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College of Málaga

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University and Historic District of Alcalá de Henares
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Facade of the College of Málaga (engraving by Mercadal, 1882)
LocationSpain
CriteriaCultural: II, IV, VI
Reference876
Inscription1998 (22nd Session)

The Colegio Menor de San Ciriaco y Santa Paula, popularly known as Colegio de Málaga, is one of the educational centres that made up the former Cisnerian University of Alcalá de Henares, and which currently houses the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters of the University of Alcalá.

History

Constitutions of 1612, published in 1674 by the bishop of Malaga Juan Alonso de Moscoso.
Foreshortened façade of the college.

The College of Malaga was founded in 1611 by Juan Alonso de Moscoso, successive bishop of Guadix-Baza, León and Malaga. He had studied at the Colegial Menor de la Madre de Dios and was a professor at the Colegio Mayor de San Ildefonso. The college, at the express wish of the bishop, was called "Colegio de San Ciriaco y Santa Paula", after the patron saints of Malaga.[1] Although it is also known as "Colegio de la Paloma", as this was the name of one of its last functions; and popularly as "Colegio de Málaga", due to the fact that its first students were from Malaga: twelve theology students and four canon students.[2]

Construction began around 1623 in Colegios Street, perhaps under the direction of Juan Gómez de Mora, although the master builder was Sebastián de la Plaza.[3] It was finished almost at the end of the century, by two other master builders, José de Ocaña and Francisco González Bravo, due to financial difficulties and various disputes with neighbouring colleges and continued even during the 18th century.

In 1781, the minor colleges of Lugo, León and Aragón were merged into this one. In 1788, new constitutions were granted, and it was given the name of "Colegio Teólogo de Málaga". It suffered serious damage during the Napoleonic invasion, being set on fire in 1809 and subjected to various sackings. Around 1820, it was the headquarters of a Masonic lodge.[4] In 1836, with the closure of the University of Alcalá, the building remained as a university college until 1843, its last rector being Vicente de la Fuente y Condón. [5]

Afterwards, it served as the Army School of Artillery and Blacksmiths. In 1847 it was restored to be used as an archive, and in 1858, the Madrid City Council remodelled the building to house the second San Bernardino Asylum, for underprivileged girls and old ladies.[6] In 1949, it was transformed into the boarding school "Nuestra Señora de la Paloma", a charitable institution of the Madrid City Council, where children of adolescent age lived. Finally, in 1983, it became the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters of the current University of Alcalá.[7][8]

In 1998, it was declared a World Heritage Site, as part of the University of Alcalá and the historic centre of Alcalá de Henares.[9][10][11]

Building

Baroque fountain of the lion's mouth (1769) designed by Miguel de Arteaga.

Of all the minor secular colleges in Alcalá de Henares, it is the most grandiose, and a model of Baroque architecture in Madrid. The building had all the necessary facilities for a college: a library, refectory, chapel with sacristy, spacious rooms for the students and servants, etc.

It is a two-storey building, topped by two beautiful towers, and is enclosed by a large courtyard at the back. The brickwork is built on a continuous plinth of stone ashlars on the façades. The building is organised around two courtyards, separated by a splendid Empire-style staircase topped by an oval dome. In one of the courtyards is a Baroque fountain, completed in 1769 by Miguel de Arteaga.

West Tower of the College of Málaga.

Architecturally, it stands out for its façade, two doorways with semicircular arches, and two towers with slate spires in the Madrid style, ornamented with a spire, cross, ball and weathervane. An inscription in Latin runs along the imposts commemorating the founder of the College. Heraldic coats of arms of Bishop Juan Alonso de Moscoso profusely decorate the façade, towers, and courtyards.[12]

Colegiales

Clothing

The schoolboys wore a black bonnet, a russet or maroon cloak and a purple scholarship.

Illustrious Members

See also

References

  1. ^ Ioan Alonso de Moscoso. Constituciones del insigne Collegio Theologo de S. Ciriaco y Sancta Paula. Alcalá de Henares: Nicolas de Xamares; 1674.
  2. ^ Gutiérrez Torrecilla LM. El colegio de San Ciriaco y Santa Paula o Málaga de la Universidad de Alcalá (1611 - 1843): Historia de una Institución Colegial Menor. Alcalá de Henares: Fundación Colegio del Rey; 1988.
  3. ^ "George Kubler", Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre (in Spanish), 2024-02-20, retrieved 2024-03-22
  4. ^ De la Fuente V. Historia de las sociedades secretas, antiguas y modernas en España y especialmente de la Franc- masonería (2 volúmenes). Lugo: Soto Freire; 1870-71. p.152.
  5. ^ "Portada del Archivo Histórico Nacional". censoarchivos.mcu.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-03-22.
  6. ^ Ayala M, Sastre F. Alcalá de Henares. Madrid: E. Rubiños; 1890.
  7. ^ "Gerente". Universidad de Alcalá de Henares (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-03-22.
  8. ^ Gutiérrez Torrecilla LM. Diferentes remodelaciones del edificio Colegio de Málaga (1856 - 1986): El Asilo de San Bernardino y el Colegio de Nuestra Señora de la Paloma. Anales Complutenses. II, p.83-102.
  9. ^ University and Historic Precinct of Alcalá de Henares. World Heritage List nº 867. UNESCO; 1998.
  10. ^ The University and Historic Precinct of Alcalá de Henares. Report of the 22nd Session of the Committee. UNESCO; 1998.
  11. ^ University and Historic Precinct of Alcalá de Henares. WHC Nomination Documentation. Date of inscription 5/12/1998. UNESCO.
  12. ^ Gutiérrez Torrecilla, Luis Miguel (2009). El Colegio de San Ciriaco y Santa Paula o de Málaga. Alcalá de Henares: Centro Internacional de Estudios Históricos Cisneros : Universidad de Alcalá, Servicio de Publicaciones. ISBN 978-84-8138-845-9. OCLC 650759692.
  13. ^ Domingo de Dutari. Ideas generales sobre la fundación de una Academia Real de Ciencias Eclesiásticas en Madrid. Madrid: Francisco Martínez Dávila; 1823.
  14. ^ Marchamalo Sánchez A. La Magistral en la Ilustración. En: Chamorro Merino G (coordinador). Historia y Arquitectura de la Iglesia Magistral de Alcalá de Henares. Alcalá de Henares: Institución de Estudios Complutenses; 2016. p.165-91

Bibliography

  • Enríquez de Salamanca C. Alcalá de Henares y su Universidad Complutense. Alcalá de Henares: Escuela Nacional de Administración Pública; 1973.
  • Casado M. Ilustres colegiales del Colegio Menor de San Ciriaco y Santa Paula o de Málaga: proyección en América de la excelencia académica complutense. IV Centenario del Colegio de Málaga. Alcalá de Henares: Universidad de Alcalá; 2011.
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