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Francis Scott Key Bridge collapse

Coordinates: 39°13′1″N 76°31′42″W / 39.21694°N 76.52833°W / 39.21694; -76.52833
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Francis Scott Key Bridge collapse
Photograph of the ship under collapsed bridge rubble
Dali pinned by the remnants of a truss on its bow after the collision on March 26, 2024
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DateMarch 26, 2024; 7 months ago (2024-03-26)
Time1:28 a.m. (EDT)
LocationBaltimore metropolitan area, Maryland, United States
Coordinates39°13′1″N 76°31′42″W / 39.21694°N 76.52833°W / 39.21694; -76.52833
TypeBridge collapse
CauseLoss of propulsion on ship, leading to collision with pillar and subsequent collapse of the bridge truss.[1]
Deaths6 (2 confirmed, 4 presumed)[2]
Non-fatal injuries1+[3]
Property damage
  • Collapse of bridge spans
  • Allision-related damage to Dali
  • At least seven vehicles submerged[4]

On March 26, 2024, at 1:28 a.m. EDT (05:28 UTC), the main spans of the Francis Scott Key Bridge, across the Patapsco River between Baltimore and Dundalk in the U.S. state of Maryland, collapsed after the container ship Dali struck one of its support pillars.[3][5][6][7]

Two people were rescued from the river; one had no injuries, while the other was transported to a hospital in critical condition. Six members of a construction crew working on the roadway were reported missing,[8] presumed dead.[9] Two bodies were recovered.

Background

Main articles: Francis Scott Key Bridge (Baltimore) and MV Dali
The bridge before the collision (seen in 2015), looking upstream. Dali hit the fourth pillar from left.[10]

The Francis Scott Key Bridge was a steel arch-shaped continuous truss bridge. It opened in 1977, and it ran northeast from Hawkins Point in Baltimore to Sollers Point in Dundalk, crossing the Patapsco River, a vital shipping route giving access to the Port of Baltimore[11] and one of the busiest in the United States.[12] The port handled more than 444,000 passengers and 52.3 million tons of foreign cargo valued at $80 billion in 2023, including 750,000 automobiles.[11] It also employed 15,000 people and indirectly supported 140,000 others.[13]

The 1.6-mile-long (2.6 km) bridge carried four lanes of Interstate 695, a beltway around Baltimore,[11] two in each direction,[3] used by approximately 34,000 vehicles each day.[12] A cargo ship collision in 1980 left the Key Bridge relatively undamaged.[14]

MV Dali is a Singapore-flagged container ship, operated by Synergy Marine Group and owned by a Greek shipping company.[15] It was built in 2015 with a length of 980 feet (300 m), a 157-foot (48 m) beam, and a 40-foot (12.2 m) draft.[16] Dali passed two port inspections in 2023, according to the MPA. The first inspection was completed in June at San Antonio, Chile, where a monitor gauge for fuel pressure was repaired. A second inspection in September by the Coast Guard in New York did not identify any issues.[17]

Dali had previously traveled from Panama to the U.S., arriving in New York on March 19, 2024.[18] The ship then sailed to the Virginia International Gateway in Portsmouth, Virginia, before departing for Baltimore on March 22, arriving there on March 23.[18][19] Danish shipping company Maersk chartered Dali since her delivery in early 2015.[20] The 22 members of the ship's crew on board were Indian nationals.[21]

The main shipping channel under the bridge was estimated to be 50 feet (15 m) deep, while National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) charts show the depth at the bridge supports to be approximately 30 feet (9.1 m) deep.[22]

Collapse

MV Dali immobilized by the wreckage

Dali left the Port of Baltimore at 12:44 a.m. EDT (04:44 UTC) on March 26, 2024,[23] bound for Colombo, Sri Lanka,[24] carrying 3,000 containers.[25] Two local maritime pilots were piloting the ship.[10] At 1:26 a.m.,[25] the ship suffered a "complete blackout" and began to drift out of the shipping channel (a backup generator did not power the propulsion system).[13] The ship dropped its anchors as part of its emergency procedures.[3] At about 1:26 a.m., a mayday call was made from the ship,[25] notifying the Maryland Department of Transportation that control of the vessel had been lost and that a collision with the bridge was possible, citing loss of propulsion.[1] One of the pilots requested that traffic be stopped from crossing the bridge immediately.[3][26][27][28] The ship's lights went out and came on again some moments later; the lights then went off again and powered back on immediately before impact as renewed smoke spewed from its funnel.[10][29] Following the pilot's request, Maryland Transportation Authority Police dispatch requested officers to stop traffic in both directions at 1:27:53 a.m. Northbound traffic was stopped at the south side after 20 seconds. Southbound traffic was stopped at the north side at 1:28:58 a.m., with less than 30 seconds before collapse.[30]

At 1:28 a.m.,[31] the ship struck a support column of the bridge, beneath its metal truss and at the south-west end of its largest span, at 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph).[11] AIS data shows the ship traveling at a speed of 8.7 knots (16.1 km/h; 10.0 mph) at 1:25 a.m. before departing the channel and slowing to 6.8 knots (12.6 km/h; 7.8 mph) by the time of the collision two minutes later.[29][32]

Within seconds of the collision, the bridge broke apart in several places,[33] leaving sections protruding from the water and the roadway's approaches cut off.[11] The main span fell onto the ship's bow and a section of it came to rest there.[3][34] The bridge strike and partial collapse were recorded on video.[35]

Multiple vehicles were on the bridge at the time it collapsed, though no one was believed to be inside them.[11] Paul Wiedefeld, the Maryland Secretary of Transportation, said that workers were repairing potholes on the bridge at the time of the collapse.[11] A resident living near the bridge recalled being awakened by deep rumbling that shook his residence for several seconds following the collapse, which he said "felt like an earthquake".[11]

Emergency teams began receiving 911 calls at 1:30 a.m.[3] The Baltimore Police Department was alerted to the collapse at 1:35 a.m. Large-scale rescue and recovery efforts were initiated.[35] The United States Coast Guard deployed boats and a helicopter as part of rescue efforts.[3] Public safety divers were also dispatched to search for people who fell into the river.[36] A total of 50 divers divided into eight teams were deployed in rescue efforts.[3]

Damage

  Point of impact
  Collapsed segments
The collapsed part of the bridge includes the three spans under the metal truss, and three more to the north-east (right of image in Dundalk, Maryland). The left side of the image is Hawkins Point, Baltimore.[3]
The support pillar struck by the ship photographed in 2016
Aerial view of the damage

The collision of Dali with the south-western main truss-support pillar destroyed it, bringing down the entire truss span. [37] As a continuous truss bridge that relied on its overall structure to maintain integrity, when the south and central spans (on each side of the impacted pillar) collapsed, the northern component (the third span) soon followed.[35] Each failure sequence took seconds, and within 30 seconds the entirety of the central span had fallen into the river.[38] The bridge was determined to be fully compliant with the building code when it collapsed.[3] However, engineers noted that its piers, which are essential to the structure's integrity, did not appear to have protective barriers, such as fenders, to block, deflect or withstand the collision.[39][40]

After the collision, several shipping containers fell into the water. Dali sustained hull damage above the water line and the ship was impaled by remnants of the bridge superstructure.[41] However, the ship remains watertight,[41] and the shipping company claimed there was no water pollution directly from the ship following the incident.[42][43] Despite the claim, on March 27 the NTSB announced that they are investigating a hazmat spill coming from breached containers onboard Dali, including containers carrying corrosive and flammable materials and lithium batteries.[44]

Casualties

NOAA reported a water temperature of 47 °F (8 °C) at the time of the collapse.[11] Two people were rescued from the river, one of whom was in "very serious" condition, while the other person was said to have walked off with no injuries.[45] One of those rescued was a Mexican national.[46] Six people – all part of the construction crew working on the bridge – were reported missing and are presumed dead following the suspension of a U.S. Coast Guard search effort.[9][3][47][48] One of them was identified as a Honduran national; two were from Guatemala, and the others were from El Salvador and Mexico.[46][25]

At least five submerged vehicles, including three passenger vehicles and a cement truck, were detected using sonar. Emergency services also used drones and infrared technology in search efforts.[31] The bodies of two of the construction crew have been recovered from inside a pickup truck, 35-year-old Alejandro Fuentes of Mexico and 26-year-old Dorlian Cabrera of Guatemala.[49] 38-year-old Maynor Sandoval of Honduras and 49-year-old Miguel Luna of El Salvador have been identified as among the missing.[50]

The ship's crew, including her two pilots, were accounted for and did not sustain any injuries.[42]

Investigation

External videos
video icon Press conference with NTSB Chair Jennifer Homendy, March 26, 2024, C-SPAN
An evidence response team from the FBI examines a segment of the bridge several hours after the collapse
Officials coordinating response and rescue efforts on the day of the collapse

The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) began an investigation and sent a team to the site.[51][52] On March 27, NTSB chair Jennifer Homendy said that the bridge was fracture critical, meaning it had no redundancy against removal of support of any particular part of it; therefore, removal of one pylon would lead to the total collapse of the main spans.[31] The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) was also deployed to the scene, but said that terrorism was not suspected in the incident.[11]

Singapore's Transport Safety Investigation Bureau (TSIB) and Maritime and Port Authority (MPA) sent personnel to Baltimore to assist in investigations. The MPA said it reached out to the NTSB, and Office of Marine Safety to offer support.[53]

NTSB personnel boarded the ship late on March 26 and obtained the ship's data recorder, which would help investigators develop a timeline of events leading up to the accident.[54][55]

Several possible factors were being considered by shipping industry experts, including the possibility that "dirty fuel" had caused the loss of the ship's power.[56][57]

Aftermath

Immediate

The incident blocked maritime access to the Port of Baltimore and trapped several vessels inside the harbor.[10]

U.S. Secretary of Transportation, Pete Buttigieg contacted Maryland Governor Wes Moore and Baltimore Mayor Brandon Scott to offer his department's support.[58] Moore declared a state of emergency shortly thereafter,[3] and Wiedefeld ordered the suspension of all shipping to and from the Port of Baltimore[59] until further notice (trucking facilities remained operational).[11]

At 4:09 a.m., the Federal Aviation Administration announced a temporary flight restriction around the area of the bridge collapse, effective from 4:15 a.m., including drones.[60]

External videos
video icon Remarks by U.S. President Joe Biden on the bridge collapse, March 26, 2024, C-SPAN

President Joe Biden was also briefed on the disaster.[11] In an address later that day, Biden said that he would ask Congress to fund the bridge's reconstruction.[61]

Maersk, which chartered the vessel, saw its shares decline by about 2% when trading opened at Nasdaq Copenhagen on March 26.[11] Maersk paused all service to Baltimore indefinitely.[52]

Rafael Laveaga, Mexico's consul in Maryland, visited Baltimore to meet with the families of the Mexican victims. He confirmed that one of the rescued victims was from Michoacán, while the other two, who are still missing, are from Michoacán and Veracruz, respectively. The Mexican Embassy in the US is providing consular assistance to the families, with a dedicated phone line for affected Mexican nationals.[62]

On March 27, Governor Moore and President Biden thanked Dali's crew for transmitting the mayday call warning of the ship's power failure and the impending collision.[63][64]

Long-term

As of March 27, 2024, I-695 remains closed between the MD 173 and MD 157 interchanges.[65] Traffic is being detoured along I-95 and I-895, which cross Baltimore Harbor respectively at the Fort McHenry and Baltimore Harbor tunnels; vehicles carrying hazardous loads are not permitted in either tunnel.[10] Vehicles with hazardous loads and those exceeding the tunnels' vertical clearances are being detoured along the western section of I-695.[66] Advisories were issued to motorists as far away as Virginia warning of traffic delays caused by the bridge collapse.[11]

Stellantis and General Motors said they will divert vehicle imports to other ports, and Toyota reported that some of their exports could be affected.[67]

On March 27, Bill Ferguson, the president of the Maryland Senate, announced that he would introduce an emergency bill to provide income replacement for workers impacted by the disaster.[68]

See also

References

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