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Mysore district

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This article is about the district. For its eponymous headquarters, see Mysore.
Mysore district
ಮೈಸೂರು ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ
district
Mysore Palace
Mysore Palace
Location in Karnataka, India
Location in Karnataka, India
Country India
StateKarnataka
DivisionMysore division
HeadquartersMysore
TalukasMysore, Tirumakudalu Narasipura, Nanjangud, Heggadadevanakote, Hunsur, Piriyapatna, Krishnarajanagara
Government
 • Deputy CommissionerShikha C, IAS
Area
[1]
 • Total6,854 km2 (2,646 sq mi)
Population
 (2001)[1]
 • Total2,641,027
 • Density390/km2 (1,000/sq mi)
Languages
 • OfficialKannada
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
Vehicle registrationKA-09,KA-45,KA-55
Websitemysore.nic.in

Mysore District is an administrative district located in the southern part of the state of Karnataka, India. The district is bounded by Mandya district to the northeast, Chamrajanagar district to the southeast, Kerala state to the south, Kodagu district to the west, and Hassan district to the north. It features many tourist destinations, from Mysore Palace to Nagarhole National Park. This district has a prominent place in the history of Karnataka; Mysore was ruled by the Wodeyars from the year 1399 till the independence of India in the year 1947. Mysore's prominence can be gauged from the fact that the Karnataka state was known previously as Mysore state.

It is the third most populous district in Karnataka (out of 30), after Bangalore and Belgaum.[2]

Origin of name

Mysore district gets its name from the city of Mysore which is also the headquarters of the district. A statue of Mahishasura, after whom the city is named, and a temple dedicated to Goddess Chamundeshwari on the top of Chamundi Hill near Mysore city, relate to the legend of its origin.

History

Hoysala architecture in Somanathapura temple
Vaidyeshvara Temple (1000 A.D.) at Talakad in Mysore district
Shveta Varaswami temple in the Mysore palace grounds, built by King Chikka Devaraja Wodeyar in the 17th century
Nanjangud Temple at night

The earliest known reference of rulers in Mysore district are the Gangas who during the rule of King Avinitha (469-529 CE), moved the capital from Kolar to Talakad on the banks of the river Kaveri in the Tirumakudalu Narasipura taluk.[3] Talakad remained their regal capital till the end of Ganga rule in the early 11th century. Gangas ruled over a greater part of Mysore district, then known by the name of Gangavadi. In the end of the 8th century, the Rashtrakuta king Dhruva Dharavarsha defeated the Ganga king Shivamara II and wrested Gangavadi from him. Gangavadi came under the governorship of Kambarasa, the son of Dhruva Dharavarsha. Gangas who were overthrown from Gangavadi, had to wait till their king Nitimarga Ereganga (853–869 CE) won a victory against the Rashtrakutas at Rajaramudu. Seeing the increasing might of the Gangas, the Rashtrakuta King Amoghavarsha I gave his daughter Revakanimmadi in marriage to the son of Ereganga, Butuga II who became the ruler of Gangavadi. Gangas ruled over Gangavadi till the Ganga king, Rakkasa Ganga (985–1024 CE) was defeated by the Cholas.[4]

In the year 1117, Vishnuvardhana, the great king of Hoysala dynasty seized Gangavadi and its capital Talakad from the Cholas. To commemorate this achievement, Vishnuvardhana built the Keerthinarayana temple at Talakad.[5] Gangavadi was ruled by the Hoysalas till the death of their last ruler, Veera Ballala III after which Gangavadi became a part of the Vijayanagar Empire. In 1399, Yaduraya established the Wodeyar dynasty at Mysore.[4] It remained as a feudatory to the Vijayanagar Empire owing allegiance to the Vijayanagar kings and the Vijayanagar representative at Srirangapatna, till the fall of the Vijayanagar Empire in 1565 CE. In the vacuum that was created, Raja Wodeyar I (1578–1617) established control and became the first major ruler of the Wodeyar family. He defeated the Vijayanagar representative in a battle at Kesare near Mysore, shifted his capital from Mysore to Srirangapatna in 1610 AD.[6]

The Wodeyars continued to rule over Mysore till the reign of Krishnaraja Wodeyar II (1734–1766), when Hyder Ali Khan and his son Tipu Sultan became the virtual rulers of Mysore.[4] Though there were Wodeyar kings during the rule of Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan, they were mere figureheads. With the death of Tipu Sultan in 1799 under the hands of the British, the Wodeyars were reinstated to the throne of Mysore and the capital was shifted back to Mysore. Prince Krishnaraja Wodeyar III who was just 5 years old was installed on the throne of Mysore in 1799.[4] Wodeyars were the subsidiaries of the British Empire and had to pay annual subsidies. During the rule of Krishnaraja Wodeyar III, the British took the kingdom back from Wodeyars in 1831 under the pretext that the Wodeyar king did not pay the annual subsidy.[7] Commissioners were appointed to rule over the Mysore kingdom. Mark Cubbon (Cubbon Road and Cubbon Park in Bangalore city are named after him) and L. B. Bowring (Bowring Hospital in Bangalore city is named after him) were the prominent British Commissioners who ruled over Mysore. However, the Wodeyar kings raised a plea against this with the British Parliament who gave a ruling favour of the Wodeyars. In 1881, Chamaraja Wodeyar IX (son of Krishnaraja Wodeyar III and Wodeyar king since 1868) was given back the reins of the Mysore kingdom from the British.[7] The Wodeyars continued to rule over the Mysore Kingdom, till the rule of Jayachamaraja Wodeyar who, in the year 1947, merged his kingdom into the new dominion of independent India. He remained as a Maharaja till India became a republic in the year 1950 after which he was anointed as a Raja Pramukh (a constitutional position) as the head of Mysore state till 1956. In 1956, after the reorganisation of Indian states, the Mysore state was born and Jayachamaraja Wodeyar was made as the governor of this state — the position he held until 1964.

Geography

Mysore district is located between latitude 11°45' to 12°40' N and longitude 75°57' to 77°15' E. It is bounded by Mandya district to the northeast, Chamrajanagar district to the southeast, Kerala state to the south, Kodagu district to the west, and Hassan district to the north. It has an area of 6,854 km² (ranked 12th in the state). The administrative center of Mysore District is Mysore City. The district is a part of Mysore division. Prior to 1998, Mysore district also contained the Chamarajanagar district before that area was separated off.

The district lies on the undulating table land of the southern Deccan plateau, within the watershed of the Kaveri River, which flows through the northwestern and eastern parts of the district. The Krishna Raja Sagara reservoir, which was formed by building a dam across the Kaveri, lies on the northern edge of the district. Nagarhole National Park lies partly in Mysore district and partly in adjacent Kodagu District.

Climate

The temperature in the district varies from 15 deg. C in winters to 35 deg. C in summers. Mysore district receives an average rainfall of 785 mm.[8]

Geology

The types of soil found in this district are red soils (red gravelly loam soil, red loam soil, red gravelly clay soil, red clay soil), lateritic soil, deep black soil, saline alluvo-colluvial soil and brown forest soil.[9] Some of the minerals found in this district are kyanite, sillimanite, quartz, magnesite, chromite, soapstone, felsite, corundum, graphite, limestone, dolomite, siliconite and dunite[10]

Economy

Agriculture is the backbone of the economy of this district as it is with the rest of India. Though the agriculture is highly dependent on the rainfall, the rivers Kaveri and Kabini provide the irrigation needs required for agriculture in this district. According to the 2001 census, about 3,25,823 farmers are involved in cultivation in this district. In the year 2001-2002, Mysore district yielded a foodgrain production of 608,596 Tonnes which is a contribution of 6.94% of the total food grain production in the state for the year.[11] Some of the important crops grown here are cotton, grams [disambiguation needed], groundnut, jowar, maize, ragi, rice, sugarcane, sunflower and tur.[12] Horticulture is another area contributing significantly to the economy; especially the palm oil production in H D Kote Taluk.[13]

Industries

Industries in Mysore district are mainly concentrated around the cities of Mysore and Nanjangud. Karnataka Industrial Areas Development Board (KIADB) has established two industrial estates as Mysore and Nanjangud and established six industrial areas in Mysore district to encourage Industrial Development of the district. These are located at Belagola, Belawadi, Hebbal (Electronic City) and Hootagalli of Mysore Industrial estate and the industrial areas Nanjangud and Thandavapura of Nanjangud industrial estate.[14]

The first major industry to be setup in Mysore with the partnership of the Maharaja of Mysore when Mysore was still a industrially backward district in 1960 was the now defunct Ideal Jawa India Ltd Motorcycle factory with technical collaboration with Jawa Motors of Czechoslovakia.

Some of the major industries located near Mysore city are:

  • Vikrant Tyres Ltd. - Manufacturer of tyres
  • Automotive Axles Ltd. - Manufacturer of axles
  • Bharat Earth Movers Ltd. (BEML) - Manufacturer of heavy machinery
  • Karnataka Silk Industries Corporation (KSIC) - Manufacturer of silk garments
  • TVS Ltd. - Manufacturer of motor vehicles and parts (Near Nanjangud, Mysore Taluk)
  • Larsen and Tubro Limited (Manufacturer of medical equipments and Electronic meters)

Some of the major industries located in Nanjangud are:

  • Dunford Fabrics (Closed)
  • VKC Sandals (India) Private Limited
  • Nestle India Ltd
  • Ray Hans Technologies
  • AT&S India Pvt Ltd.
  • TVS Motor Company
  • Bannari Amman Sugars Ltd
  • South India Paper Mills
  • Indus Fila
  • S Kumars Now --> Reid & Taylor
  • Raman Boards
  • REI Electronics
  • Jubilant Life sciences limited
  • Brakes (India)
  • Bacardi RUM, Gemini Distilleries Pvt Ltd
  • Zenith Textiles
  • Kottakal Arya Vaidyasala
  • Supreem Pharmaceuticals Mysore Pvt Ltd.,
  • ITC (Tobacco Processing)
  • United Breweries (Upcoming)

Information technology

Mysore is proving to be the next IT hub in karnataka Karnataka after the phenomenal success of Bangalore. The government of India has recognised Mysore as number one among the 20 Tier II cities of India for the promotion of the IT industry.[15] Currently, all of the IT related industries are concentrated around Mysore city. The Software Technology Park (STP) in Mysore was inaugurated in 1998 by the prime minister of India, Atal Bihari Vajpayee. As of August 2006, there are 42 companies registered with the STP. Software exports from Mysore were expected to double to about Rs. 850 crores in the financial year 2006-07 from previous year's exports of Rs. 400 crores.[15] Some of the major IT companies located here are:

Tourism

Mysore Palace

Tourism is another big industry in Mysore. Its importance as a tourist destination was evident when it was selected as the venue for the Karnataka Tourism Expo in 2006.[16] Though Mysore city is well known as a tourist place, other parts the district are yet to see growth in tourism. However, the tourism department plans to develop other areas like Nanjangud, Bettadapura, Hedathali, Kapadi, Mudukuthore Betta, Mugur and Tirumakudalu Narasipura as tourist places.[17]

Divisions

Mysore district is divided into three subdivisions, Nanjangud, Mysore and Hunsur. The Mysore district administration is headed by the Deputy Commissioner who also has the additional role of a District Magistrate. Assistant Commissioners, Tahsildars, Shirastedars (revenue official at Tahsil level), Revenue inspectors and Village Accountants help the Deputy Commissioner in the administration of the district. Mysore city is the headquarters of the district. It lies on the north eastern part of the district and is well known for its beautiful palaces and also for the festivities that take place during Dasara.

Mysore District is subdivided into seven taluks whose 2001 Census populations are given below:

Mysore district elects 11 members to the Legislative Assembly of the State of Karnataka. The 11 assembly constituencies are:

Mysore district also elects 1 member to the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Indian Parliament. The Mysore Lok Sabha constituency consists of all the Assembly constituencies mentioned above except for Nanjangud, Tirumakudalu Narasipura and Bannur which belong to the Chamarajanagar Lok Sabha constituency.

Demographics

According to the 2011 census Mysore district has a population of 2,994,744,[2] roughly equal to the nation of Armenia[18] or the US state of Mississippi.[19] This gives it a ranking of 125th in India (out of a total of 640).[2] The district has a population density of 437 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,130/sq mi) .[2] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 13.39%.[2] Mysore has a sex ratio of 982 females for every 1000 males,[2] and a literacy rate of 72.56%.[2]

Hindus constitute 87.44% of the population with Muslims making up 8.87% of the population; the remaining part of the population is made up by Christians, Buddhists and other religious groups.[20]

Kannada is the dominant language in this district. Jenu Kuruba, Betta Kuruba, Paniya and Panjari Yerevas and Soligas are some of the ethnic groups found in Mysore district.[21]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b "Know India- Karnataka". Government of India. Retrieved 7 January 2011.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g "District Census 2011". Census2011.co.in. 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
  3. ^ Kamath (2001), p 40
  4. ^ a b c d The History of the Gangas is discussed by Arthikaje. "History of Karnataka: Gangas of Talakad". Webpage of OurKarnataka.com. 1998-00 OurKarnataka.Com,Inc. Retrieved 30 March 2007. Cite error: The named reference "hist" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  5. ^ The history of Talakad has been presented by Latha Senali. "Temple Tales". Online Edition of Deccan Herald, dated 2003-11-28. 1999, The Printers (Mysore) Private Ltd. Archived from the original on 11 March 2007. Retrieved 29 March 2007.
  6. ^ A history of the Wodeyar kings of Mysore is presented by Correspondent. "Kings of Mysore, royal family, heritage". Mysore Samachar, Online Edition. MysoreSamachar.com. Retrieved 30 March 2007. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  7. ^ a b A brief description of the British Raj's rule at Mysore is described by Janardhan Roye. "From Tipu to the Raj Bhavan". Online Edition of the Deccan Herald, dated 2005-07-18. 2005, The Printers (Mysore) Private Ltd. Retrieved 30 March 2007. [dead link‍]
  8. ^ Average Rainfall in the districts of Karnataka are specified by National Informatics Centre. "Rainfall". Webpage of the Agriculture Department. Govt. of Karnataka. Retrieved 3 April 2007.
  9. ^ Types of soil found in Karnataka are described by National Informatics Centre. "Traditional Soil Groups of Karnataka and their Geographic Distribution". Webpage of the Agriculture Department. Govt. of Karnataka.
  10. ^ List of Mining Leases given out by the State of Karnataka is mentioned by National Informatics Centre. "Mining Leases". Webpage of the Department of Mines and Geology. Government of Karnataka. Retrieved 31 March 2007.
  11. ^ Statistics related to Agriculture are presented by National Informatics Centre. "Agricultural Statistics". Webpage of the Agriculture Department. Govt. of Karnataka. Retrieved 3 April 2007.
  12. ^ Statistics related to cultivation of various crops in Karnataka are presented by National Informatics Centre. "Agricultural Statistics". Webpage of the Department of Economics and Statistics. Government of Karnataka. Retrieved 31 March 2007.
  13. ^ Palm Oil production in Mysore district is discussed by National Informatics Centre. "Annual Report 2005-06" (PDF). Webpage of the Horticultural Department. Govt. of Karnataka. Retrieved 3 April 2007.
  14. ^ Industrial Areas developed by KIADB in Mysore district are mentioned in the webpage: KIADB Industrial Areas
  15. ^ a b Mysore is the number one among Tier II cities for the promotion of IT industry is discussed by Staff Correspondent (20 August 2006). "Software exports from Mysore to cross Rs. 850 cr. this year". Online Edition of The Hindu, dated 2006-08-20. Chennai, India: 2006, The Hindu. Retrieved 1 April 2007. {{cite news}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  16. ^ Tourism Expo in Mysore is described by Staff Correspondent (15 May 2006). "Karnataka Tourism Expo 2006 begins in Mysore today". Online Edition of The Hindu, dated 2006-05-15. Chennai, India: 2006, The Hindu. Retrieved 1 April 2007. {{cite news}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  17. ^ Plans to grow other areas in Mysore district as tourist places is discussed by Shankar Bennur. "A tryst with the wild". Online Edition of The Deccan Herald, dated 2006-03-28. 2005, The Printers (Mysore) Private Ltd. Retrieved 1 April 2007. [dead link‍]
  18. ^ US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Retrieved 1 October 2011. Armenia 2,967,975 July 2011 est. {{cite web}}: line feed character in |quote= at position 8 (help)
  19. ^ "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 30 September 2011. Mississippi 2,967,297 {{cite web}}: line feed character in |quote= at position 12 (help)
  20. ^ Data related to the 2001 Census; classified according to religion is provided in detail in the website of the Census department of India in this webpage
  21. ^ A detailed report on the tribes found in the Nagarhole National Park is presented by The Inspection Panel. "Report and Recommendation on Request for Inspection, India Ecodevelopment Project, Rajiv Gandhi (Nagarhole) National Park" (PDF). World Bank Internet Resource. The World Bank. Retrieved 3 April 2007.

References

Dr. Suryanath U. Kamat, A Concise history of Karnataka from pre-historic times to the present, Jupiter books, MCC, Bangalore, 2001 (Reprinted 2002) OCLC: 779604

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