106]
Fiona September 14–24 Category 4 hurricane 130 (215) 932 Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Eastern Bahamas, Turks and Caicos Islands, Bermuda, Eastern Canada >$2.88 billion 31 [263][130][131]
[264][265]
Gaston September 20–26 Tropical storm 65 (100) 995 Azores Unknown None
Ian September 23–30 Category 4 hurricane 155 (250) 936 Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela, Colombia, ABC islands, Jamaica, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Southeastern Coast of the United States >$50.2 billion ≥150 [178][180][186]
[266]
Hermine September 23–25 Tropical storm 40 (65) 1002 Canary Islands, Western Sahara, Morocco $9.8 million 33 [192][194]
Eleven September 28–29 Tropical depression 35 (55) 1008 None None None
Twelve October 4–7 Tropical depression 35 (55) 1006 None None None
Julia October 7–9 Category 1 hurricane 85 (140) 982 Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela, ABC Islands, Colombia, Central America (before crossover) >$406 million 91 [222][267][268]
[269][270][271]
[272][273]
Karl October 11–15 Tropical storm 60 (95) 998 Southern Mexico Unknown 3 [232]
Lisa October 31 – November 5 Category 1 hurricane 85 (140) 987 Jamaica, Cayman Islands, Central America Unknown None
Martin November 1–3 Category 1 hurricane 85 (140) 960 None None None
Nicole November 7–Present Tropical storm 70 (110) 984 The Bahamas, Florida Unknown None
Season aggregates
16 systems June 5 – Season ongoing   155 (250) 932 >$53.52 billion ≥319  

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The "strength" of a tropical cyclone is measured by the minimum barometric pressure, not wind speed. Most meteorological organizations rate the intensity of a storm by this figure, so the lower the minimum pressure of the storm, the more intense or "stronger" it is considered to be. The strongest winds were actually from Ian, at 155 mph (250 km/h).

References

  1. ^ "Hurricanes Frequently Asked Questions". Miami, Florida: NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. June 1, 2021. Retrieved January 30, 2022.
  2. ^ Erdman, Jonathan (August 22, 2022). "It's The Atlantic Hurricane Season's Least Active Start In 30 Years". weather.com. The Weather Channel. Retrieved August 24, 2022.
  3. ^ a b Masters, Jeff (August 31, 2022). "Hinnamnor in Pacific kicks off as Cat 5; Atlantic appears set to end its slumber". New Haven, Connecticut: Yale climate Connections. Retrieved August 31, 2022.
  4. ^ Croft, Jay (September 2, 2022). "Danielle becomes first hurricane of the 2022 Atlantic season". CNN. Retrieved September 3, 2022.
  5. ^ a b Masters, Jeff; Henson, Bob (September 20, 2022). "Cat 3 Fiona rakes Turks and Caicos; Disturbance 98L approaches Caribbean". New Haven, Connecticut: Yale climate Connections. Retrieved September 20, 2022.
  6. ^ a b c "Background Information: North Atlantic Hurricane Season". College Park, Maryland: Climate Prediction Center. May 22, 2019. Retrieved April 5, 2021.
  7. ^ a b "Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)" (Database). United States National Hurricane Center. April 5, 2023. Retrieved December 13, 2024. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  8. ^ a b "Colorado State University releases first look at 2022 Hurricane Season". Cape Coral, Florida: WFTX-TV. December 9, 2021. Retrieved May 25, 2022.
  9. ^ a b c Saunders, Marc; Lea, Adam (December 10, 2021). "Extended Range Forecast for Atlantic Hurricane Activity in 2022" (PDF). tropicalstormrisk.com. London, UK: University College London. Retrieved December 10, 2021.
  10. ^ Saunders, Marc; Roberts, Frank; Lea, Adam (April 6, 2022). "April Forecast Update for North Atlantic Hurricane Activity in 2022" (PDF). tropicalstormrisk.com. London, UK: University College London. Retrieved April 7, 2022.
  11. ^ "Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and Landfall Strike Probability for 2022" (PDF). Fort Collins, Colorado: Colorado State University. April 7, 2022. Retrieved April 7, 2022.
  12. ^ Belles, Jonathan (April 14, 2022). "TWC Hurricane Outlook Released: 2022 Atlantic Season Expected to Be Another Busy One". The Weather Channel. Retrieved April 14, 2022.
  13. ^ a b Davis, Kyle; Zeng, Xubin (April 14, 2022). "Forecast of the 2022 Hurricane Activities over the North Atlantic" (PDF). Tucson, Arizona: University of Arizona. Retrieved April 14, 2022.
  14. ^ a b Peake, Tracy (April 20, 2022). "NC State Researchers Predict Active Hurricane Season". Raleigh, North Carolina: North Carolina State University. Retrieved April 20, 2022.
  15. ^ "ESSC: Earth System Science Center – North Atlantic Hurricane Season Prediction".
  16. ^ a b "North Atlantic tropical storm seasonal forecast 2022".
  17. ^ a b "NOAA predicts above-normal 2022 Atlantic Hurricane Season | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration".
  18. ^ Lea, Adam; Nick, Wood (May 31, 2022). "Pre-Season Forecast Update for North Atlantic Hurricane Activity in 2022" (PDF). tropicalstormrisk.com. London, UK: University College London. Retrieved June 1, 2022.
  19. ^ "Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and Landfall Strike Probability for 2022" (PDF). Fort Collins, Colorado: Colorado State University. June 2, 2022. Retrieved June 2, 2022.
  20. ^ "Atlantic Hurricane Season Outlook Update: The Weather Company Increases Number of Expected Storms". Atlanta, Georgia: The Weather Channel. June 17, 2022. Retrieved June 17, 2022.
  21. ^ a b Davis, Kyle; Zeng, Xubin (June 20, 2022). "Forecast of the 2022 Hurricane Activities over the North Atlantic". Tucson, Arizona: University of Arizona. Retrieved June 21, 2022.
  22. ^ a b Lea, Adam; Nick, Wood (July 5, 2022). "July Forecast Update for North Atlantic Hurricane Activity in 2022" (PDF). tropicalstormrisk.com. London, UK: University College London. Retrieved July 5, 2022.
  23. ^ a b "Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and Landfall Strike Probability for 2022" (PDF). Fort Collins, Colorado: Colorado State University. July 7, 2022. Retrieved July 7, 2022.
  24. ^ a b "Forecast for the whole 2022 season".
  25. ^ a b c Henson, Bob (August 4, 2022). "Latest outlooks for Atlantic hurricane season: Less frenzied, but still above average". New Haven Connecticut: Yale Climate Connections. Retrieved August 6, 2022.
  26. ^ "Atlantic hurricane season outlook updated". Atlanta, Georgia: The Weather Channel. August 18, 2022. Retrieved August 18, 2022.
  27. ^ Saunders, Marc; Lea, Adam (December 9, 2020). "Extended Range Forecast for Atlantic Hurricane Activity in 2021" (PDF). tropicalstormrisk.com. London, UK: University College London. Retrieved April 16, 2022.
  28. ^ Klotzbach, Philip [@philklotzbach] (April 7, 2022). "Atlantic seasonal #hurricane forecast from @ColoradoStateU calls for above-average season: 19 named storms, 9 hurricanes & 4 major hurricanes. Reasons for above-average forecast include predicted lack of #ElNino and warmer than normal subtropical Atlantic https://t.co/uauRVHEjql https://t.co/7dzsFjQBN9" (Tweet). Archived from the original on April 7, 2022. Retrieved April 10, 2022 – via Twitter.
  29. ^ Klotzbach, Philip [@philklotzbach] (June 2, 2022). "Atlantic seasonal #hurricane forecast update from @ColoradoStateU calls for very active season: 20 named storms, 10 hurricanes & 5 major hurricanes. Forecast increased from April due to low chance of #ElNino & warmer than normal tropical Atlantic https://tropical.colostate.edu/Forecast/2022-06.pdf https://twitter.com/philklotzbach/status/1532361400277839873" (Tweet). Retrieved June 2, 2022 – via Twitter.
  30. ^ Donegan, Brian (May 25, 2022). "For first time since 2014, Atlantic hurricane season might not start early". New York City, New York: Fox Weather. Retrieved May 31, 2022.
  31. ^ Masters, Jeff; Henson, Bob (July 2, 2022). "Tropical Storm Colin forms along the South Carolina coast". New Haven Connecticut: Yale Climate Connections. Retrieved July 2, 2022.
  32. ^ a b c d Cangialosi, John (November 1, 2022). Tropical Cyclone Report: Potential Tropical Cyclone Four (PDF) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 2, 2022.
  33. ^ CNN, Jay Croft (September 2, 2022). "Danielle becomes first hurricane of the 2022 Atlantic season". CNN. Retrieved September 6, 2022. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  34. ^ Henson, Bob; Masters, Jeff (September 4, 2022). "Korea braces and the Atlantic churns; New Pacific system may affect Mexico and U.S." New Haven, Connecticut: Yale Climate Connections. Retrieved September 14, 2022.
  35. ^ a b Henson, Bob; Masters, Jeff (September 24, 2022). "Fiona sets Atlantic Canada reeling; Ian forms in Caribbean". New Haven, Connecticut: Yale Climate Connections. Retrieved September 25, 2022.
  36. ^ Henson, Bob (October 10, 2022). "As Julia fades, floods plague Central America". New Haven, Connecticut: Yale Climate Connections. Retrieved October 11, 2022.
  37. ^ Masters, Jeff (November 2, 2022). "A rarity: two November hurricanes roil the Atlantic". New Haven, Connecticut: Yale Climate Connections. Retrieved November 5, 2022.
  38. ^ "Real-Time North Atlantic Ocean Statistics by Storm for 2022". Fort Collins, Colorado: Colorado State University. Retrieved September 14, 2022.
  39. ^ Klotzbach, Philip; Bell, Michael (April 7, 2022). "Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and Landfall Strike Probability for 2022" (PDF). Fort Collins, Colorado: Colorado State University. pp. 6, 22. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
  40. ^ Papin, Philippe (May 31, 2022). Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 2, 2022.
  41. ^ Beven, Jack (June 2, 2022). Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 2, 2022.
  42. ^ Beven, Jack (June 2, 2022). Potential Tropical Cyclone One Advisory Number 1 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 2, 2022.
  43. ^ Berg, Robbie (June 3, 2022). Potential Tropical Cyclone One Discussion Number 3 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 5, 2022.
  44. ^ Beven, Jack (June 3, 2022). Potential Tropical Cyclone One Discussion Number 5 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 5, 2022.
  45. ^ Beven, Jack (June 4, 2022). Potential Tropical Cyclone One Discussion Number 8 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 5, 2022.
  46. ^ Papin, Philippe; Blake, Eric (June 5, 2022). Tropical Storm Alex Intermediate Advisory Number 10A (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 5, 2022.
  47. ^ Brown, Daniel (June 5, 2022). Tropical Storm Alex Discussion Number 14 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 6, 2022.
  48. ^ Zelinsky, David (June 6, 2022). Post-Tropical Cyclone Alex Discussion Number 17 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
  49. ^ Davies, Richard (June 4, 2022). "Cuba – Deadly Flash Floods After 300 mm of Rain". floodlist.com. Retrieved June 6, 2022.
  50. ^ a b "Tormenta Alex causa estragos: Elevan a cuatro los muertos en Cuba por las fuertes lluvias" [Storm Alex wreaks havoc: Deaths in Cuba rise to four due to heavy rains] (in Spanish). El Diario. EFE. June 6, 2022. Retrieved June 22, 2022.
  51. ^ a b Tribou, Richard Tribou (June 5, 2022). "Strengthening Tropical Storm Alex finally forms after flooding Florida". Orlando Sentinel. Archived from the original on June 14, 2022. Retrieved June 5, 2022.
  52. ^ Tribou, Richard (June 4, 2022). "No-name tropical system floods Florida, still expected to become Tropical Storm Alex". Orlando Sentinel. Archived from the original on June 4, 2022. Retrieved June 4, 2022.
  53. ^ Sosa, Samantha; Bilizos, Elitsa; Beyer, Brandon; Estrada, Lorena; Jones, Tavares (June 4, 2022). "Areas of South Florida impacted by flooding due to heavy rains". WSVN Miami. Archived from the original on June 4, 2022. Retrieved June 4, 2022.
  54. ^ Hagen, Andrew; Berg, Robbie (June 23, 2022). Two Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 23, 2022.
  55. ^ Masters, Jeff; Henson, Bob (June 24, 2022). "Unusual early-season threat in Atlantic's main development region". New Haven, Connecticut: Yale Climate Connections. Retrieved June 29, 2022.
  56. ^ Reinhart, Brad (June 25, 2022). Two Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 25, 2022.
  57. ^ Richardson, Blake; Bucci, Lisa (June 26, 2022). Two Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 26, 2022.
  58. ^ Pasch, Richard (June 27, 2022). Potential Tropical Cyclone Two Discussion Number 1 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
  59. ^ Henson, Bob (June 27, 2022). "Tropical storm warnings up for southernmost Lesser Antilles ahead of Potential Tropical Cyclone 2". New Haven, Connecticut: Yale Climate Connections. Retrieved June 29, 2022.
  60. ^ Beven, Jack (June 28, 2022). Potential Tropical Cyclone Two Discussion Number 6 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
  61. ^ a b Masters, Jeff (June 29, 2022). "Disturbance 95L threatens heavy rains for Texas; disturbance PTC 2 speeds across southern Caribbean". New Haven, Connecticut: Yale Climate Connections. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
  62. ^ Cangialosi, John; Hogsett, Wallace (July 1, 2022). Tropical Storm Bonnie Tropical Cyclone Update (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
  63. ^ Hogsett, Wallace (July 1, 2022). Tropical Storm Bonnie Advisory Number 17 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 5, 2022.
  64. ^ Beven, Jack (July 1, 2022). Tropical Storm Bonnie Advisory Number 18 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 2, 2022.
  65. ^ Hogsett, Wallace (July 2, 2022). Tropical Storm Bonnie Discussion Number 20 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 2, 2022.
  66. ^ a b "Reportan al menos cuatro muertos tras el paso de tormenta Bonnie en Nicaragua" [At least four deaths are reported after the passage of storm Bonnie in Nicaragua]. Infobae (in Spanish). Archived from the original on July 4, 2022. Retrieved July 4, 2022.
  67. ^ Berg, Robbie (July 2, 2022). Tropical Storm Colin Discussion Number 1 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 2, 2022.
  68. ^ Berg, Robbie (July 2, 2022). Tropical Storm Colin Advisory Number 1 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 2, 2022.
  69. ^ Cangialosi, John (July 2, 2022). Tropical Storm Colin Discussion Number 3 (Report). Miami Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 4, 2022.
  70. ^ Beven, Jack (July 2, 2022). Tropical Depression Colin Advisory Number 4 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 3, 2022.
  71. ^ Berg, Robbie (July 3, 2022). Remnants Of Colin Discussion Number 5 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 3, 2022.
  72. ^ Cangialosi, John (July 2, 2022). Tropical Storm Colin Discussion Number 2 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 4, 2022.
  73. ^ Smith, Cory (July 3, 2022). "Showers and Storms possible Sunday Afternoon". Columbia, South Carolina: WLTX. Retrieved July 4, 2022.
  74. ^ "Tropical Storm Colin threatens a wet weekend for Carolinas". Washington, North Carolina: WITN. Associated Press. July 2, 2022. Archived from the original on July 2, 2022. Retrieved July 3, 2022.
  75. ^ a b [North Carolina Event Report: Rip Current] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. October 2022. Retrieved October 24, 2022. {{cite report}}: Unknown parameter |agency= ignored (help)
  76. ^ Bucci, Lisa; Pasch, Richard (August 31, 2022). Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 1, 2022.
  77. ^ Bucci, Lisa; Cangialosi, John (September 1, 2022). Tropical Storm Danielle Advisory Number 2 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 1, 2022.
  78. ^ Rinehart, Brad (September 2, 2022). Hurricane Danielle Advisory Number 6 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 2, 2022.
  79. ^ Beven, Jack (September 3, 2022). Tropical Storm Danielle Discussion Number 9 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 4, 2022.
  80. ^ Roberts, Dave (September 4, 2022). Tropical Storm Danielle Discussion Number 12 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 4, 2022.
  81. ^ Roberts, Dave (September 5, 2022). Hurricane Danielle Discussion Number 16 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 6, 2022.
  82. ^ Zelinsky, David (September 5, 2022). Hurricane Danielle Discussion Number 18 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 6, 2022.
  83. ^ Blake, Eric (September 7, 2022). Hurricane Danielle Advisory Number 26 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 8, 2022.
  84. ^ Latto, Andy (September 8, 2022). Tropical Storm Danielle Discussion Number 29 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 8, 2022.
  85. ^ Zelinsky, David (September 8, 2022). "Post-Tropical Cyclone Danielle Discussion 30". Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 13, 2022.
  86. ^ Reuters (September 8, 2022). "NHC says hurricane Danielle weakens to a tropical storm". Reuters. Retrieved October 23, 2022. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  87. ^ "Extratropical storm Danielle batters Portugal: floods, chaos and landslides". Yourweather.co.uk | Meteored. September 15, 2022. Retrieved October 23, 2022.
  88. ^ "Portugal – Floods and Landslides Cause Severe Damage in Manteigas – FloodList". floodlist.com. Retrieved October 23, 2022.
  89. ^ "Storm Danielle affecting the mainland, but will it hit Mallorca?". Majorca Daily Bulletin. September 12, 2022. Retrieved October 23, 2022.
  90. ^ Berg, Robbie (August 25, 2022). Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 3, 2022.
  91. ^ Beven, Jack (September 2, 2022). Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 3, 2022.
  92. ^ Berg, Robbie (September 2, 2022). Tropical Storm Earl Advisory Number 1 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 3, 2022.
  93. ^ Berg, Robbie (September 6, 2022). Tropical Storm Earl Discussion Number 14 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 7, 2022.
  94. ^ Bucci, Lisa; Pasch, Richard (September 6, 2022). Hurricane Earl Discussion Number 17 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 7, 2022.
  95. ^ Bucci, Lisa; Pasch, Richard (September 6, 2022). Hurricane Earl Advisory Number 16A (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 6, 2022.
  96. ^ Bucci, Lisa; Pasch, Richard (September 7, 2022). Hurricane Earl Discussion Number 21 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 8, 2022.
  97. ^ Berg, Robbie (September 8, 2022). Hurricane Earl Advisory Number 22 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 8, 2022.
  98. ^ Henson, Bob; Masters, Jeff (September 9, 2022). "Fierce winds, heavy rains hit Southern California on Kay's fringes". New Haven, Connecticut: Yale Climate Connections. Retrieved September 9, 2022.
  99. ^ Bucci, Lisa; Pasch, Richard (September 9, 2022). Hurricane Earl Advisory Number 25 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 9, 2022.
  100. ^ Zelinsky, David (September 9, 2022). Hurricane Earl Advisory Number 28 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 9, 2022.
  101. ^ Beven, Jack (September 10, 2022). Hurricane Earl Advisory Number 32 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 10, 2022.
  102. ^ a b "Mueren hombre y mujer tras impacto de rayo" [Man and woman die after lightning strike]. Primera Hora (in Spanish). Guaynabo, Puerto Rico. September 4, 2022. Retrieved September 4, 2022.
  103. ^ "Identifican a hombre y mujer que murieron tras ser impactados por rayo en Salinas" [They identify a man and woman who died after being struck by lightning in Salinas] (in Spanish). Telemundo Puerto Rico. September 5, 2022. Retrieved September 5, 2022.
  104. ^ Johnston-Barnes, Owain (September 9, 2022). "Hurricane Earl 3am update: some gusts remain but the worst has passed". The Royal Gazette. Hamilton, Bermuda. Retrieved September 12, 2022.
  105. ^ a b Bell, Jonathan; Lagan, Sarah (September 10, 2022). "Residents praised for taking Earl seriously". The Royal Gazette. Hamilton, Bermuda. Retrieved September 12, 2022.
  106. ^ a b "Heavy downpour overflowing riverbanks, flooding streets in St. John's area". CBC News. September 12, 2022. Retrieved September 12, 2022.
  107. ^ Papin, Philippe (September 12, 2022). Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 14, 2022.
  108. ^ Roberts, Dave (September 12, 2022). Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 14, 2022.
  109. ^ Roberts, Dave (September 13, 2022). Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 14, 2022.
  110. ^ Brown, Daniel (September 14, 2022). Tropical Depression Seven Discussion Number 1 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 14, 2022.
  111. ^ Brown, Daniel (September 14, 2022). Tropical Depression Seven Discussion 2 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 14, 2022.
  112. ^ Cangialosi, John (September 14, 2022). Tropical Storm Fiona Tropical Cyclone Update (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 14, 2022.
  113. ^ Cangialosi, John (September 16, 2022). Tropical Storm Fiona Intermediate Advisory Number 10A (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 17, 2022.
  114. ^ Pasch, Richard (September 18, 2022). Hurricane Fiona Advisory Number 17 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 18, 2022.
  115. ^ Pasch, Richard; Berg, Robbie (September 18, 2022). Hurricane Fiona Tropical Cyclone Update (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 18, 2022.
  116. ^ a b Masters, Jeff; Henson, Bob (September 18, 2022). "Hurricane Fiona deluges Puerto Rico; Typhoon Nandamol hits Japan". New Haven, Connecticut: Yale Climate Connections. Retrieved September 19, 2022.
  117. ^ Samenow, Jason (September 19, 2022). "Fiona rapidly strengthening as it pulls away from Dominican Republic". The Washington Post. Retrieved September 20, 2022.
  118. ^ a b Beven, Jack (September 21, 2022). Hurricane Fiona Advisory 27A (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 26, 2022.
  119. ^ a b Masters, Jeff; Henson, Bob (September 21, 2022). "Atlantic on fire: Cat 4 Fiona, TS Gaston, and a concerning Caribbean system". New Haven, Connecticut: Yale Climate Connections. Retrieved September 21, 2022.
  120. ^ Berg, Robbie (September 22, 2022). Hurricane Fiona Advisory 34A (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 26, 2022.
  121. ^ Masters, Jeff; Henson, Bob (September 23, 2022). "TD 9 forecast calls for major hurricane for Florida; Fiona aims colossal blow at Canada". New Haven, Connecticut: Yale Climate Connections. Retrieved September 24, 2022.
  122. ^ Beven, Jack (September 23, 2022). Hurricane Fiona Advisory 36 (Report). Miami, Florida: National hurricane Center. Retrieved September 26, 2022.
  123. ^ Cangialosi, John; Snell, Cody (September 23, 2022). Hurricane Fiona Advisory Number 37 (Report). College Park, Maryland: NWS Weather Prediction Center. Retrieved October 14, 2022.
  124. ^ Pasch, Richard (September 23, 2022). Hurricane Fiona Advisory Number 38 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 23, 2022.
  125. ^ Pasch, Richard (September 23, 2022). Post-Tropical Cyclone Fiona Advisory Number 39 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 23, 2022.
  126. ^ Beven, Jack (September 24, 2022). Post-Tropical Cyclone Fiona Discussion 40 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 26, 2022.
  127. ^ Hanna, Jason; Cullinane, Susannah; Burnside, Tina (September 24, 2022). "'It is surreal': Canada's Atlantic coast residents describe devastation as Fiona wipes away homes and knocks out power for thousands". CNN. Retrieved September 24, 2022.
  128. ^ Cangialosi, John (September 24, 2022). Post-Tropical Cyclone Fiona Discussion 42 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 26, 2022.
  129. ^ a b "Atlantic Canada expects slow recovery from Fiona's wrath". CBC News. September 25, 2022. Retrieved September 25, 2022.
  130. ^ a b Figueroa Cancel, Alex (September 24, 2022). "Suman 16 las muertes relacionadas a los efectos del paso del huracán Fiona, según informe del gobierno". El Nuevo Día. Retrieved September 25, 2022.
  131. ^ a b CyberNews (September 24, 2022). "Salud informa de 16 muertes asociadas al huracán Fiona". Noticel. Retrieved September 25, 2022.
  132. ^ El-Bawab, Nadine; Hoyos, Joshua Hoyos; Jacobo, Julia (September 19, 2022). "Hurricane Fiona strengthening after wreaking havoc in Puerto Rico". ABC News. Retrieved September 19, 2022.
  133. ^ Roberts, Dave (September 12, 2022). Two-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 27, 2022.
  134. ^ Cangialosi, John (September 15, 2022). Five-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 23, 2022.
  135. ^ Berg, Robbie (September 16, 2022). Five-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 23, 2022.
  136. ^ Berg, Robbie (September 17, 2022). Five-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 23, 2022.
  137. ^ Cangialosi, John; Pereira, Frank; Montgomery, Kim (September 20, 2022). Tropical Depression Eight Discussion Number 1 (Report). College Park, Maryland: NWS Weather Prediction Center. Retrieved September 20, 2022.
  138. ^ Cangialosi, John; Kebede, Mussie (September 20, 2022). Tropical Storm Gaston Advisory Number 2 (Report). College Park, Maryland: NWS Weather Prediction Center. Retrieved September 23, 2022.
  139. ^ Papin, Philippe (September 21, 2022). Tropical Storm Gaston Advisory 4 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 26, 2022.
  140. ^ Tropical Storm Gaston Discussion 6. www.nhc.noaa.gov (Report). Retrieved September 26, 2022.
  141. ^ "Tropical Storm GASTON Discussion 9". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved September 26, 2022.
  142. ^ Roberts, Dave (September 23, 2022). Tropical Storm Gaston Intermediate Advisory Number 11A (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 24, 2022.
  143. ^ Roberts, Dave (September 23, 2022). Tropical Storm Gaston Discussion Number 12 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 24, 2022.
  144. ^ "Tropical Storm GASTON Discussion 13". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved September 26, 2022.
  145. ^ "Tropical Storm GASTON Advisory 13". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved September 26, 2022.
  146. ^ "Tropical Storm GASTON Discussion 14". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved September 26, 2022.
  147. ^ Bucci, Lisa (September 24, 2022). Tropical Storm Gaston Discussion Number 18...Corrected (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 24, 2022.
  148. ^ "Tropical Storm GASTON Discussion 19". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved September 26, 2022.
  149. ^ "Tropical Storm GASTON Advisory 19". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved September 26, 2022.
  150. ^ "Tropical Storm GASTON Discussion 21". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved September 26, 2022.
  151. ^ "Tropical Storm GASTON Discussion 22". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved September 26, 2022.
  152. ^ "Post-Tropical Cyclone GASTON Discussion 23". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved September 26, 2022.
  153. ^ "Gaston turns post-tropical in the eastern Atlantic". spectrumnews1.com. Retrieved September 26, 2022.
  154. ^ "Tropical Storm GASTON Advisory 14A". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved September 26, 2022.
  155. ^ Roberts, Dave (September 19, 2022). "Five-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook". Miami, Florida: National hurricane Center. Retrieved September 22, 2022.
  156. ^ a b c d Masters, Jeff; Henson, Bob (September 22, 2022). "Cat 4 Fiona steams toward Canada; Caribbean disturbance 98L a major concern". New Haven, Connecticut: Yale Climate Connections. Retrieved September 22, 2022.
  157. ^ Papin, Philippe (September 23, 2022). Tropical Depression Nine Discussion Number 1 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 23, 2022.
  158. ^ Berg, Robbie (September 23, 2022). Tropical Storm Ian Discussion Number 4 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 23, 2022.
  159. ^ Masters, Jeff; Henson, Bob (September 25, 2022). "Ian's future remains murky; Cat 4 Noru hits the Philippines". New Haven, Connecticut: Yale Climate Connections. Retrieved September 26, 2022.
  160. ^ Brown, Daniel; Roberts, Dave (September 26, 2022). Hurricane Ian Discussion Number 13 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 26, 2022.
  161. ^ Reinhart, Brad (September 26, 2022). Hurricane Ian Advisory Number 15 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 26, 2022.
  162. ^ Latto, Andrew; Brown, Daniel (September 27, 2022). Hurricane Ian Tropical Cyclone Update (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 27, 2022.
  163. ^ Masters, Jeff; Henson, Bob (September 27, 2022). "Extremely dangerous Ian pounds Cuba, enters the Gulf of Mexico". New Haven, Connecticut: Yale Climate Connections. Retrieved September 27, 2022.
  164. ^ Zelinsky, David; Bucci, Lisa (September 27, 2022). Hurricane Ian Tropical Cyclone Update (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 27, 2022.
  165. ^ Brown, Daniel (September 28, 2022). Hurricane Ian Discussion Number 22 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 28, 2022.
  166. ^ Papin, Philippe; Blake, Eric (September 28, 2022). Hurricane Ian Tropical Cyclone Update (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 28, 2022.
  167. ^ Masters, Jeff; Henson, Bob (September 28, 2022). "Ian smashes into southwest Florida with historic force". New Haven, Connecticut: Yale Climate Connections. Retrieved September 28, 2022.
  168. ^ Beven, Jack; Papin, Philippe; Bucci, Lisa (September 28, 2022). Hurricane Ian Tropical Cyclone Update (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 28, 2022.
  169. ^ a b Masters, Jeff; Henson, Bob (September 29, 2022). "Ian's rampage across Florida leaves a trail of ruin". New Haven, Connecticut: Yale Climate Connections. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  170. ^ Blake, Eric (September 29, 2022). Hurricane Ian Discussion Number 29 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
  171. ^ Blake, Eric (September 30, 2022). Hurricane Ian Discussion Number 32 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
  172. ^ Blake, Eric; Cangialosi, John; Huffman, Marshall (September 30, 2022). Hurricane Ian Tropical Cyclone Update (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
  173. ^ Blake, Eric (September 30, 2022). Post-Tropical Cyclone Ian Advisory Number 33 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
  174. ^ Roth, David (October 1, 2022). Post-Tropical Cyclone Ian Advisory Number 38 (Report). College Park, Maryland: Weather Prediction Center. Retrieved October 1, 2022.
  175. ^ "T&T sees flooding, roofs blown off". Trinidad Express Newspapers. Retrieved September 25, 2022.
  176. ^ Douglas, Sean (September 23, 2022). "Weather system passes over Trinidad and Tobago – Flooding, fallen trees, damage to homes". Trinidad and Tobago Newsday. Retrieved September 25, 2022.
  177. ^ "Cuba remains in the dark after hurricane knocks out power grid". NPR. Associated Press. September 28, 2022. Retrieved September 28, 2022.
  178. ^ a b "Huracán Ian causó estragos en Cuba con cinco muertos y más de 100,000 viviendas destruidas" [Hurricane Ian wreaked havoc in Cuba with five deaths and more than 100,000 homes destroyed]. El Diario Nueva York (in Spanish). New York, New York. Deutsche Welle. October 2, 2022. Retrieved October 5, 2022.
  179. ^ "Reportan los primeros daños en Cuba tras impacto del huracán Ian" [Report the first damage in Cuba after the impact of Hurricane Ian] (in Spanish). Fort Lauderdale, Florida: Telemundo 51. EFE. September 27, 2022. Archived from the original on September 27, 2022. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
  180. ^ a b "Statewide death toll from Hurricane Ian now likely 120; Lee reports 49". Fort Meyers, Florida: WGCU. October 6, 2022. Retrieved October 6, 2022.
  181. ^ Ortiz, Omar Rodríguez; Aguila, Grethel (October 5, 2022). "Deaths of 7 Cuban migrants linked to Hurricane Ian, Keys medical examiner confirms". Miami Herald. Retrieved October 6, 2022.
  182. ^ Habeshian, Sareen (September 28, 2022). "Tornadoes strike Florida as Hurricane Ian intensifies". Axios. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
  183. ^ Mazzei, Patricia; Bogel-Burroughs, Nicholas; Robles, Frances; Healy, Jack (September 29, 2022). "Hurricane Ian's Staggering Scale of Wreckage Becomes Clearer in Florida". The New York Times. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
  184. ^ Hinds, Haley (September 30, 2022). "SW Florida assesses damage after Ian: Fort Myers Beach devastated, Matlacha Pass Bridge destroyed". Tampa, Florida: WTVT. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
  185. ^ Atkinson, Macon; Callum-Penso, Lillia; Amari, Clare (October 1, 2022). "South Carolina surveys damage and begins recovery from Hurricane Ian". The Greenville News. Greenville, South Carolina. Retrieved October 1, 2022.
  186. ^ a b Vaughan, Dawn Baumgartner (October 4, 2022). "Fifth person confirmed dead after Hurricane Ian hit North Carolina". Charlotte, North Carolina: The Charlotte Observer. Retrieved October 5, 2022.
  187. ^ a b Henson, Bob; Masters, Jeff (October 3, 2022). "A new tropical threat heads toward the Caribbean". New Haven, Connecticut: Yale Climate Connections. Retrieved October 3, 2022.
  188. ^ Papin, Philippe (September 23, 2022). Tropical Depression Ten Discussion Number 1 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 23, 2022.
  189. ^ Blake, Eric (September 23, 2022). Tropical Depression Ten Advisory Number 2 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 23, 2022.
  190. ^ Cangialosi, John (September 24, 2022). Tropical Depression Hermine Discussion Number 6 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 24, 2022.
  191. ^ Roberts, Dave (September 25, 2022). Post-Tropical Cyclone Hermine Advisory Number 8 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 25, 2022.
  192. ^ a b "Unas 33 personas mueren ahogadas cuando intentaban llegar a Gran Canaria desde África" [Some 33 people drowned when trying to reach Gran Canaria from Africa] (in Spanish). Publico. EFE. October 3, 2022. Retrieved October 4, 2022.
  193. ^ Suarez, Borja (September 25, 2022). "Flights cancelled as storm Hermine hits Spain's Canary Islands". Reuters. Retrieved September 25, 2022.
  194. ^ a b "Gran Canaria cifra en 10 millones de euros los daños causados por la tormenta Hermine" [Gran Canaria estimates the damage caused by storm Hermine at 10 million euros]. Canarias a Hora (in Spanish). September 30, 2022. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
  195. ^ Beven, Jack (September 21, 2022). Two-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National hurricane Center. Retrieved September 28, 2022.
  196. ^ Brown, Daniel (September 21, 2022). Two-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National hurricane Center. Retrieved September 28, 2022.
  197. ^ Latto, Andrew (September 23, 2022). Two-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National hurricane Center. Retrieved September 28, 2022.
  198. ^ Papin, Philippe (September 26, 2022). Two-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National hurricane Center. Retrieved September 28, 2022.
  199. ^ Papin, Philippe (September 28, 2022). Tropical Depression Eleven Advisory Number 1 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 28, 2022.
  200. ^ Papin, Philippe (September 29, 2022). Tropical Depression Eleven Discussion Number 5 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  201. ^ Papin, Philippe (September 29, 2022). Post-Tropical Cyclone Eleven Advisory Number 6 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  202. ^ Papin, Philippe (September 29, 2022). Five-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National hurricane Center. Retrieved October 4, 2022.
  203. ^ Zelinsky, David (October 2, 2022). Five-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National hurricane Center. Retrieved October 4, 2022.
  204. ^ Berg, Robbie (October 4, 2022). Tropical Depression Twelve Discussion Number 1 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 4, 2022.
  205. ^ Papin, Philippe (October 5, 2022). Tropical Depression Twelve Discussion Number 6 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 5, 2022.
  206. ^ Papin, Philippe (October 6, 2022). Remnants Of Twelve Discussion Number 10 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 6, 2022.
  207. ^ Zelinsky, Dave (October 2, 2022). Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 6, 2022.
  208. ^ Berg, Robbie (October 4, 2022). Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 6, 2022.
  209. ^ a b Masters, Jeff; Henson, Bob (October 5, 2022). "Disturbance 91L drenches the Windward Islands". New Haven, Connecticut: Yale Climate Connections. Retrieved October 6, 2022.
  210. ^ Berg, Robbie (October 6, 2022). Potential Tropical Cyclone Thirteen Advisory Number 1 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 6, 2022.
  211. ^ Beven, Jack (October 6, 2022). Tropical Depression Thirteen Advisory Number 3 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 6, 2022.
  212. ^ Berg, Robbie (October 7, 2022). Tropical Storm Julia Discussion Number 5 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 7, 2022.
  213. ^ Berg, Robbie (October 7, 2022). Tropical Storm Julia Discussion Number 6 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 7, 2022.
  214. ^ Reinhart, Brad (October 8, 2022). Tropical Storm Julia Discussion Number 8 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 8, 2022.
  215. ^ Beven, Jack (October 8, 2022). Hurricane Julia Tropical Cyclone Update (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 8, 2022.
  216. ^ Papin, Philippe; Reinhart, Brad (October 8, 2022). Hurricane Julia Tropical Cyclone Update (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 9, 2022.
  217. ^ Berg, Robbie (October 9, 2022). Hurricane Julia Discussion 13 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 9, 2022.
  218. ^ Berg, Robbie (October 9, 2022). Tropical Storm Julia Advisory Number 14 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 10, 2022.
  219. ^ a b "Tropical wave dumps rain over Trinidad and Tobago – Flooded". Trinidad and Tobago Newsday. October 6, 2022. Retrieved October 6, 2022.
  220. ^ Glatsky, Genevieve; Romero, Tibisay (October 9, 2022). "Landslides Leave at Least 22 Dead, and Dozens Missing in Venezuela". The New York Times. Retrieved October 10, 2022.
  221. ^ "Julia leaves least 4 dead, floods and landslides in Central America". La Prensa Latina. Memphis, Tennessee. EFE. October 9, 2022. Retrieved October 10, 2022.
  222. ^ a b Masters, Jeff (October 13, 2022). "Tropical Storm Karl headed for Saturday landfall in Mexico". New Haven, Connecticut: Yale Climate Connections. Retrieved October 13, 2022.
  223. ^ Zelinsky, David (October 10, 2022). Two-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 11, 2022.
  224. ^ Bucci, Lisa (October 11, 2022). Two-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 11, 2022.
  225. ^ Bucci, Lisa; Blake, Eric (October 11, 2022). Tropical Storm Karl Discussion Number 1 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 11, 2022.
  226. ^ Brown, Daniel; Bucci, Lisa (October 12, 2022). Tropical Storm Karl Tropical Cyclone Update (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 12, 2022.
  227. ^ Beven, Jack (October 13, 2022). Tropical Storm Karl Discussion 8 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 13, 2022.
  228. ^ Reinhart, Brad (October 13, 2022). Tropical Storm Karl Discussion 10 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 13, 2022.
  229. ^ Reinhart, Brad (October 14, 2022). Tropical Storm Karl Discussion 13 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 14, 2022.
  230. ^ Brown, Daniel (October 15, 2022). Post-Tropical Cyclone Karl Discussion 16 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  231. ^ Davies, Richard (October 16, 2022). "Mexico – 1 Dead, Hundreds Evacuated After Tropical Storm Karl Dumps 380mm of Rain". floodlist.com. Retrieved October 27, 2022.
  232. ^ a b Velázquez, Iris (October 15, 2022). "Deja 'Karl' un muerto e inundaciones en Chiapas" ['Karl' leaves one dead and floods in Chiapas]. El Norte (in Spanish). Monterrey, Nuevo León. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  233. ^ "Some flooding, 1 death as Karl dissipates in south Mexico". KKTV. Associated Press. October 15, 2022. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  234. ^ "Aumentan a 3 los muertos por la tormenta Karl en Chiapas" [Deaths from storm Karl in Chiapas increase to 3]. Forbes Mexico (in Spanish). October 17, 2022. Retrieved October 22, 2022.
  235. ^ Brown, Daniel (October 28, 2022). Two-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National hurricane Center. Retrieved October 30, 2022.
  236. ^ Papin, Philippe (October 30, 2022). Two-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National hurricane Center. Retrieved October 30, 2022.
  237. ^ Papin, Philippe; Cangialosi, John (October 30, 2022). Potential Tropical Cyclone Fifteen Advisory Number 1 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 30, 2022.
  238. ^ Blake, Eric (October 31, 2022). Tropical Storm Lisa Discussion Number 4 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 31, 2022.
  239. ^ Blake, Eric (October 31, 2022). Tropical Storm Lisa Discussion Number 5 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 31, 2022.
  240. ^ Pasch, Richard (November 2, 2022). Hurricane Lisa Intermediate Advisory Number 11A (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 2, 2022.
  241. ^ Bucci, Lisa; Brown, Daniel (November 2, 2022). Hurricane Lisa Tropical Cyclone Update (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 2, 2022.
  242. ^ a b c Masters, Jeff (November 3, 2022). "Lisa weakens to a tropical depression after hitting Belize as a Cat 1 hurricane". New Haven, Connecticut: Yale Climate Connections. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  243. ^ Zelinsky, David (November 4, 2022). Tropical Depression Lisa Discussion Number 20 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 4, 2022.
  244. ^ Brown, Daniel (November 5, 2022). Remnants of Lisa Discussion Number 24 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 5, 2022.
  245. ^ "Huracán Lisa EN VIVO: Dónde está el ciclón y hacia dónde se dirige" [Hurricane Lisa LIVE: Where is the cyclone and where is it going?]. El Comercio (in Spanish). Agence France-Presse. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
  246. ^ "Tropical Depression Lisa Emerges Over the Southwestern Gulf of Mexico". The New York Times. November 4, 2022. Retrieved November 5, 2022.
  247. ^ Papin, Philippe (October 31, 2022). Two-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National hurricane Center. Retrieved November 1, 2022.
  248. ^ Landsea, Christopher (November 1, 2022). Tropical Storm Martin Discussion Number 1 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 1, 2022.
  249. ^ Blake, Eric (November 2, 2022). Tropical Storm Martin Discussion Number 5 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 2, 2022.
  250. ^ Zelinsky, David (November 3, 2022). Post-Tropical Cyclone Martin Discussion Number 10 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  251. ^ Reinhart, Brad (November 4, 2022). Five-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National hurricane Center. Retrieved November 8, 2022.
  252. ^ Papin, Philippe (November 6, 2022). Two-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National hurricane Center. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
  253. ^ Masters, Jeff (November 6, 2022). "Flooding, heavy rains to sock the Bahamas and Florida this week". New Haven, Connecticut: Yale Climate Connections. Retrieved November 7, 2022.
  254. ^ Berg, Robbie (November 7, 2022). Subtropical Storm Nicole Discussion Number 1 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 7, 2022.
  255. ^ Brown, Daniel (November 8, 2022). Tropical Storm Nicole Discussion Number 6 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 8, 2022.
  256. ^ Papin, Philippe (August 15, 2022). Five Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 16, 2022.
  257. ^ Cangialosi, John (August 19, 2022). Two Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 19, 2022.
  258. ^ Cangialosi, John; Latto, Andrew (August 20, 2022). Potential Tropical Cyclone Four Advisory Number 4 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 20, 2022.
  259. ^ a b "Potential Tropical Cyclone Four makes landfall in Mexico". New Orleans, Louisiana: WDSU. August 21, 2022. Retrieved August 21, 2022.
  260. ^ "Hurricane Names for the 2022 Hurricane Season". Dublin, New Hampshire: Yankee Publishing. December 6, 2021. Retrieved February 5, 2022.
  261. ^ "World Meteorological Organization retires storm names Matthew and Otto". Washington, D.C.: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. March 27, 2017. Retrieved February 5, 2022.
  262. ^ "Q3 Global Catastrophe Recap" (PDF). Aon Benfield. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
  263. ^ Evans, Pete (September 28, 2022). "Fiona's insurance bill could hit $700M — but most damage won't be covered". CBC News. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
  264. ^ Alvarado Leon, Gerardo E. (September 28, 2022). "LUMA Energy eleva a $2,000 millones la cifra preliminar de daños en la red de transmisión y distribución por Fiona". El Nuevo Dia (in Spanish). Retrieved October 4, 2022.
  265. ^ Sanchez, Pedro Martin (September 26, 2022). "Huracán Fiona golpeó al país con daños estimados en 20 mil millones de pesos". Diario Libre (in Spanish). Retrieved October 4, 2022.
  266. ^ "Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2022. Retrieved October 11, 2022.
  267. ^ "Dictadura afirma que daños por Julia incrementaron a más de 300 millones de dólares". La Prensa (in Spanish). October 15, 2022. Archived from the original on October 17, 2022. Retrieved October 18, 2022. El director del Sinapred, Guillermo González aseguró ... negando las muerte de al menos cinco ciudadanos.
  268. ^ "Dictadura afirma que daños por Julia incrementaron a más de 300 millones de dólares". La Prensa (in Spanish). October 15, 2022. Archived from the original on October 17, 2022. Retrieved October 18, 2022. ...ya estamos encima de los US$ 300 millones de dólares, 2.2 del PIB», aseveró Iván Acosta, Ministro de Hacienda y Crédito público ...
  269. ^ "Storm Julia kills 25 in Central America as it churns toward Mexico". Today Online. Reuters. Archived from the original on October 11, 2022. Retrieved October 18, 2022.
  270. ^ "At least one dead in wake of storm Julia in Mexico". Reuters. Archived from the original on October 13, 2022. Retrieved October 18, 2022.
  271. ^ Informe afectaciones por Tormenta Tropical Julia – Desde el 09 de octubre al 11 de octubre del 2022 (PDF) (Report) (in Spanish). Comisión Permanente de Contingencias. October 11, 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 11, 2022. Retrieved October 18, 2022 – via ReliefWeb.
  272. ^ "At least 28 killed as Julia tears through Central America". CBS News. October 11, 2022. Archived from the original on October 11, 2022. Retrieved October 18, 2022.
  273. ^ "Heartbreak: Theresa's body has been found". Trinidad Express. October 6, 2022. Archived from the original on October 7, 2022. Retrieved October 18, 2022.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2022 Atlantic hurricane season.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Atlantic_hurricane_season&oldid=1120949181"