User:Carcharoth/To improve
To improve
[edit]- American Expeditionary Force
- William M. Wright
- Memorials to the Missing
- Fields of Sacrifice
- Osowiec Fortress
Miscellaneous
[edit]Keep an eye on:
WWI stuff that doesn't count for contest:
- Created Category:World War I theatre (later tidied up by someone else)
Other
[edit]Other ideas:
- Literary WWI stuff
- Some WWI poems, more WWI poetry, Excellent Oxford University WWI poetry resource
- Memorial passages (also consider formulaic memorial inscriptions)
- National Archives WWI website
- Three interesting books reviewed (memorials, The Somme, literature)
Potential or actual articles:
- All Quiet on the Western Front
- All Quiet on the Western Front (1930 film)
- All Quiet on the Western Front (1979 film)
- The Road Back (sequel to 'All Quiet on the Western Front')
- The Road Back (film)
- Blackadder Goes Forth
- Regeneration (novel) (and two sequels)
- Regeneration (1997 film)
- The Great War (documentary)
- Oh! What a Lovely War (musical)
- Oh, What a Lovely War! (film)
- Testament of Youth
- Goodbye to All That
- A Farewell to Arms
- Journey's End
- Journey's End (1930 film)
- Observe the Sons of Ulster Marching Towards the Somme
- The Accrington Pals (play)
- Not About Heroes
- For Services Rendered
- Heartbreak House
WWI news
[edit]Some WWI news stories I noticed that could be added to articles or otherwise used as resources:
- http://www.smh.com.au/national/gallipoli-battle-cries-recaptured-20100103-lndj.html
- http://www.thenewsstar.com/article/20100103/OPINION02/1030304
- http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/features/memories-are-made-of-this/story-e6frg6z6-1225815713451 (not WWI but a lovely story)
- http://www.lancastereaglegazette.com/article/20100103/OPINION02/1030305/1014/OPINION/Geopolitics-before-World-War-I
- http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1239929/Dads-Army-actor-Arnold-Ridleys-son-belittled-fathers-awesome-heroism.html Arnold Ridley
- http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,5076789,00.html Albert Schweitzer (not WWI either)
- http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1236319/WWI-photographs-taken-Christina-Broom-auction.html
- http://www.birminghammail.net/news/black-country/black-country-news/2009/12/30/black-country-victoria-cross-winners-are-honoured-97319-25489033/
- http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/cambridgeshire/8418787.stm
- http://www.timescolonist.com/entertainment/Seeing+Great+through+eyes+women+served/2383842/story.html
- http://www.ballymenatimes.com/news/Frosty-reception-for-Irish-Great.5909048.jp
- http://www.2theadvocate.com/entertainment/books/80142957.html
- http://www.dailycomet.com/article/20100110/ARTICLES/100109496/1008?Title=Library-showcases-posters-used-to-rally-a-nation-behind-World-War-I
- http://www.cambridge-news.co.uk/cn_news_cambridge/displayarticle.asp?id=471827
- http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-1241403/The-horses-won-war-How-harrowing-reality-inspired-Michael-Morpugos-classic-novel.html
- http://www.burtonmail.co.uk/burtonmail/displayarticle.asp?id=475617
- http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/weekend/2010/0109/1224261948394.html
- http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/weekend/2010/0109/1224261948201.html - Dora Carrington, Mark Gertler, Paul Nash, Stanley Spencer and Richard Nevinson
- http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/10/books/review/Crime-t.html
- http://www.thisisgloucestershire.co.uk/gloucestershireheadlines/Rare-painting-sold-Help-Heroes/article-1700955-detail/article.html
- http://www.rferl.org/content/Iran_President_Demands_World_War_Reparations/1927565.html
- http://www.tehrantimes.com/Index_view.asp?code=210529
- http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/6947209/A-Crisis-of-Brilliance-Five-Young-British-Artists-and-the-Great-War-by-David-Boyd-Haycock-review.html
- http://thedartmouth.com/2010/01/14/arts/hotelmodern
- http://rememberwhen.gazettelive.co.uk/2010/01/the-singing-jockeys.html
- http://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/-/2558/844062/-/pwepl9z/-/
- http://www.tennessean.com/article/D4/20100117/NEWS01/1170318/Remembering+Rutherford++Enduring+friendship+bridged+divide
- http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/arts/la-ca-long-beach-opera17-2010jan17,0,1333717.story The Good Soldier Schweik - Jaroslav Hasek
- http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/view/137083
- http://www.smh.com.au/national/genocide-monument-actions-referred-to-ombudsman-20100117-mecv.html
- http://www.dchieftain.com/dc/index.php/opinion/705-remembering-the-great-war.html
- http://www.swindonadvertiser.co.uk/news/remember/reports/4852575.History__When_peace_led_to_riot/
- http://www.cbc.ca/canada/windsor/story/2010/01/14/chatham-medal-mystery-100114.html
- http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/history/newsid_8459000/8459093.stm (see image 8 of 10 - WWI refugees from Belgium)
- http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/history/newsid_8492000/8492808.stm
- http://www.stjoenews.net/news/2010/jan/20/our-opinion-memorial-merits-national-designation/?opinion
- http://edition.cnn.com/2010/POLITICS/02/01/last.world.war.one.vet/
- http://network.nationalpost.com/np/blogs/fullcomment/archive/2009/11/09/dennis-duffy-the-swift-verdict-of-military-justice.aspx
- http://network.nationalpost.com/np/blogs/fullcomment/archive/2010/02/01/dennis-duffy-privatizing-national-mourning.aspx
WWI British generals
[edit]http://www.firstworldwar.bham.ac.uk/donkey/index.htm
The answer: "But what about the mass of general officers in an army of 60 divisions and two million men? Who were they? How many were there? How were they chosen, promoted and dismissed? [...] As a taste of things to come the Centre for First World War Studies will be presenting a weekly portrait of one of Britain’s Western Front generals, of whom there were (at the last count) 1,257."
Full list is available at the link here and also here.
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How_many_generals_died_in_world_war_1
"78 British and Dominion officers of the rank of Brigadier General and above died on active service in the First World War while a further 146 were wounded. These figures alone show that, contrary to popular belief, British Generals frequently went close enough to the battle zone to place themselves in considerable danger."
Need to find source for that "78" figure. The Western Front figure is 58, maybe the higher figure comes from the other study listed here (the "British Senior Officer Casualties on the Western Front 1914-1918"), though as that is also specifying "Western Front", maybe not.
Hmm. Something here (a criticism of the 78 figure). The author of the 78 figure is Professor Peter Simkins of the Imperial War Museum. See also here for a BBC article from 1998.
From: Category:British Army World War I generals
Total of 196 so far. Divided into groups:
- (A) Lack talk page
- (B) Lack Military History tag
- (C) Lack of WWI parameter
196 from A-Z
- 108 are listed above in various categories (11/50/47).
- 88 are tagged MilHist and WWI, but may lack British and Biography.
- Lack talk page: 11 fixed
- Lack MilHist tag: 50 fixed
- Lack WWI parameter (may also lack British and Biography): 47 fixed
- British Generals that died in WWI
- Moved to User:Carcharoth/Article incubator/List of British Army generals who died during World War I
More ideas
[edit]Great resource on generals here:
Write something on state funerals of Haig and Foch.
Point out that articles like this are not covered by "World War I generals" category:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Currie
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_Mercer
Also, some Field Marshals missing from the British WWI generals category (technically, they are not generals):
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Kitchener,_1st_Earl_Kitchener
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_British_Field_Marshals
And this is an excellent resource:
http://www.kcl.ac.uk/iss/archives/
Look through all the pages on generals for more ideas on sources.
Concorde crash
[edit]Add something on what happened to those on the ground during the Concorde crash.
- http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/1350461/It-was-like-an-atom-bomb-in-the-sky.html
- http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/how-one-womans-dream-died-with-the-113-victims-of-concorde-crash-675177.html
- http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/showbiz/article-899917-reliving-the-concorde-crash.do
- http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/1350460/113-killed-in-Concorde-crash.html
- http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/852327.stm
Robert Boyle
[edit]Have acquired major new biography (published 2009). Article has potential for improvement from its current state. Lots to work on at the Robert Boyle page, and at the Boyle Lectures page.
American Museum of Natural History
[edit]Books ordered (arrived ages ago and second one read)
- American Museum of Natural History: 125 Years of Expedition and Discovery - Edward O. Wilson
- Dinosaurs in the Attic: An Excursion Into the American Museum of Natural History - Douglas J. Preston
Use to improve American Museum of Natural History, and go back to idea of separate article for the Library.
Lister Medal
[edit]Lister Medal stuff again: look here and here and take a copy and try and get an answer about what happened to the medal after 1997/8.
WWI poetry
[edit]Dumping a random idea here, as I haven't really found time to follow it up.
Jerusalem was popularised as a poem during WWI. The hymn music was written in 1916. The poem was included in a patriotic anthology of verse published in 1916.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914_in_poetry http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1915_in_poetry http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1916_in_poetry http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1917_in_poetry http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1918_in_poetry http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1919_in_poetry http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1920_in_poetry
Maybe a list of anthologies in my userspace?
http://www.archive.org/details/propatrietregepo00kniguoft
"Pro patria et rege" looks interesting.
Deaths in the years 1914 to 1918 and 1939 to 1945
[edit]A random idea that led to a Signpost articles (on births and deaths in the 20th century in terms of Wikipedia articles), but now dumping here as not enough time to follow up (this is more detailed thesis-level stuff):
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:1914_deaths http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:1915_deaths http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:1916_deaths http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:1917_deaths http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:1918_deaths
- Total for 1914-1918 is 5,998 deaths.
- Total for 1939-1945 is 12,734 deaths.
Compare to:
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:World_War_I_casualties
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:World_War_II_casualties
Idea would be to see what proportion of deaths among those with Wikipedia articles are due to the wars.
Most expensive books
[edit]Another fairly random idea.
Possible lists there. Check before going ahead with this.
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codex_Leicester_%28Leonardo_da_Vinci%29
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospels_of_Henry_the_Lion
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Canterbury_Tales
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gutenberg_Bible
Do we need and article on the "Northumberland Bestiary"?
- See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_medieval_bestiaries
- Model on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aberdeen_Bestiary
- Also on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Bestiaries
Do we have an article on Mozart's manuscripts?
Try to identify specific Hebrew Bible sold at auction.
Do we need an article on the "Monypenny Breviary"?
Hours and psalters of: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_de_Bohun,_Countess_of_Arundel
Might be this woman, actually:
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_de_Badlesmere,_Countess_of_Northampton
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_illuminated_manuscripts
Search there for "Bohun", and do list of "Bohun manuscripts"?
Group articles will work better here.
Indigenous peoples of Russia and Central Asia
[edit]Starting to develop an interest in this area. See if The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire is a reliable source.
NASA history
[edit]Some useful sources on NASA history, and biographies:
Radiology
[edit]Hamburg Radiation Martyrs Memorial: "In 1936 a memorial was erected in Hamburg to the early pioneers of x-rays who suffered radiation injury or lost their lives due to their work. [...] 169 names from 15 nations inscribed on the monument." [1]
- List available here.
- Notes here.
Redlinks at Albert Einstein World Award of Science
[edit]- Geoffrey Alan Ozin de:Geoffrey Ozin
- Niels Birbaumer de:Niels Birbaumer
- Charles R. Goldman de:Charles R. Goldman
- Jean-Marie Ghuysen de:Jean-Marie Ghuysen
Matthew White Ridley
[edit]Matthew White Ridley (1837-1888) may be confused with the other Matthew White Ridleys listed at Matthew Ridley. Some possible sources for a short article:
- Matthew White Ridley, 1837-1888 (Whistler Etchings Project, University of Glasgow)
- Etchings by MWR (Whistler Etchings Project, University of Glasgow)
- MWR at Your Paintings
- The Pool of London (1862) - see Pool of London
- Pickford Waller (c.1880) - see Pickford Waller
- William Simpson, provost of Inverness
- Ships in a Dock
Lots of etchings and paintings, but not much more.
Queen Victoria and family
[edit]From Grandchildren of Victoria and Albert (image and identification key), with 39 people listed (the artwork was published 14 July 1877):
- Prince Frederick William Louis of Hesse, K.G. Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse
- Prince Frederick William Victor Albert of Prussia. Wilhelm II, German Emperor
- Princess Frederika Amelia Wilhelmina Victoria of Prussia. Princess Viktoria of Prussia
- Princess Victoria Elizabeth Augusta Charlotte of Prussia. Princess Charlotte of Prussia
- Prince Ernest Louis Charles Albert William of Hesse. Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse
- Prince Albert John Charles Frederic[k] Alfred George of Schleswig-Holstein. Albert, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein
- Frederick William, Imperial Crown Prince of Germany and Prussia, K.G. Frederick III, German Emperor
- Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, K.G. Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein
- Prince Arthur, K.G., Duke of Connaught and Strathearn. Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn
- Prince Christian Victor Albert Ludwig Ernest Anton of Schleswig-Holstein. Prince Christian Victor of Schleswig-Holstein
- Prince Joachim Frederick Ernest Waldemar of Prussia. Prince Waldemar of Prussia (1868–1879)
- Princess Sophie Dorothée Ulrique Alice of Prussia. Sophia of Prussia
- Princess Margaretta Beatrice Feodore of Prussia. Princess Margaret of Prussia
- Victoria, Princess Royal of England, and Imperial Crown Princess of Germany and Prussia. Victoria, Princess Royal
- Prince Leopold, K.G. Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany
- The Marquis of Lorne, K.T. John Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll
- Prince Albert William Henry of Prussia. Prince Henry of Prussia (1862–1929)
- Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, K.G. Edward VII
- Her Majesty Queen Victoria. Queen Victoria
- Princess Franziska Josepha Louise Augusta Mary Christina Helena of Schleswig-Holstein. Princess Marie Louise of Schleswig-Holstein
- Princess Elizabeth Alexandrine Louise Alice of Hesse. Princess Elisabeth of Hesse and by Rhine (1864–1918)
- Princess Victoria Alexandrina Olga Mary of Wales. Princess Victoria of the United Kingdom
- Princess Louise Victoria Alexandra Dagmar of Wales. Louise, Princess Royal
- Princess Maud Charlotte Mary Victoria of Wales. Maud of Wales
- Prince George Frederick Ernest Albert of Wales. George V
- Prince Alfred Alexander William Ernest Albert (Son of the Duke and Duchess of Edinburgh). Alfred, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
- Alexandra, Princess of Wales. Alexandra of Denmark
- Prince Albert Victor Christian Edward of Wales. Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale
- Prince Alfred, K.G., Duke of Edinburgh. Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
- Princess Irene Marie Louise Anna of Hesse. Princess Irene of Hesse and by Rhine
- Princess Victoria Louise Sophie Augusta Amelia Helena of Schleswig-Holstein. Princess Helena Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein
- Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein (Princess Helena of England). Princess Helena of the United Kingdom
- Marie Alexandrovna, Duchess of Edinburgh and Grand Duchess of Russia. Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia
- Princess Beatrice Mary Victoria Feodora. Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom
- Princess Louise, Marchioness of Lorne. Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll
- Princess Victoria Alberta Elizabeth Matilda Mary of Hesse. Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine
- Princess Victoria Alice Helena Louisa Beatrice of Hesse. Alexandra Feodorovna (Alix of Hesse)
- Princess Louis of Hesse (Princess Alice of England). Princess Alice of the United Kingdom
- Princess Maria Victoria Feodore Leopoldine of Hesse. Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine
Notes
[edit]This copy of the work dates from 1877, but the original may have been earlier. The ages of the people portrayed have been calculated using the date it was published in the USA in Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper: 14 July 1877. No source located yet as to the earliest publication date, or when the work was produced.
It is a group portrait showing Queen Victoria and her sons, daughters, sons-in-law, daughters-in-law, and her grandchildren. All nine of her children are present (four sons and five daughters). Three of them had not yet married. Six of them had married and of those marriages five had produced children. Twenty-three of her grandchildren are present in this scene, ranging in ages from 2 years to 18 years. If the date of 1877 is correct, then two grandchildren are missing: Marie of Romania (born 29 October 1875) and Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (born 25 November 1876). Possibly the portrait actually dates to between 15 October 1874 (the birth date of the youngest person present: Alfred, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha) and 29 October 1875 (the birth date of the next grandchild to be born: Marie of Romania). The eldest grandchild is the future Wilhelm II, German Emperor, who is somewhere between 16 and 18 depending on the exact date of this work.
The arrangement within the portrait shows the Wales family (the heirs to the throne) grouped around Queen Victoria, while the Prussian family (heirs to the German throne) is grouped at left. The Hessian, Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (Edinburgh) and Schleswig-Holstein families are largely not grouped together. The two youngest grandchildren are at centre. The elder male grandchildren are standing with their fathers or with other older male relatives.
Lots has been written about the extended connections of Victoria's children and descendants across Europe (example). Some of the examples here are two future kings of the United Kingdom, two future German emperors, two sisters that would die in the Russian Revolution (one as Empress of Russia), and a future Queen of Norway. Another portrait from around the same time (1875) shows just the Queen and her children and their consorts (The Royal Family of England, 1875, from the British Museum).
Sons and wives
[edit]- Edward VII and Alexandra of Denmark (18 and 27)
- Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia (29 and 33)
- Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn (not yet married) (9)
- Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany (not yet married) (15)
Daughters and husbands
[edit]- Victoria, Princess Royal and Frederick III, German Emperor (14 and 7)
- Princess Alice of the United Kingdom and Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse (38 and 1)
- Princess Helena of the United Kingdom and Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein (32 and 8)
- Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll and John Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll (no children) (35 and 16)
- Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom (not yet married) (34)
Grandchildren
[edit]Seven surviving children of Victoria and Frederick:
- Wilhelm II, German Emperor (2)
- Princess Charlotte of Prussia (4)
- Prince Henry of Prussia (1862–1929) (17)
- Princess Viktoria of Prussia (3)
- Prince Waldemar of Prussia (1868–1879) (11)
- Sophia of Prussia (12)
- Princess Margaret of Prussia (13)
Five surviving children of Edward and Alexandra:
- Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale (28)
- George V (25)
- Louise, Princess Royal (23)
- Princess Victoria of the United Kingdom (22)
- Maud of Wales (24)
Six surviving children of Alice and Louis:
- Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine (36)
- Princess Elisabeth of Hesse and by Rhine (1864–1918) (21)
- Princess Irene of Hesse and by Rhine (30)
- Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse (5)
- Alexandra Feodorovna (Alix of Hesse) (37)
- Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine (39)
One child of Alfred and Maria:
Four surviving children of Helena and Christian:
- Prince Christian Victor of Schleswig-Holstein (10)
- Albert, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein (6)
- Princess Helena Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein (31)
- Princess Marie Louise of Schleswig-Holstein (20)
World War I novels and memoirs
[edit]Look through Category:World War I novels and Category:Personal accounts of World War I and maybe make a list and/or separate out the works by veterans of WWI and other 'types' (including later works by those responding to the history). See also World War I in popular culture, and World War I in literature. Theatre is not well covered at the moment?
Random people
[edit]The following could be expanded:
CWGC URLs to convert to templates
[edit]- 1,271 for 'http://www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty' (update on 29 January 2018: 1,634)
- 1,708 for 'http://www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?' (update on 29 January 2018: 1,646)
- 1067 for 'http://www.cwgc.org/find-a-cemetery/cemetery' (update on 29 January 2018: 1,219)
- 843 for 'http://www.cwgc.org/search/cemetery_details.aspx?' (update on 29 January 2018: 839)
Use {{CWGC}} and {{CWGC cemetery}}. List pages with large numbers of potential uses of these templates. The numbers above date from 8 August. 22:18, 24 August 2016 (UTC)
Analysis of the data for the above external links searches, using data obtained on 26 August 2016:
- Total of 4965 links, with 268 outside of article namespace. (update on 29 January 2018: 5338 links, with 361 outside article namespace)
- Hence 4697 links from articles, but several have more than one link. (update on 29 January 2018: 4977 links from articles)
- Total number of articles with these links is 3051. (update on 29 January 2018: 3273 articles)
The articles are mainly people, cemeteries, churches, memorials, military units/battles/ships, various list articles and assorted other article types.
Useful results (to be copied here at some point and/or onto a subpage):
- 31 articles with 10 or more links (see below)
- Full list of the 3051 articles, sorted by the four URL types above, see User:Carcharoth/Pages using CWGC links.
It would be useful to have the article list sorted by type, but that would involve going through all 3000+ and tagging them by type (this is normally done by examining the categories attached to the articles).
Articles with 10 or more links
[edit]All CWGC casualty and cemetery URLs now corrected in these articles where they were of the 'aspx' form.
- Cemeteries and crematoria in Brighton and Hove (10 links)
- Timeline of the Irish War of Independence (10 links)
- Cloone (11 links)
- Commonwealth War Graves Commission (11 links)
- List of RAF aircrew in the Battle of Britain (L–N) (11 links)
- List of World War I memorials and cemeteries in Artois (11 links)
- Perth (China Wall) Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemetery (11 links)
- List of Commonwealth War Graves Commission World War II memorials to the missing (12 links)
- Talk:BOAC Flight 777 (13 links)
- Commando (aircraft) (13 links)
- List of World War II aces from Canada (13 links)
- Menin Gate (13 links)
- User talk:Pigsonthewing/Archive 77 (13 links)
- British merchant seamen of World War II (14 links)
- List of pilots awarded an Aviator's Certificate by the Royal Aero Club in 1913 (14 links)
- British cavalry during the First World War (15 links)
- HM LST-420 (15 links)
- Air Forces Memorial (16 links)
- RAF Bomber Command aircrew of World War II (16 links)
- List of World War II aces from Australia (17 links)
- Thiepval Memorial (17 links)
- Talk:Cross of Sacrifice (18 links)
- British yeomanry during the First World War (19 links)
- List of Commonwealth War Graves Commission World War I memorials to the missing (20 links)
- List of England rugby union footballers killed in the World Wars (23 links)
- The Muse in Arms (23 links)
- Manitoba memorial lakes (25 links)
- Tividale (25 links)
- Winterbourne Junior Boys' School (27 links)
- List of Commonwealth War Graves Commission World War I memorials to the missing in Belgium and France (29 links)
- User:Carcharoth/Article incubator/More CWGC WWI memorials (33 links)
- List of Allied airmen from the Great Escape (36 links)
- List of works by Charles Holden (66 links)
- Hamilton Road Cemetery, Deal (85 links)
- List of cricketers who were killed during military service (358 links)
Parliamentary war memorials
[edit]UK Parliament
[edit]IWM war memorial inventory
[edit]WWI and WWI:
- Members And Officers Of Parliament And Sons WW1
- Members And Officers Of Parliament WW2
- House Of Lords
- House of Lords - WW1 and WW2 Books of Remembrance
- House Of Commons WW1 Books Of Remembrance
- House Of Commons WW2 Book Of Remembrance
- Members Of House Of Commons - WW1 Shields (lost)
- Members Of House Of Commons WW1 And WW2 Shields
- Parliamentary Staff
- Committee Office WW1
- Parliamentary Press Gallery WW1
- Parliamentary Press Gallery WW2
- Metropolitan Police Civilian Staff Lamp Of Remembrance WW1
- Ecclesiastical Commissioners Staff
- Unable to find on the IWM inventory the Plate to Lord Kitchener, the Dunkirk timber, or the Sand from Normandy landings
Richard I:
IRA:
Other memorials
[edit]- Add details given at 'The Temporary Cenotaph (lost)' to the Whitehall Cenotaph article.
- Find out what happened to the Royal Star And Garter Home Memorial Chapel.
- Add Surbiton photo and details of Royal Star And Garter Home (closed) to existing article.
- Winchester College War Cloister: http://www.winchestercollegeatwar.com/war-cloister/
- HSBC in Canary Wharf
WWI images
[edit]Someone put up a scanned copy of For remembrance, soldier poets who have fallen in the war, and the images are at: commons:Category:For remembrance, soldier poets who have fallen in the war, Adcock, 1920. Very useful - add these to articles.
Titanic memorial
[edit]Memorial to the Engine Room Heroes of the Titanic:
- https://archive.org/stream/buildingnewseng111londuoft#page/54/mode/2up
- https://archive.org/stream/buildingnewseng111londuoft#page/58/mode/2up
ICAS
[edit]People present or organising the event:
- David R. Francis
- Albion Woodbury Small
- Hugo Münsterberg
- Frederick Skiff
- Herbert Putnam
- Nicholas Murray Butler
- Henry Smith Pritchett
- Richard Henry Jesse
- William Rainey Harper
- Simon Newcomb
- Leland Ossian Howard
- Heinrich Wilhelm Gottfried von Waldeyer-Hartz
- Jessie Tarbox Beals (photographer)
Bank of England doors
[edit]"Wheeler's lions guard each of the portals into the Bank, on Threadneedle Street, Princes Street, Bartholomew Lane, and the two gates on Lothbury".
- Semi-related article here.
Burial places
[edit]- List of burial places of Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom
- War cemetery in National Trust-maintained Cliveden House
WWI casualties
[edit]Articles of interest:
- Frank Beck (British Army officer)
- William Manning: The GAA star who died fighting in the British Army during WW1, see CWGC record.
- To follow up: Harry Prendergast (photo of grave and family plot), Category:Arthur Lewis Jenkins (2018 photo of grave), Bromhead Memorial (2018 photos), South African War Memorial, Richmond Cemetery (2018 photos, including Cross of Sacrifice and war graves section).
- Five WWI casualties mentioned on family graves in Richmond Cemetery: William Spencer Judge, Edwin Alexander Sergeant, Henry Weston-Webb, Montague Adolf Stimson, Eric Malcolm Stimson (photos of family graves that memorialise them).
- From [2] in relation to Christ Church, Birkenhead, the CWGC pages for the sons of the Wolstenholmes are: Captain Richard Francis Wolstenholme and Lieutenant George Mellor Wolstenholme. Plus a memorial to George Cochran, not listed among the dead crew on the Tower Hill Memorial, so presumably a passenger on RMS Leinster.
- From Monuments of Remembrance (which includes David Crane as a talking head): Eric Henderson, example of a casualty identified later and buried in a cemetery after being commemorated on a memorial to the missing. Originally commemorated on the Menin Gate, then found, identified and buried in 2018 in Oak Dump Cemetery in Belgium - find out where the inscription is from (were the wishes relating to headstone inscriptions as provided by the relatives of those named on memorials kept on file in case the body was later found)?
- From Monuments of Remembrance, Dan Cruickshank visits the memorial stained glass window to the three sons of Lady Florence Cecil who were killed in the war. She famously organised a petition against the decisions taken by the IWGC. Her husband has an article: Lord William Cecil (bishop), and her three sons are named there: Randle William Gascoyne-Cecil, John Arthur Gascoyne-Cecil, and Rupert Edward Gascoyne-Cecil.
- Quentin Roosevelt
- Two sons of Bonar Law - James Kidston Law and Charles John Law.
- From 'Soldier, Soldier' episode of Reel History of Britain, presented by Melvyn Bragg, includes mention of the Accrington War Memorial by Herbert Tyson Smith (other memorials by HTS that have articles are Birkenhead War Memorial, Southport War Memorial and Widnes War Memorial). Episode filmed at the Lancashire Infantry Museum. Included mentions of Walter Tull, Geoffrey Malins, William Lowther (aged c.33) killed on the Somme and another brother killed the same day and a brother killed a year earlier in Gallipoli (of the four Lowthers in the East Lancashire Regiment, these three fit that information: William, Arthur and Robert), also mentioned is William Bell (who survived) and his brother Donald Simpson Bell (who did not). Very moving poem at the end composed by two of the descendants.
- The series of interviews with WWI veterans (repackaged for various TV programmes during the centenary years, with some interviews available in the BBC archives, and many featured in books by authors such as Richard van Emden) include some references to the deceased, but only some can be definitively identified by name. One such is Ellen Elston (born Ellen Tanner in 1908), whose father John Tanner was a Company Sergeant Major in the East Surrey Regiment and died on 6 August 1917 (details from Van Emden).
- Doctors and nurses who served in Serbia (e.g. memorials to Dr Elizabeth Ross, Mabel Dearmer, Lorana Ferriss). Scottish Women's Hospital (SWH). 1500 women went to Serbia. Alan Cumming has researched this. Elsie Inglis was the driving force behind it. Allan Turner (Scottish doctor) has also researched the topic. BBC Alba documentary 'A Great Adventure' includes footage of CWGC graves in Serbia, including Madge Neil Fraser, Augusta M. Minshull, Louisa Jordan. Books include Shadow of Swords (biography of Elsie Inglis), A Red Cross Unit in Serbia (by Sir James Berry), By Sea and Land (Hilton Young). Fountain in Belgrade (restored in 1980s). Caroline Toughill died. Elsie Inlgis grave in Edinburgh - she died on active service (she returned ill to the UK from Russia and died in Newcastle a day after landing from her ship). Epitaph: Mors Janua Vitae ('death is the gateway to life' - interesting results if searching for this in Wikipedia - led me to this and this).
- Henry Hugh Clifford, who died in 1883, but his son Hugh Clifford was alive during WWI. The second son of Henry (brother of Hugh) was a Brigadier General who died in WWI. Also, six grandsons died during the war, all named here in what is said to be an elaborate memorial. That is a duplicate entry, a picture is at the other WMR entry here.
Armistice and centenary photos on Commons
[edit]Some notes for photos to potentially use.
- commons:Category:First World War 100th Anniversary (2014-2018)
- File:Last Post Ypres 2018-11-11.ogv
- File:171111-N-N0901-002 (38356456822).jpg
- File:The Centenary of the Appointment of Marshal Foch as Supreme Allied Commander MOD 45163967.jpg
- [3], [4], [5], [6], [7].
Other centenary notes
[edit]- Wilfred Owen series of commemorations and events held in Birkenhead. Artwork based on his poems (see Songs of Praise special episode).
- Anne Acheson in episode of Groundbreakers
- Two books of interest (plus a third already read): Margot Asquith's Great War Diary, Arthur Posonby's Fight for British Neutrality and Gary Sheffield's A Short History of the First World War.
- Robert Graves - brief 5-minute segment on Witness (BBC) to mark 100 years since end of WWI. Featured readings by Graves and memories from his son (William). Shot of William tending Robert's grave in Mallorca. Account of the end of his life, and the way the memories of the war stayed with him and started to return even more vividly towards the end. The trauma and emotion is very apparent in the body language in some of the poetry readings.
- First World War Centenary Cathedral Repairs Fund: (bit obscure!) [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13].
- Book now available on centenary events (see IWM)
- Scapa Flow: Sunken WW1 battleships up for sale on eBay
- Duty and Democracy: Parliament and the First World War
- Parliament and WWI on Twitter
- Parliament and the First World War
Letters from Baghdad
[edit]Missing articles on people featured in Letters from Baghdad:
- General Sir George MacMunn - [14], [15], [16]
- Sir Nigel Davidson (may be too obscure)
- Mentioned (but no talking head or voice part): Geoffrey Archer (colonial administrator)
Other
[edit]- Leon McCarron and Lord Dufferin (episode of Groundbreakers) - Helen's Tower - Letters from High Latitudes - George Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll - figurehead of Elizabeth Campbell, Duchess of Argyll by Carlo Marochetti
- Frank Dudley Hart (1909-2004), British rheumatologist: [17], [18], [19], [20].
- Jean Jallabert (1712-1768), Swiss physicist
ACS awards
[edit]List of American Chemical Society national awards
Nuclear Chemistry
[edit]- 2018: Suresh C. Srivastava
- 2017: David L. Clark (chemist)
- 2016: E. (Earl) Philip Horwitz
- 2015: Heino Nitsche
- 2014: Walter Loveland
- 2013: Richard G. Haire
- 2012: Silvia S. Jurisson
- 2011: David J. Morrissey
- 2010: Lee G. Sobotka
- 2009: Kenton J. Moody
- 2008: Romualdo T. deSouza
- 2007: Norbert G. Trautmann
- 2006: Steven W. Yates
- 2005: Luciano G. Moretto
- 2004: Donald G. Fleming
- 2003: Demetrios G. Sarantites
- 2002: Joanna S. Fowler
- 2001: William B. Walters
- 2000: Richard L. Hahn
- 1999: Karl-Ludwig Kratz
- 1998: Raymond K. Sheline
- 1997: Peter J. Armbruster
- 1996: William D. Ehmann
- 1995: Joseph B. Natowitz
- 1994: E. Kenneth Hulet
- 1993: Richard M. Diamond
- 1992: Robert N. Clayton
- 1991: John M. Alexander (chemist)
- 1990: Michael J. Welch
- 1989: Ronald D. Macfarlane
- 1988: Guenter Herrmann (chemist)
- 1987: Ellis P. Steinberg
- 1986: Victor E. Viola
- 1985: Gregory R. Choppin
- 1984: Joseph Cerny
- 1983: Darleane C. Hoffman
- 1982: Leo Yaffe
- 1981: Robert Vandenbosch
- 1980: Arthur M. Poskanzer
- 1979: Raymond Davis, Jr.
- 1978: Paul K. Kuroda
- 1977: Glen E. Gordon [21] [22]
- 1976: John O. Rasmussen [23] de:John Rasmussen
- 1975: John R. Huizenga
- 1974: Lawrence E. Glendenin
- 1973: Albert Ghiorso
- 1972: Anthony Turkevich
- 1971: Alfred P. Wolf
- 1970: Paul R. Fields [24]
- 1969: George E. Boyd [25]
- 1968: Richard L. Wolfgang [26] [27] [28]
- 1967: Gerhart Friedlander
- 1966: Arthur C. Wahl
- 1965: Stanley G. Thompson
- 1964: Isadore Perlman
- 1963: Martin D. Kamen
- 1962: Truman P. Kohman [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] Meanings of minor planet names: 4001–5000#177 4177 Kohman
- 1961: Joseph J. Katz
- 1960: Charles D. Coryell
- 1959: John E. Willard [34]
- 1958: Jacob Bigeleisen
- 1957: Melvin Calvin
- 1956: Willard F. Libby
- 1955: Henry Taube
75th anniversary of D-Day
[edit]Similar to the (off-wiki) notes I have on the various WWI commemorations, consider where material on the 75th anniversary of D-Day (BBC news) might be best placed and if enough to justify a separate article. And maybe 25 years is not too soon to plan for 100th anniversary of WWII... (though the main lesson is that it becomes harder to bring the main articles to featured status as they get edited more as interest rises, and as new materials is published and the historiography undergoes changes as more research is done). Start to look for 'anniversary' articles on WW2 in general.
- Normandy Memorial (new memorial) [also go back and consider article for Bayeux Memorial, currently at Bayeux war cemetery]
Facto Post
[edit]Interesting:
Medical
[edit]Memorial names
[edit]Names on this memorial from a famous banking family. CWGC records and Wikipedia article connections listed here.
- 1914-1918
- Alastair Smith-Cumming CWGC - son of Mansfield Smith-Cumming
- Albert Edward Charles Robert Viscount Wendover CWGC 1 CWGC 2 (*) - son of Charles Wynn-Carington, 1st Marquess of Lincolnshire
- Algernon Lindsay Eric Smith, M.C. CWGC (*)
- Bernard Ridley Winthrop Smith CWGC (*)
- Charles Jervoise Dudley Smith CWGC (*) - son of daughter of an Earl of Coventry
- Geoffrey Leveson Ion Smith CWGC (*)
- Granville Keith-Falconer Smith CWGC (*) - son of daughter of an Earl of Kintore, married daughter of Robert Bermingham Clements, 4th Earl of Leitrim, his father is also named on this memorial
- Granville Rowland Francis Smith, C.V.O., C.B. (*) (died 4 March 1917, age 57, no CWGC record, some sources say KIA but this is not certain and needs verification), his son is also named on this memorial
- Herbert Assheton Bromley CWGC - son of the 5th of the Bromley baronets
- Herbert Carington Smith CWGC - descendant of a Baron Carrington
- Isham Percy Smith, D.S.O. CWGC
- Julian Martin Smith, D.S.O. CWGC (*)
- Wilfred Robert Abel Smith, C.M.G. CWGC (*) - one of several Old Etonians on this memorial
- 1939-1945
- Algernon Robert Augustus Smith Dorrien Smith CWGC - one of three brothers on this memorial
- Edward Carington Smith CWGC
- Francis Arthur Smith Dorrien Smith CWGC - one of three brothers on this memorial
- Geoffrey Richard Smith Dorrien Smith CWGC
- Gerald Horace Grenfell Smith-Dorrien, D.S.O. CWGC - son of Horace Smith-Dorrien, one of two brothers on this memorial
- Graham Arthur Cecil Carington, D.F.M. CWGC
- Horace Algernon Smith Dorrien Smith CWGC
- Humphrey Hugh Smith, D.S.O. CWGC, more on this admiral here
- Lionel Roger Smith Dorrien Smith CWGC - one of three brothers on this memorial
- Peter Lockwood Smith-Dorrien, O.B.E. (no CWGC record, killed in the King David Hotel bombing on 22 July 1946) - son of Horace Smith-Dorrien, one of two brothers on this memorial
- Robert Eustace Abel Smith CWGC
Similar memorial at Eton (*) is described here and here ('Sons of Eton and Descendants of Thomas Smith of Nottingham 1631').
The Waler: Australia’s Great War Horse
[edit]Examples of topics covered and people and battles mentioned and 'talking heads' that participated: waler horse, 12th Light Horse Regiment (Australia), Battle of Romani, Battle of Beersheba (1917). Brad Manera, Roland Perry, Jill Mather, Michael Tyquin, Jean Bou, Mesut Uyar.
Philip Gibbs
[edit]Books by Philip Gibbs include The Unknown Warrior: Burial in Westminster Abbey and The Soul of A Nation.
Thomas Moult
[edit]Books by Thomas Moult include Cenotaph: A Book of Remembrance in Poetry and Praise for November the Eleventh (1923)
More WWI and WWII deaths
[edit]- Some people are only tangentially mentioned in Wikipedia articles - they do not have their own articles and are not related to those with articles, so mentioning them is likely WP:UNDUE (undue weight), so record these separately. An example (found when reading the FAC review of the article Australasian Antarctic Expedition, a lovely tribute to the late Brian Boulton) is the mentions of Edward Frederick Robert Bage (who does have his own article) and Leslie Blake who died in 1918. CWGC website is currently down, but these can be added or noted somewhere at some point.
- Some discussion at talk pages as well: don't forget the discussion here.
Unknown Warrior burial centenary ceremony
[edit]Some notes on this (11/11/2020 in Westminster Abbey):
- Service conducted by (among others): David Hoyle, Justin Welby and David Stanton
- Poem read out by Simon Armitage ('The Bed')
- Readings by Prince Charles, Cerys Matthews and Boris Johnson
- Song and piano by Ruby Turner and Jools Holland
- Intercessions by (among others): Christopher Finney, Johnson Beharry, and Valerian Freyberg, 3rd Baron Freyberg
Welsh football in WWI
[edit]Welsh-language S4C programme presented by Owain Tudur Jones and broadcast in May 2016 ('Owain Tudur Jones: Ar Faes y Gad') features the following who have entries on the CWGC database:
- T. H. Davies
- D. G. Griffiths (epitaph: "CWSG YM MHELL O WLAD DY ENI BYW O HYD DY FRI A'TH GLOD DAETH DY GYFOED ADRE'N HEINI OND RHY DDEWR FUOST TI I DDOD")
- Arnold Dargie
- Leigh Richmond Roose
- Bobby Atherton
Also featured: Robert Mills-Roberts and Morgan Morgan-Owen and Fred Keenor and George Latham and Harry Beadles.
Arthur Roberts and Jackie Kay
[edit]Poetry by Jackie Kay features in an account of the wartime experience of black Glaswegian soldier Arthur Roberts. Programme ('A Scottish Soldier: A Lost Diary of WWI') opens with a view of the war memorial in George Square.
More war memorials
[edit]- Another procession in 1919
- Includes British Pathe footage of unveiling of Waterloo WWI Victory Arch
- File:Soldiers' Gate, Manchester Victoria station.jpg
- Centenary service held at Southwark Cathedral on Wednesday 6 November 2019 - the photo there is of the Winged Victory for the SOUTH EASTERN AND CHATHAM RAILWAY memorial. The service was held and reported on.
- Sir Henry Wilson, 1st Baronet was assassinated by the IRA after returning from unveiling the Great Eastern Railway War Memorial.
- VCs and railwaymen
Other railway companies with memorials
[edit]- North Staffordshire Railway [35] [146] image (see also this and similar), unveiled 15 August 1922 by Lord Anslow
- Railway Clearing House [36] [144] - EXAMPLE OF A LOST MEMORIAL (see also [37]), unveiled on 14 April 1920
- Taff Vale Railway [38] [39] image
- Cheshire Lines Railway - ?
- Hull and Barnsley Railway [40] [41] (with previous locations) [182], unveiled 9 May 1925 by Francis Gurdon (Bishop of Hull)
- Great North of Scotland Railway [42] [93] image, unveiled 15 Feb 1921 by George Adam Smith.
- Highland Railway [43] [87] image, unveiled 6 August 1921 by Lord Horne.
- Great Southern and Western Railway - image
Parliamentarians in war
[edit]Need to pay more attention! The list(s) I have had knocking around in userspace for several years of MPs killed in the war (plus all the other parliamentarians) really should be dusted off and used, as someone has done some lists over on the French-language Wikipedia (it is a rule of thumb that if you delay long enough on Wikipedia, someone else will do it):
- fr:Liste de parlementaires britanniques morts à la Première Guerre mondiale
- fr:Liste de parlementaires britanniques morts à la Seconde Guerre mondiale
- fr:Liste de parlementaires néo-zélandais aux deux guerres mondiales
- fr:Liste de parlementaires français morts à la Première Guerre mondiale
- fr:Liste de parlementaires français morts à la Seconde Guerre mondiale
Created by the same person (maybe contact them?), first one June 2019, the others more recently (end of 2020). There were some MPs in Canada and Australia who also died as well. Not sure if lists have been done for other countries.
Sculptors
[edit]- Alexander Carrick - could look around for more photos of the war memorials he did.
AfDs
[edit]The AfDs were: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. Of these, Ernest Russell Lyon and Bankole Vivour have material that could possibly be re-used elsewhere (with suitable references). See also the contribs of those who created the articles.
Pearson, Crosfield and Richards families
[edit]Lionel Godfrey Pearson and William Winstanley Pearson are brothers. Their parents were Samuel Pearson and Bertha Eliza Crosfield. The liberal MP William Crosfield is a brother of Bertha. One of the sisters of Lionel and William ('Willie') was Edith Ryley Pearson who married Leyton Richards. In a biographical account of her husband, Private View of a Public Man: The Life of Leyton Richards (1950), Edith said: "I had five brothers older than myself and one younger, and a sister, Dorothy, my constant friend and companion, two years my junior". There was also a sister that died young (Gertrude Margaret) mentioned here (died April 3 1886, aged 9 years and 4 months). See also family tree here.
- Edgar Crosfield Pearson (1873-1938)
- Sidney Vere Pearson (1875-1950)
- Horace Pearson (1878-1946)
- Lionel Godfr(e)y Pearson (1879-1953)
- William Winstanley Pearson (1881-1923)
- Edith Ryley Pearson (1884-1963)
- Dorothy Bertha Pearson (1886-1926)
- Plus a younger brother?
Random
[edit]- Charles Hubert Oldham - Irish economics professor
- Meredith Magniac - CWGC links could be added
Burials and services for British WWI generals
[edit]A semi-complete listing of the burial locations and memorial services for the leading British WWI generals plus some naval and air force leaders as well. Mainly looking at those that attained the rank of field marshal, and those who had services or burials in Westminster Abbey (for the leading French generals, most are buried at Les Invalides - see for example the tomb of Foch).
- Sir Henry Wilson, 1st Baronet - 1921, buried in St Paul's Cathedral
- John French, 1st Earl of Ypres - 1925, memorial service in Westminster Abbey (buried in Ripple, Kent)
- Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig - 1928, memorial service in Westminster Abbey (buried at Dryburgh Abbey)
- Herbert Plumer, 1st Viscount Plumer - 1932, funeral in, and ashes interred in, Westminster Abbey
- Edmund Allenby, 1st Viscount Allenby - 1936, funeral in, and ashes interred in, Westminster Abbey
- Sir William Robertson, 1st Baronet - 1933, buried in Brookwood Cemetery
- Hugh Trenchard, 1st Viscount Trenchard - 1956, not a field marshal, but 'father' of the RAF and his ashes interred in Westminster Abbey
- Rudolph Lambart, 10th Earl of Cavan - 1946, buried at Ayot St Lawrence (this is another one to add to the examples of WWI generals with 'CWGC' headstones)
- George Milne, 1st Baron Milne - 1948, ashes "laid at the shrine of Aberdeen War Memorial"
Semi-random notes
[edit]- Golden age of physics
- J. Robert Oppenheimer Memorial Prize now has a picture!
- List of Imperial War Graves staff burials is... interesting.
- Queen's Road, Richmond - Hmm. Local history!
- Robert Adair (surgeon) should be added to my list of favourite articles that I created.
- Catherwood Learmonth is James Learmonth's younger brother!
- Whiteley Village - never heard of it, but very striking
Possible
[edit]- {DONE} Lord William Cecil (bishop) (sons) John Arthur, Rupert Edward, Randle William
- Carmen Dillon (elder brother) maybe
- Freda Lingstrom and Maria Bird - both engaged to soldiers who died in WWI - unable to find their names in any sources yet
- Christina Kay - unlikely to be able to confirm
- {DONE} Florence White (campaigner) - "In 1916 Florence became engaged, but her fiancée died in France a year later from pneumonia." "Not much is known about her wartime love affair, but when her wounded fiancé died of pneumonia in 1917, she put heartbreak behind her and dragged her abandoned mother and more passive sister up the social ladder by their bootstraps." "A key moment in her life was in 1917, when her fiancé Albert contracted pneumonia at the Front and died."