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Edward Scissorhands
Theatrical release poster
Directed byTim Burton
Screenplay byCaroline Thompson
Story byTim Burton
Caroline Thompson
Produced byTim Burton
Denise Di Novi
StarringJohnny Depp
Winona Ryder
Dianne Wiest
Anthony Michael Hall
Kathy Baker
Vincent Price
Alan Arkin
CinematographyStefan Czapsky
Edited byColleen and Richard Halsey
Music byDanny Elfman
Distributed by20th Century Fox
Release date
  • December 7, 1990 (1990-12-07)
Running time
105 minutes
CountryTemplate:FilmUS
LanguageEnglish
Budget$20 million
Box office$86,024,005

Edward Scissorhands is a 1990 romantic fantasy film directed by Tim Burton and starring Johnny Depp. The film shows the story of an artificial man named Edward, an unfinished creation, who has scissors for hands. Edward is taken in by a suburban family and falls in love with their teenage daughter Kim. Supporting roles are portrayed by Winona Ryder, Dianne Wiest, Anthony Michael Hall, Kathy Baker, Vincent Price, and Alan Arkin.

Burton conceived the idea for Edward Scissorhands from his childhood upbringing in suburban Burbank, California. During pre-production of Beetlejuice, Caroline Thompson was hired to adapt Burton's story into a screenplay, and the film began development at 20th Century Fox, after Warner Bros. passed on the project. Edward Scissorhands was then fast tracked after Burton's success with Batman. Before Depp's casting, the leading role of Edward had been connected to Tom Cruise, Tom Hanks, Robert Downey, Jr., and William Hurt, while the role of The Inventor was written specifically for Vincent Price in his final performance.

The majority of filming took place in the Tampa Bay Area of Florida, which generated over $6 million for the local economy. Edward's scissor hands were created and designed by Stan Winston. The film is also the fourth feature collaboration between Burton and film score composer Danny Elfman. Edward Scissorhands was released with positive feedback from critics, and was a financial success. The film received numerous nominations at the Academy Awards, British Academy Film Awards, Saturn Awards, as well as winning the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation. Both Burton and Elfman consider Edward Scissorhands their most personal and favorite work.

Plot summary

An elderly woman describes to her granddaughter where snow comes from by telling the story of a young man named Edward (Johnny Depp) with scissors for hands, the creation of an inventor (Vincent Price). The inventor was inspired to make an artificial man due to the anthropomorphic appearance of his other inventions. His final result was a humanlike young boy who had everything except for hands, but the inventor had a heart attack and died while in the act of creating a pair of real hands for Edward, leaving him "unfinished" forever.

Many years after Edward was created, local Avon saleswoman Peg Boggs (Dianne Wiest), after failing to make profits in her suburban neighborhood, visits the Gothic mansion on a hill where Edward lives. There, she finds Edward alone, and decides to take him to her home. Edward becomes friends with Peg's young son Kevin (Robert Oliveri) and her husband Bill (Alan Arkin). He later falls in love with the Boggs' teenage daughter Kim (Winona Ryder) and scares her in her bedroom when she came home from a camping trip.

Peg's neighbors are impressed with Edward's masterful skills at hedge trimming and hair cutting. However, two of the townspeople, a religious fanatic named Esmeralda (O-Lan Jones) and Kim's jock boyfriend, Jim (Anthony Michael Hall), immediately dislike him. Joyce, a housewife in the neighborhood, suggests that Edward open a hair cutting salon with her. While examining a proposed site, she attempts to seduce him in the back room, causing Edward to leave in a state of panic.

Wanting money for a van, Jim takes advantage of Edward's ability to pick locks and breaks into his parents' house. The burglar alarm sounds and everyone except Edward escapes, despite Kim's angry insistence that they return for him. Edward is arrested and released when a psychological examination reveals that his isolation allowed him to live without a sense of reality and common sense. The arresting officer, Allen (Dick Anthony Williams), immediately befriends the timid Edward, seeing his intrinsic goodness. Meanwhile, infuriated by Edward's rejection, Joyce gets revenge on him by claiming that he tried to "rape" her. This, added to the "break-in", causes many of the neighbors to question his personality and ruin his popular reputation. During the Christmas season, Edward is feared by almost everyone around him except the Boggs family, making him and the family outcasts.

While the family is setting up Christmas decorations, Edward creates an angel ice sculpture from a block of ice. The shavings from the ice create an effect of falling snow which Kim dances under. Jim calls out to Kim, distracting her, and Edward accidentally cuts her hand. Jim says that Edward had intentionally harmed her and uses this as an opportunity to attack Edward. He runs away from the house, tearing apart the clothes Peg gave him, and wanders the neighborhood in rage. When Kim sees this, she immediately breaks up with Jim and he goes to his friend's van to get drunk. While Peg and Bill search for him with Kevin at a friend's house, Edward returns to the Boggs' house with Kim feeling upset and saying "hold me", but he denies. Instead, Kim grabs a hold of Edward and hugs him. The situation gets worse when Kevin is almost run over by Jim's drunken friend. Edward pushes Kevin out of the way and in a state of excited panic cuts Kevin's face, causing witnesses to think he was attacking Kevin on purpose. Trying to stop, Edward unknowingly cuts a man's face and while Peg tries to get Edward to return home, he cuts Jim's arm. When everyone hears the police siren, Edward flees back to his hilltop mansion and the neighbors form into an angry mob and they follow him. Allen unsuccessfully attempts to turn back the mob by shooting into the air to give impression that it's over, but the mob, led by Joyce, insist on seeing for themselves.

Kim heads to the mansion before the neighbors can get there and reunites with Edward. Jim follows them and brutally attacks Edward, who does not retaliate until Jim slaps and pushes Kim. Edward stabs him in the stomach and pushes him away to fall out of a window to his death. Kim confesses her love for Edward and shares a kiss with him as they say goodbye. To save him, Kim lies to the townspeople that Edward and Jim killed each other in the fight. She tells them that the roof had caved in and shows them a disembodied scissor-hand similar to his. All the neighbors return to their homes.

The elderly woman from the beginning reappears, as she finishes telling her granddaughter the story saying "She never saw him again, not after that night." As her granddaughter asks how she knows, she replies "Because I was there." Suddenly, when her granddaughter reminds her that she can still visit him, she reveals herself with the terms "she" and "I" as, in fact, Kim. She chooses not to visit Edward because she wants Edward to remember her the way she was in her youth. She also reveals that Edward is still alive, seemingly immortal since he is artificial and can never age, and he "creates snow" from his ice sculptures, which falls upon the neighborhood below. She tells her granddaughter that "Sometimes you can still catch me dancing in it." While Edward creates more ice sculptures, a flashback of a young Kim is then shown dancing under the snow falling from the angel ice sculpture above her. The final shot of the movie shows the snow flying away from the mansion.

Cast

  • Johnny Depp as Edward Scissorhands: The main protagonist of the film and the sensitive and misunderstood creation of an inventor. After the inventor's death, Edward was left all alone in the castle without regular hands.
  • Winona Ryder as Kim Boggs: Edward's love interest who, at first, was afraid of him. But, while he was on TV and after her boyfriend, Jim, sets him up, she develops feelings for him. She later protects Edward from the fearful neighbors and Jim.
  • Dianne Wiest as Peg Boggs: Kim and Kevin's mother who brings Edward into the neighborhood.
  • Anthony Michael Hall as Jim: The main antagonist of the film and Kim's thuggish boyfriend. He strongly dislikes Edward and becomes jealous of him because Kim likes Edward more than himself.
  • Kathy Baker as Joyce: The secondary antagonist of the film. She is an aging seductress and one of Peg's neighbors who tries to seduce Edward, but after Edward rejects her advances, she tells everyone that he "tried to rape her". When the neighbors form the mob to attack Edward, Joyce seizes the opportunity to become the mob's leader and exact her revenge on Edward. However, after Kim lies to everyone, Joyce is shown feeling extremely guilty, as it was her lies that led to Edward becoming ostracized and, eventually, to his "death" and Jim's death.
  • Vincent Price as The Inventor: Edward's "father" who, while showing him a pair of hands as an early Christmas present, dies of great old age.
  • Alan Arkin as Bill Boggs: Kim and Kevin's father who tries to make sure Edward stays out of trouble.
  • Robert Oliveri as Kevin Boggs: Kim's younger brother who, at first, was amazed by Edward's scissorhand abilities. Though, is later afraid by him after things take a change for the worse.
  • Conchata Ferrell as Helen: One of Peg's neighbors.
  • Caroline Aaron as Marge: One of Peg's neighbors.
  • O-Lan Jones as Esmeralda: One of Peg's neighbors who is a religious fanatic and sees Edward as a evil and inhuman demon.
  • Dick Anthony Williams as Officer Allen: Edward's arresting officer who sympathizes with Edward and tries to help him escape from a mob, but the mob refuse to listen to Allen.
  • Steven Brill as Dishwasher Man: A man seen at the beginning of the film fixing Joyce's dishwasher while she attempts to seduce him.
  • Nick Carter as Neighborhood Extra: An uncredited role.

Production

Development

The genesis of Edward Scissorhands came from a drawing by then teenaged director Tim Burton, which reflected his feelings of isolation and being unable to communicate to people around him in suburban Santa Clarita Valley, California. Burton stated that he was often alone and had trouble retaining friendships. "I get the feeling people just got this urge to want to leave me alone for some reason, I don’t know exactly why". During pre-production of Beetlejuice, Burton hired Caroline Thompson, then a young novelist, to write the Edward Scissorhands screenplay as a spec script. Burton was impressed with her short novel, First Born, which was "about an abortion that came back to life". Burton felt First Born had the same psychological elements he wanted to showcase in Edward Scissorhands.[1] "Every detail was so important to Tim because it was so personal", Thompson remarked.[2] She wrote Scissorhands as a "love poem" to Burton, calling him "the most articulate person I know, but couldn't put a single sentence together".[3]

Shortly after Thompson's hiring, Burton began to develop Edward Scissorhands at Warner Bros., with whom he worked with on Pee-wee's Big Adventure and Beetlejuice. However, within a couple of months, Warners sold the film rights to 20th Century Fox.[4] Fox agreed to finance Thompson's screenplay while giving Burton complete creative control. At the time, the budget was projected to be around $8–9 million.[5] When writing the storyline, Burton and Thompson were influenced by Universal Horror films, such as The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1923), The Phantom of the Opera (1925), Frankenstein (1931), Creature from the Black Lagoon (1954), as well as King Kong (1933) and various fairy tales. Burton originally wanted to make Scissorhands as a musical, feeling "it seemed big and operatic to me" but later dropped the idea.[6] Following the enormous success of Batman, Burton arrived to the status of being an A-list director. He had the opportunity to do any film he wanted, but rather than fast track Warner Bros.' choices for Batman Returns[1] or Beetlejuice Goes Hawaiian, Burton opted to make Edward Scissorhands for Fox.[7]

Casting

Although Winona Ryder was the first cast member attached to the script,[6] Dianne Wiest was the first to sign on. "Dianne, in particular, was wonderful," Burton said. "She was the first actress to read the script, supported it completely and, because she is so respected, once she had given in her stamp of approval, others soon got interested."[8] When it came to cast the lead role of Edward, Fox was persistent to have Burton meet with Tom Cruise. "He certainly wasn't my ideal, but I talked to him," Burton remembered. "He was interesting, but I think it worked out for the best. A lot of questions came up."[8] Cruise wanted the ending to be "happier".[9] Michael Jackson lobbied for the role but Burton wasn't interested.[6] Tom Hanks turned it down in favor of The Bonfire of the Vanities. William Hurt and Robert Downey, Jr. both expressed interest, and were considered.[5][6]

Although Burton was unfamiliar with Johnny Depp's then popular performance in 21 Jump Street, the actor had always been Burton's first choice.[8] At the time of his casting, Depp was wanting to break out of the teen idol status which his performance in 21 Jump Street had afforded him. When he was sent the script, Depp "wept like a newborn" and immediately found personal and emotional connections with the story.[10] In preparation for the role, Depp watched many Charlie Chaplin films to study the idea of creating sympathy without dialogue.[11] Fox studio executives were so worried about Edward's image, that they tried to keep pictures of Depp in full costume under wraps until release of the film.[12] Burton approached Ryder for the role of Kim Boggs based on their positive working experience in Beetlejuice.[8] Drew Barrymore previously auditioned for the role.[13] Crispin Glover auditioned for the role of Jim before Anthony Michael Hall was cast.[5]

Kathy Baker saw her part of Joyce, the neighbor who tries to seduce Edward, as a perfect chance to break into comedy.[6] Alan Arkin says when he first read the script, he was "a bit baffled. Nothing really made sense to me until I saw the sets. Burton's visual imagination is extraordinary."[6] The role of The Inventor was written specifically for Vincent Price, and would ultimately be his final feature film role. Burton commonly watched Price's films as a child, and, after completing Vincent, the two became good friends. Robert Oliveri was cast as Kevin, Kim's obnoxious younger brother.[14]

Filming

File:Scissorssuburbia.jpg
The houses were painted in faded pastel colors, to represent the generic nature of American suburbia with which Edward finds himself at odds

Burbank, California was considered as a possible location for the suburban neighborhoods, but Burton believed the city had become too altered since his childhood.[8] Lutz, Florida and the Southgate Shopping Center of Lakeland were chosen[2] for a three month shooting schedule. The production crew found, in the words of the production designer Bo Welch, "a kind of generic, plain-wrap suburb, which we made even more characterless by painting all the houses in faded pastels, and reducing the window sizes to make it look a little more paranoid."[15] Rick Heinrichs worked as one of the art directors. The key element to unify the look of the neighborhood was Welch's decision to repaint each of the houses in one of four colors. He described them as "sea-foam green, dirty flesh, butter and dirty blue".[16]

The facade of the Gothic mansion was built just outside of Dade City. Filming Edward Scissorhands in the Tampa Bay Area created hundreds of (temporary) jobs and injected over $4 million into the local economy.[17] Production then moved to a Fox Studios sound stage in Century City, California, where interiors of the mansion were filmed.[15]

To create Edward's scissor hands, Burton employed Stan Winston, who would later design Penguin's prosthetic makeup in Batman Returns.[18] Depp's wardrobe and prosthetic makeup took one hour and 45 minutes to apply.[19] The giant hedge sculptures that Edward creates in the film were made by wrapping metal skeletons in chicken wire, then weaving in thousands of small plastic plant sprigs.[20]

Music

Edward Scissorhands is the fourth feature film collaboration between director Tim Burton and composer Danny Elfman. The orchestra consisted of 79 musicians.[21] Elfman cites Scissorhands as epitomizing his most personal and favorite work. In addition to Elfman's music, three Tom Jones songs also appear: "It's Not Unusual", "Delilah" and "With These Hands". "It's Not Unusual" would later be used in Mars Attacks! (1996), another film of Burton's with music composed by Elfman.[22]

Themes

Burton acknowledged that the main themes of Edward Scissorhands deal with self-discovery and isolation. Edward is found living alone in the attic of a Gothic castle, a setting that is also used for main characters in Burton's Batman and The Nightmare Before Christmas. Edward Scissorhands climaxes much like James Whale's Frankenstein and Burton's own Frankenweenie. A mob confronts the "evil creature", in this case, Edward, at his castle. With Edward finally unable to consummate his love for Kim because of his appearance, the film can also be seen as being influenced by Beauty and the Beast. Edward Scissorhands is a fairy tale bookended by a prologue and an epilogue featuring Kim Boggs as an old woman telling her granddaughter the story,[18] augmenting the German Expressionism and Gothic fiction archetypes.[23]

Edward is an unfinished creation of his inventor/father who dies before he can complete the job. He is removed from his lonely existence in a hilltop castle by Avon lady Peg Boggs and finds himself living with her family in a pastel-colored version of suburbia. He becomes the source of fantasy, gossip, resentment, adoration and lust for the neighbors, whom he wins over with his outlandish haircuts and elaborate sculptures.[8] Burton explained that his depiction of suburbia is "not a bad place. It's a weird place. I tried to walk the fine line of making it funny and strange without it being judgmental. It's a place where there's a lot of integrity."[16] Kim leaves her jock boyfriend (Jim) to be with Edward, an event that many have postulated as Burton's revenge against jocks he encountered as a teenager. Jim is subsequently killed, a scene that shocked a number of observers who felt the whole tone of the film had been radically altered. Burton referred to this scene as a "high school fantasy".[18]

Release

Box office

Test screenings for the film were encouraging for 20th Century Fox. Joe Roth, then president of the company, considered marketing Edward Scissorhands on the scale of "an E.T.-sized blockbuster," but Roth decided not to aggressively promote the film in that direction. "We have to let it find its place. We want to be careful not to hype the movie out of the universe," he reasoned.[24] Edward Scissorhands had its limited release in the United States on December 7, 1990. The wide release came on December 14, and the film earned $6,325,249 in its opening weekend in 1,372 theaters. Edward Scissorhands eventually grossed $56,362,352 in North America, and $29,661,653 internationally, coming to a worldwide total of $86.02 million. With a budget of $20 million, the film was declared to be a box office success.[25] The New York Times wrote "the chemistry between Johnny Depp and Winona Ryder, who are both engaged in real life, gave the film teen idol potential, drawing younger audiences."[19]

Critical reception

Professional ratings
Aggregate scores
SourceRating
Metacritic74%
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMovie[26]
Cine Players[27]
Rotten Tomatoes91%
The New York Times(favorable)
Roger Ebert

Edward Scissorhands also went on to receive positive feedback from critics. Based on 53 reviews collected by Rotten Tomatoes, 91% of the reviewers enjoyed the film, with an average score of 7.6/10.[28] By comparison, Metacritic collected an average score of 74/100, based on 19 reviews.[29] Janet Maslin of The New York Times gave a largely positive review, "Burton invests awe-inspiring ingenuity into the process of reinventing something very small," she wrote. "In the case of Edward Scissorhands is a tale of misunderstood gentleness and stifled creativity, of civilization's power to corrupt innocence, of a heedless beauty and a kindhearted beast. The film, if scratched with something much less sharp than Edward's fingers, reveals proudly adolescent lessons for us all."[30]

Desson Thomson of The Washington Post found contemporary homages to The Elephant Man, Brothers Grimm stories and The Ugly Duckling.[31] Peter Travers, writing in Rolling Stone magazine, felt that "Edward Scissorhands isn't perfect. It's something better: pure magic."[32] However, both Roger Ebert and Gene Siskel gave the film a negative review. Ebert stated that "Burton has not yet found the storytelling and character-building strength to go along with his pictorial flair. The ending is so lame it's disheartening. Surely anyone clever enough to dream up Edward Scissorhands should be swift enough to think of a payoff that involves our imagination."[33]

Accolades

Stan Winston and Ve Neill were nominated the Academy Award for Best Makeup, but lost to John Caglione, Jr. for his work on Dick Tracy.[34] Production designer Bo Welch won the BAFTA Award for Best Production Design, while costume designer Colleen Atwood, and Winston and Neil also received nominations at the British Academy Film Awards. In addition, Winston was nominated for his visual effects work.[35] Depp was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy, but lost to Gérard Depardieu of Green Card.[36] Edward Scissorhands was able to win the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation[37] and the Saturn Award for Best Fantasy Film. Danny Elfman, Ryder, Dianne Wiest, Alan Arkin, and Atwood received individual nominations.[38] Elfman was also given a Grammy Award nomination.[7]

Legacy

Burton cites Edward Scissorhands as epitomizing his most personal work.[7] The film is also Burton's first collaboration with actor Johnny Depp and cinematographer Stefan Czapsky. In October 2008, the Hallmark Channel purchased the television rights.[39] Gothic metal band Motionless in White have a song entitled "Scissorshands (The Last Show)" with its lyrics written about the film in homage to its legacy and impact on the gothic subculture.

Stage adaptations

A theatrical adaptation by the British choreographer Matthew Bourne premiered at Sadler's Wells Theatre in London in November 2005. After an 11-week season, the production toured the UK, Asia and the United States.[40]

The British director Richard Crawford directed a stage adaptation of the Tim Burton film, which had its world premiere on June 25, 2010, at The Brooklyn Studio Lab and ended July 3.[41]

[42]

References

  1. ^ a b Mark Salisbury (2006). Burton on Burton. London: Faber and Faber. pp. 84–88. ISBN 0-571-22926-3. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ a b Hanke, p.97-100
  3. ^ Donna Foote; David Ansen (1991-01-21). "The Disembodied Director". Newsweek. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ John Evan Frook (1993-04-13). "Canton Product at Colpix starting gate". Variety. Retrieved 2008-12-04.
  5. ^ a b c Frank Rose (January 1991). "Tim Cuts Up". Premiere. pp. 42–47. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  6. ^ a b c d e f Nina J. Easton (1990-08-12). "For Tim Burton, This One's Personal". Los Angeles Times. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  7. ^ a b c Edwin Page (2007). "Edward Scissorhands". Gothic Fantasy: The Films of Tim Burton. London: Marion Boyars Publishers. pp. 78–94. ISBN 0-7145-3132-4.
  8. ^ a b c d e f Salisbury, Burton, p.89-94
  9. ^ Chris Hewitt (2003-01-02). "Tom Cruise: The alternative universe". Empire. p. 67. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  10. ^ Johnny Depp (2005). "Foreword". Burton on Burton. London: Faber and Faber. pp. ix–xii. ISBN 0-571-22926-3.
  11. ^ "Johnny Depp on his inspiration for Edward Scissorhands". Entertainment Weekly. May 2007. Retrieved 2007-05-22.
  12. ^ Giselle Benater (1990-12-14). "Cutting Edge". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2008-12-06.
  13. ^ Bernard Weinraub (1993-03-07). "The Name Is Barrymore But the Style Is All Drew's". The New York Times. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  14. ^ DVD production notes
  15. ^ a b Laurie Halpern Smith (1990-08-26). "Look, Ma, No Hands, or Tim Burton's Latest Feat". The New York Times. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  16. ^ a b Hanke, p.101-105
  17. ^ Joe Frank (1990-04-17). "Lights Camera Action Big Bucks". St. Petersburg Times. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  18. ^ a b c Salisbury, Burton, p.95-100
  19. ^ a b Collins, Glen (1991-01-10). "Johnny Depp Contemplates Life As, and After, 'Scissorhands'". The New York Times. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  20. ^ Frank, Joe (1990-05-22). "Something's Strange in Suburbia". St. Petersburg Times. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  21. ^ Larry Rohter (1990-12-09). "Batman? Bartman? Darkman? Elfman". The New York Times. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  22. ^ Danny Elfman, DVD audio commentary, 1998, 20th Century Fox
  23. ^ Graham Fuller (December 1990). "Tim Burton and Vincent Price Interview". Interview. pp. 110–113. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  24. ^ Hanke, p.107-116
  25. ^ "Edward Scissorhands". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2008-12-02.
  26. ^ "Review "Edward Scissorhands" on AllMovie".
  27. ^ "Review "Edward Mãos de Tesoura" on Cine Players".
  28. ^ "Edward Scissorhands". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2010-09-03.
  29. ^ "Edward Scissorhands (1990): Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved 2008-12-02.
  30. ^ Janet Maslin (1990-12-07). "And So Handy Around The Garden". The New York Times. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  31. ^ Desson Thomson (1990-12-14). "Edward Scissorhands". The Washington Post. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  32. ^ Peter Travers (2001-02-09). "Edward Scissorhands". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2008-12-04.
  33. ^ Roger Ebert (1990-12-14). "Edward Scissorhands". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 2008-12-04.
  34. ^ Edward Scissorhands. "Edward Scissorhands". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 2008-12-06.
  35. ^ "Edward Scissorhands". British Academy of Film and Television Arts. Retrieved 2008-12-06.
  36. ^ "Edward Scissorhands". Hollywood Foreign Press Association. Retrieved 2008-12-06.
  37. ^ "1991 Hugo Awards". The Hugo Awards. Retrieved 2010-04-23.
  38. ^ "Past Saturn Awards". Saturn Awards.org. Retrieved 2008-05-07.
  39. ^ Daniel Frankel; Mike Flaherty (2008-10-22). "BET, Hallmark pact for pics". Variety. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  40. ^ "The Company". New Adventures. Retrieved October 31, 2010.
  41. ^ "Edward Scissorhands," Tim Burton's Dark Fairy Tale, Tested as a Play in Brooklyn
  42. ^ Nina J. Easton "For Time Burton, This One's Personal" Los Angeles Times (8-12-90)
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