Jump to content

Q4 (New York City bus)

Route map:
This is a good article. Click here for more information.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is the current revision of this page, as edited by Amakuru (talk | contribs) at 10:55, 13 September 2024 (Amakuru moved page Q4 bus to Q4 (New York City bus) over redirect: Reverting mass undiscussed move of bus routes per WP:RMUM; city name is useful for recognition, and some such as B15 are also ambiguous with bus routes in other cities). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.

(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)

q4
q4
Merrick Boulevard−Linden Boulevard
Jamaica−St. Albans−Cambria Heights[1]
A 2020 Nova Bus LFS (8755) on the Q4 departing the Jamaica Center Bus Terminal for Cambria Heights.
Overview
SystemMTA Regional Bus Operations
OperatorNew York City Transit Authority
GarageJamaica Depot
VehicleNova Bus LFS
New Flyer Xcelsior XD40
Route
LocaleQueens, New York, U.S.
Communities servedJamaica, South Jamaica, St. Albans, Cambria Heights
StartJamaica Center – Parsons/Archer Bus Terminal – Bay C
ViaMerrick Boulevard, Linden Boulevard
EndCambria Heights – 235th Street
Length5.0 miles (8.0 km)[2]
Other routesQ5 Merrick Boulevard
Q84 Merrick Blvd/120th Avenue
Q85 Merrick/Conduit Blvds
Service
Operates24 hours[3]
Annual patronage1,306,475 (2023)[4]
TransfersYes
TimetableQ4
← Q3  {{{system_nav}}}  Q5 →

The Q4 bus route constitutes a public transit corridor running along Merrick Boulevard and the easternmost portion of Linden Boulevard in southeastern Queens, New York City. The route runs from the Jamaica Center–Parsons/Archer station to Cambria Heights near the Queens–Nassau County border. The Q4 also provides limited-stop service along the corridor during peak weekday hours. The route is now operated by MTA Regional Bus Operations under the New York City Transit brand.

What is now the Q4 began service in November 1919, running from Jamaica to 201st Street in St. Albans. The franchise was extended to 223rd Street in Cambria Heights in 1931. The Q4 was originally operated by Bee-Line Incorporated and later the North Shore Bus Company until 1947. The Jamaica terminal has been changed several times throughout the route's history.

Route description and service

[edit]

The Q4 begins at Bay C of the Jamaica Center Bus Terminal. It runs east on Archer Avenue to Merrick Boulevard, then south along Merrick Boulevard to Linden Boulevard. This corridor is shared with the Q5, Q85 and the Q84 (formerly the Q4A). The Q4 then diverges east along Linden Boulevard, running through St. Albans and Cambria Heights. The route terminates at 235th Street adjacent to the Cross Island Parkway, which marks the border with North Valley Stream in Nassau County. Travel into Nassau County requires walking several blocks east to Elmont Road to transfer to the n1 route of the Nassau Inter-County Express.[3][5][6][7][8][9]

During weekday rush-hour periods, the Q4 employs limited-stop service. These buses skip all stops north of Liberty Avenue and Merrick Boulevard, using a bypass via 160th Street and Liberty Avenue, and make all local stops east of Francis Lewis Boulevard (near Springfield Boulevard). Limited-stop buses operate in both directions during AM rush hours, and towards Cambria Heights only during PM rush hours (during summer weekdays: mornings toward Jamaica and afternoons toward Cambria Heights). During the morning rush period, alternate peak-direction (Jamaica-bound) local buses begin service at Francis Lewis Boulevard.[3][5][6][10]

The Q4 operates out of the Jamaica Bus Depot on Merrick Boulevard near Jamaica Center, as do several other routes in southeast Queens.[11]

Express bus service

[edit]

The X64 express bus begins at 235th Street, running along Linden Boulevard to Farmers Boulevard. It then runs on Farmers Boulevard, Liberty Avenue, the Van Wyck Expressway, and Queens Boulevard towards Midtown Manhattan.[6][7]

History

[edit]

1910s to 1930s

[edit]

What is now the Q4 began service in November 1919, running from Union Hall Street station in Jamaica along Merrick Road (Merrick Boulevard) and Central Avenue (also known as Foch Boulevard or Westchester Avenue; today's Linden Boulevard)[12] to Bank Street (now 201st Street) in St. Albans, just west of Francis Lewis Boulevard.[13] In December 1923,[14] Bee Line, Inc started operating the route. At this time, service on the eastern portion of the line to Springfield Avenue (Springfield Boulevard) was provided by Bee Line's Farmers Avenue (Farmers Boulevard) route (today's Q3).[12][15][16][17] The exception was a three-week period in July 1927, when Merrick Boulevard-Central Avenue service was extended east to Springfield during construction on Farmers Avenue.[16][17][18]

Bee Line originally operated from 163rd Street and Jamaica Avenue in the Jamaica business district.[14] On October 1, 1930,[19] the Bee Line routes began terminating at the newly constructed Jamaica Union Bus Terminal near its former terminus. The new bus terminal was located at Jamaica Avenue and New York Boulevard (now Guy R. Brewer Boulevard), adjacent to the Union Hall Street station.[19][20][21][22] As constituted in December 1930, the Jamaica-St. Albans route (designated Route No. 4) ran along Merrick Road and Central Avenue to Farmers Boulevard, south along Farmers to 119th Avenue, then east along 119th Avenue (the current Q84 route) to 196th Street.[12] In January 1931, the city altered the franchise (designated "Q-4") to continue on Central Avenue to 223rd Street in Cambria Heights.[23]

On August 11, 1936, the Bee-Line routes were moved to the newly opened 165th Street Bus Terminal (then the Long Island Bus Terminal).[24][25][26] In early 1939, the Q4 franchise was awarded to North Shore Bus Company; at this time, the Cambria Heights Civic Association requested an extension of the route from 227th Street to 236th Street at the Nassau County border.[2][27] In May 1939, Bee-Line relinquished its Queens routes including the Q4.[28] These routes began operation from the terminal under North Shore Bus Company on June 25, 1939,[29] as part of the company's takeover of nearly all routes in Zone D (Jamaica and Southeast Queens).[30][31] The northern terminus of the Q4, Q4A (predecessor to the Q84), Q5, and Q5A was moved once again to Hillside Avenue and 168th Street, near the 169th Street station of the IND Queens Boulevard Line, on October 27, 1939.[8][32]

1940s to 2000s

[edit]

In early 1945, the Q4 was extended from 227th Street to its current terminus at 235th Street near the county line.[33] At this time, short run service was operated to Francis Lewis Boulevard.[34] Following the extension, the route was frequented by residents of nearby Valley Stream towards Jamaica. This led to crowding on the route and complaints from Queens passengers.[34][35][36][37] On March 30, 1947, North Shore Bus would be taken over by the New York City Board of Transportation (later the New York City Transit Authority [NYCTA]), making the bus routes city operated.[32][38][39] Under municipal operations, service on the Q4 was increased on April 3 of that year.[38][40]

On October 5, 1983, the NYCTA held a public hearing on a proposal to introduce zone express service on the Q4, with short-line local service from Francis Lewis Boulevard. With the addition of seven buses in the a.m., service would run every two minutes from Francis Lewis Boulevard. Buses would be added to allow service to run every three minutes in the evening.[41] On December 11, 1988, in conjunction with the opening of the Archer Avenue Subway, the northern terminal of the Q4, Q4A, and the other Merrick Boulevard routes was moved to the Jamaica Center Bus Terminal.[42][43][44] The same day, the Q4A was renumbered Q84.[45] In January 1993, the Merrick Boulevard routes began traveling on Archer Avenue in both directions; previously, northbound buses traveled along Archer Avenue, while southbound buses traveled via Jamaica Avenue.[46][47] In September 2003, limited service on the Q4, Q5, and Q85 was expanded during AM rush hours, beginning earlier in the morning.[48] On January 14, 2004, the MTA instituted the current limited-stop bypass in the Jamaica business district via Liberty Avenue and 160th Street. Reverse-peak limited-stop service was also added to the Q4 during morning hours.[10]

2010s to present

[edit]
A 2015 Nova Bus LFS (8421) on the Cambria Heights-bound Q4 Limited at Merrick Blvd/Sayres Ave in June 2019

In December 2019, the MTA released a draft redesign of the Queens bus network.[49][50] As part of the redesign, the Q4 would have been replaced by a "subway connector" bus route, the QT40, with a nonstop section on Merrick Boulevard.[51] The redesign was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City in 2020,[52] and the original draft plan was dropped due to negative feedback.[53] A revised plan was released in March 2022.[54] As part of the new plan, the Q4 would mostly keep its existing route but will have a nonstop section on Merrick Boulevard. At its eastern end, the Q4 would be extended into Elmont, New York. A second route would run along Linden Boulevard as well called the Q51, a crosstown or Select Bus Service route that would run from Gateway Center Mall to the Q4's current eastern terminus, replacing and making the Q4 Limited stops east of Merrick Boulevard.[55]

As part of a pilot program by the MTA to make five bus routes free (one in each borough), the Q4 was selected alongside the B60, Bx18, M116 and S46/96 to become fare-free in July 2023.[56][57] The pilot program would last six to twelve months and buses would display a "Fare Free" sign, similar to the one used on the Q70.[58] The pilot was only supposed to run from September 24, 2023 until March 30, 2024, but it was extended in March 2024 to run until further notice.[59][60][61] Though ten U.S. Congress members requested in April 2024 that the state government provide additional funding for the fare-free pilot program,[62][63] state lawmakers declined to reauthorize funding for the program.[64] The fare-free program ended on August 31, 2024.[65][66]

A final bus-redesign plan was released in December 2023.[67][68] The Q4 would still become a zone route, with a nonstop section on Merrick Boulevard, but the route would not be extended into Elmont. The Q51 would also be created along Linden Boulevard but would be a limited-stop route with more stops than the original Q51 crosstown/Select Bus Service plan.[69]

See also

[edit]
KML is not from Wikidata

References

[edit]
  1. ^ New York City Board of Estimate (September 19, 1938). "Hearing-Omnibus Operations" (PDF). Long Island Daily Press. Fultonhistory.com. p. 8. Retrieved February 25, 2016.
  2. ^ a b "Notice of Public Hearing: Franchise Matters" (PDF). Long Island Daily Press. Fultonhistory.com. January 27, 1939. p. 19. Retrieved February 18, 2016.
  3. ^ a b c MTA Regional Bus Operations. "Q4 bus schedule".
  4. ^ "Subway and bus ridership for 2023". mta.info. April 29, 2024. Retrieved May 2, 2024.
  5. ^ a b "MTA Bus Time: Q4 Cambria Heights - Jamaica via Linden Blvd / Merrick Blvd". mta.info. MTA Bus Time. Archived from the original on November 7, 2015. Retrieved November 21, 2023.
  6. ^ a b c "Queens Bus Map" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. August 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  7. ^ a b "1975 Queens Bus Map". wardmaps.com. New York City Transit Authority. 1975. Archived from the original on March 9, 2016. Retrieved February 18, 2016.
  8. ^ a b North Shore Bus Company (July 29, 1942). "For the Convenience of Queens Bus Riders" (PDF). Long Island Daily Press. Fultonhistory.com. p. 4. Retrieved February 21, 2016.
  9. ^ "Nassau Inter-County Express System Map" (PDF). Nassau Inter-County Express, Transdev. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 28, 2015. Retrieved January 1, 2016.
  10. ^ a b Dentch, Courtney (January 8, 2004). "Enhanced service begins on Q27 in Queens Village". TimesLedger. Archived from the original on February 25, 2016. Retrieved February 18, 2016.
  11. ^ Bockmann, Rich (April 18, 2014). "MTA buys land to redevelop aging Jamaica Bus Depot". Times Ledger. Archived from the original on September 19, 2015. Retrieved October 29, 2015.
  12. ^ a b c "Harvey Lists Changes in Bus Routes Locally". Long Island Daily Press. Fultonhistory.com. December 5, 1930. p. 1. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 17, 2023. Retrieved March 11, 2016.
  13. ^ "ST. ALBANS". The Daily Long Island Farmer. Fultonhistory.com. November 5, 1919. p. 8. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 17, 2023. Retrieved March 8, 2016.
  14. ^ a b "Bee Line Runs Many Routes: Has Large Central Garage and Headquarters at Rockville Centre". Brooklyn Standard Union. Fultonhistory.com. November 18, 1929. p. 18. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 17, 2023. Retrieved March 11, 2016.
  15. ^ "More Bee Line Buses For Route To St. Albans: President Carter Says Service Is to be of the Best". Long Island Daily Press. Fultonhistory.com. August 28, 1925. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 17, 2023. Retrieved March 10, 2016.
  16. ^ a b "Bee Bus Lines Begin New Route To Cambria Hgts. Section of St. Albans". Long Island Daily Press. March 17, 1927. p. 10. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 17, 2023. Retrieved March 10, 2016.
  17. ^ a b "Bus Route Resumed By Bee Lines: Hollis and Central Avenue Run Put Back at St. Albans' Request". Long Island Daily Press. Fultonhistory.com. July 30, 1927. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 17, 2023. Retrieved March 10, 2016.
  18. ^ "St. Albans Wants Buses Back Again". Long Island Daily Press. Fultonhistory.com. July 1, 1927. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 17, 2023. Retrieved March 10, 2016.
  19. ^ a b "Jamaica Opens Terminal Today: Bus Station Triples Service: 50,000 Passengers To Be Handled Daily By New Plan" (PDF). The Nassau Daily Review. Fultonhistory.com. October 1, 1930. p. 9. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 17, 2023. Retrieved February 21, 2016.
  20. ^ "Bus Routes Over Which Companies Are Battling" (PDF). Long Island Daily Press. Fultonhistory.com. July 15, 1931. p. 4. Retrieved February 21, 2016.
  21. ^ "$1,500,000 Bus Terminal Started: Service To Begin In 30 Days, Say Depot Builders" (PDF). Long Island Daily Press. Fultonhistory.com. August 12, 1930. p. 1. Retrieved February 21, 2016.
  22. ^ "Green Line to Use New York Ave. Depot As Bee Buses Shift to 165th St. Terminal" (PDF). Long Island Daily Press. Fultonhistory.com. August 12, 1936. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 17, 2023. Retrieved February 20, 2016.
  23. ^ "54 Bus Routes Win Approval By City". The New York Times. January 28, 1931. Archived from the original on July 7, 2015. Retrieved July 6, 2015.
  24. ^ "At Midnight...Tuesday, August 11, 1936". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. August 11, 1936. p. 4. Archived from the original on February 9, 2017. Retrieved February 20, 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
  25. ^ "Bee Bus Line Will Use New Jamaica Station: To Remove to $1,500,000 Terminal Tuesday Night". New York Herald Tribune. August 10, 1936. Retrieved July 1, 2015.
  26. ^ "Jamaica's Bus Terminal Open: Bee Line and Four Shops Lease Space-Centrally Located". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. August 16, 1936. Archived from the original on January 11, 2019. Retrieved July 9, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
  27. ^ "Bus Terminal Change Asked" (PDF). Long Island Daily Press. Fultonhistory.com. February 1, 1939. p. 5. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 7, 2022. Retrieved March 13, 2016.
  28. ^ Hall, Charles (May 23, 1939). "Bee Line Quits Zone D As Police Jail Drivers: Ousted 'Wildcat' Presses Fight In Courts" (PDF). Long Island Daily Press. No. 72. Fultonhistory.com. p. 1. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 17, 2023. Retrieved January 9, 2016.
  29. ^ "North Shore Buses Start From Terminal Today" (PDF). Long Island Star-Journal. Fultonhistory.com. June 25, 1939. p. 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 17, 2023. Retrieved January 9, 2016.
  30. ^ "North Shore May Take Over Z & M And Schenck Lines on Saturday: Franchise for Zone D Area Is Legalized" (PDF). Long Island Daily Press. Fultonhistory.com. June 27, 1939. p. 1. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 17, 2023. Retrieved February 20, 2016.
  31. ^ Abelman, Lester (February 2, 1939). "Court Upholds Bus Permit; City Defeats Bee Line In Zone D Fight; Way Cleared for North Shore to Take Over Routes in Jamaica Area" (PDF). Long Island Daily Press. Fultonhistory.com. p. 1. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 17, 2023. Retrieved February 20, 2016.
  32. ^ a b "Major Improvements Ordered in Zone D" (PDF). Long Island Star-Journal. Fultonhistory.com. April 10, 1947. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 17, 2023. Retrieved February 19, 2016.
  33. ^ "Home Owners in Cambria Heights Oppose Buses in Side Streets" (PDF). Long Island Daily Press. April 11, 1945. p. 4. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 17, 2023. Retrieved March 13, 2016.
  34. ^ a b Welsh, Frederick J. (February 25, 1947). "Nassau Riders Cross Line to Jam Buses" (PDF). Long Island Star-Journal. p. 1. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 8, 2022. Retrieved March 13, 2016.
  35. ^ Welsh, Frederick J. (February 25, 1947). "Nassau Riders Cross Line to Jam Buses" (PDF). Long Island Star-Journal. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 6, 2022. Retrieved March 13, 2016.
  36. ^ Welsh, Frederick J. (February 5, 1948). "Battle Over Seats Brings Police; Getting to Work Is a Daily Struggle" (PDF). Long Island Star-Journal. Fultonhistory.com. p. 1. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 17, 2023. Retrieved March 13, 2016.
  37. ^ Welsh, Frederick J. (February 5, 1948). "Battle Over Seats Brings Police; Getting to Work Is a Daily Struggle" (PDF). Long Island Star-Journal. Fultonhistory.com. p. 8. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 17, 2023. Retrieved March 13, 2016.
  38. ^ a b "Trips Doubled, Headway Time Is Cut In Half; Q-43 and Q-4 Lines of North Shore Affected; Rush Hours Extended" (PDF). Long Island Star-Journal. Fultonhistory.com. April 2, 1947. p. 1. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 6, 2022. Retrieved March 13, 2016.
  39. ^ "CITY TAKES OVER BUS LINE: O'Connor Selected to Operate North Shore System" (PDF). The New York Times. March 30, 1947. Archived from the original on December 15, 2023. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
  40. ^ "Trips Doubled, Headway Time Is Cut In Half; Q-43 and Q-4 Lines of North Shore Affected; Rush Hours Extended" (PDF). Long Island Star-Journal. Fultonhistory.com. April 2, 1947. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 17, 2023. Retrieved March 13, 2016.
  41. ^ "Notice of Public Hearing". New York Daily News. August 31, 1983. Retrieved April 3, 2022.
  42. ^ "History Of The Bus System". mta.nyc.ny.us. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. 1998. Archived from the original on January 27, 1998. Retrieved August 5, 2018.
  43. ^ Johnson, Kirk (November 12, 1988). "M.T.A. Refuses To Change Plan On Bus Routes". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016. Retrieved February 18, 2016.
  44. ^ "Queens Merchants Win More Bus Service". The New York Times. March 17, 1989. Archived from the original on July 1, 2015. Retrieved August 5, 2018.
  45. ^ "Revised Bus Service In Queens Introducing Great Connections To Archer Avenue Subway Extension". New York City Transit Authority. December 1988. Archived from the original on December 17, 2023. Retrieved August 5, 2018.
  46. ^ Faison, Seth (November 29, 1992). "Bus-Fare Cuts Fail to Lure Queens Riders". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 13, 2016. Retrieved March 13, 2016.
  47. ^ Hernandez, Raymond (October 10, 1993). "JAMAICA; Merchants Say a Change in Bus Routes Hurts". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 13, 2016. Retrieved February 18, 2016.
  48. ^ Woodberry, Warren Jr. (September 8, 2003). "TA SHIFTS GEARS ON SIX BUS ROUTES". Daily News (New York). Archived from the original on December 22, 2015. Retrieved December 16, 2015.
  49. ^ Acevedo, Angélica (December 17, 2019). "MTA gives 'sneak peek' of transformative Queens bus network redesign plan". QNS.com. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved January 1, 2020.
  50. ^ "MTA Unveils Draft Proposal to Redesign Bus Network in Queens". Spectrum News NY1 | New York City. December 31, 2019. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved January 1, 2020.
  51. ^ "Draft Plan, Queens Bus Network Redesign". Metropolitan Transportation Authority. December 2019. Archived from the original on December 31, 2019. Retrieved January 1, 2020.
  52. ^ "Queens bus network redesign remains on hold amid COVID-19 pandemic: MTA". QNS.com. Archived from the original on July 5, 2020. Retrieved July 5, 2020.
  53. ^ Duggan, Kevin (December 15, 2021). "MTA to release 'totally redone' Queens bus network redesign draft in early 2022". amNewYork. Archived from the original on January 21, 2022. Retrieved January 21, 2022.
  54. ^ Duggan, Kevin (March 29, 2022). "FIRST ON amNY: MTA reveals new Queens bus redesign draft plan". amNewYork. Archived from the original on March 29, 2022. Retrieved March 29, 2022.
  55. ^ "Draft Plan, Queens Bus Network Redesign". Metropolitan Transportation Authority. March 2022. Archived from the original on March 29, 2022. Retrieved January 1, 2020.
  56. ^ Brachfeld, Ben (July 17, 2023). "MTA announces five bus routes for fare-free pilot". amNewYork. Archived from the original on July 18, 2023. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
  57. ^ "Free bus routes will be part of MTA pilot program heading to NYC this fall". NBC New York. July 17, 2023. Archived from the original on July 18, 2023. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
  58. ^ "Governor Hochul Announces Fare Free Bus Routes Included in MTA Pilot". www.governor.ny.gov. New York State Government. Archived from the original on July 17, 2023. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  59. ^ "Fare-free pilot on five MTA bus routes". new. Metropolitan Transit Authority. Archived from the original on September 26, 2023. Retrieved September 22, 2023.
  60. ^ "NYC officials assures New Yorkers new MTA fare-free bus program is 'not a pipe dream'". abc7ny.com. ABC 7 New York. Archived from the original on November 7, 2023. Retrieved September 22, 2023.
  61. ^ "Free NYC bus routes in each borough start Sunday as part of MTA program: What to know". nbcnewyork.com. NBC New York. Archived from the original on September 21, 2023. Retrieved September 22, 2023.
  62. ^ Shkurhan, Iryna (April 6, 2024). "Members of Congress ask Hochul to fund more fare-free buses amid state budget negotiations – QNS". QNS. Retrieved April 22, 2024.
  63. ^ Brachfeld, Ben (March 12, 2024). "State lawmakers propose $90 million for more frequent buses, fare-free pilot in budget response". amNewYork. Retrieved April 22, 2024.
  64. ^ Brachfeld, Ben (April 21, 2024). "MTA's free bus experiment will end after not being reauthorized in state budget". amNewYork. Retrieved April 22, 2024.
  65. ^ Matteo, Mike (August 29, 2024). "NYC fare-free bus pilot to end this weekend: What riders on Staten Island need to know". silive. Retrieved September 1, 2024.
  66. ^ Dawson, Athena (August 29, 2024). "MTA's fare-free bus program slated to end in Queens this week". QNS. Retrieved September 1, 2024.
  67. ^ Brachfeld, Ben (December 12, 2023). "MTA unveils final proposal for Queens bus network redesign". amNewYork. Archived from the original on December 13, 2023. Retrieved December 13, 2023.
  68. ^ Shkurhan, Iryna (December 13, 2023). "MTA unveils final plan to overhaul Queens bus network for the first time in decades". QNS.com. Archived from the original on December 14, 2023. Retrieved December 14, 2023.
  69. ^ "Final Plan, Queens Bus Network Redesign". Metropolitan Transportation Authority. December 2023. Archived from the original on December 12, 2023. Retrieved January 1, 2020.