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Germanwings Flight 9525

Coordinates: 44°16′53″N 6°26′23″E / 44.2814°N 6.4398°E / 44.2814; 6.4398
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Germanwings Flight 9525
D-AIPX, the aircraft involved in the incident, pictured in May 2014
Accident
Date24 March 2015 (2015-03-24)
SummaryUnder investigation
SitePrads-Haute-Bléone, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, France
44°16′53″N 6°26′23″E / 44.2814°N 6.4398°E / 44.2814; 6.4398[1]
Aircraft
Aircraft typeAirbus A320-200
OperatorGermanwings
RegistrationD-AIPX
Flight originBarcelona–El Prat Airport, Spain
DestinationDüsseldorf Airport, Germany
Passengers144[2]
Crew6[2][3]
Fatalities150 (all)[4]
Survivors0

Germanwings Flight 9525 (4U9525/GWI18G)[5][a] was a scheduled international passenger flight, flying from Barcelona, Spain, to Düsseldorf, Germany, operated by the Lufthansa-owned low-cost airline Germanwings. On 24 March 2015, the co-pilot of the Airbus A320-200 jetliner deliberately crashed the plane 100 kilometres (62 mi) northwest of Nice, in the French Alps, after a constant descent that began one minute after the last routine contact with air traffic control and shortly after the plane had reached its assigned cruise altitude. All 144 passengers and six crew members were killed.

Crash

Flight path

Flight 9525 took off from Runway 07R at Barcelona–El Prat Airport at 10:01:12 CET (09:01.12 UTC) and was due to arrive at Düsseldorf Airport by 11:39 CET (10:39 UTC).[2][6] The flight's scheduled departure time was 09:35 CET (08:35 UTC).[7]

The Directorate General for Civil Aviation (DGAC), the French civil aviation authority, declared the aircraft in distress after the aircraft's descent and loss of radio contact.[8][9] The aircraft reached a cruising speed of 430 kn (800 km/h; 490 mph) and flight level 380 (approx. 38,000 ft [12,000 m]) at 10:27 CET. Three minutes later, the aircraft speed increased, reaching 515 kn (954 km/h; 593 mph) after 20 seconds.[10]

According to the Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses pour la Sécurité de l'Aviation Civile (BEA), at 10:30 CET, pilots confirmed instructions from French air traffic control. At 10:31.02 CET, after crossing the French coast near Toulon, the aircraft made a slight course correction, left its assigned cruising altitude and without approval began a rapid straight-line descent. Radar observed an average descent rate of approximately 17.8 metres per second (3,500 feet per minute). Attempts by French air traffic control to contact the flight on the assigned radio frequency radio link were not answered.[11] Marseille prosecutor Brice Robin says that contact from the Marseille air traffic control tower is audible on the cockpit voice recorder multiple times.[12] A French military Mirage jet was scrambled from the Orange air base[13] to intercept the plane.[14] The reason for the descent is unknown. The aircraft speed decreased near end of descent, reducing from 480 to 378 kn (889 to 700 km/h; 552 to 435 mph).The descent from 38,000 feet over about 10 minutes was alarming but still gradual (varies 2500–5000 ft/min) enough to indicate that the twin-engine Airbus A320 had not been damaged catastrophically during flight.[15] The aircraft crashed within the territory of the remote commune of Prads-Haute-Bléone, 100 kilometres (62 mi) north-west of Nice.[16][17][18][19] Radar contact was lost at 10:40.47 CET; at the time, the aircraft was flying at an altitude of 6,175 ft (1,882 m).[20][21]

Altitude chart (m)[22]

Flightradar24 recorded its last update at 09:40:36; the plane's location was 44°14′02″N 6°24′25″E / 44.234°N 6.407°E / 44.234; 6.407, altitude 6800 feet, ground speed 378 vertical speed -3520.[21]

During the descent, the pilots did not respond to questions from air traffic control, and did not transmit any distress call. Authorities have not determined why the plane descended without authorization. Authorities have not released official information about audio recordings, but a New York Times newspaper report suggested that cockpit audio indicated that one of the pilots left the cockpit before the start of the descent and found the door locked when he returned. According to this story the pilot tried to break down the door, with no response from the other pilot.[23][24] Christoph Kumpa, a prosecutor in Dusseldorf, has stated that "one was in the cockpit and the other wasn't."[25] Reuters reports that German aviation law permits pilots to leave the cockpit while the aircraft is cruising, and that pilots can open the cockpit door with a code, which can be disabled from the cockpit controls.[26]

The crash is the deadliest air disaster in France since the crash of Inex-Adria Aviopromet Flight 1308 in 1981, in which 180 people died, and the third-deadliest in French history behind Flight 1308 and Turkish Airlines Flight 981.[27] This was the first major crash of a civil airliner in France since the Air France Flight 4590 Concorde crash near Paris in 2000.[28] The crash is also the first loss of a Lufthansa-owned airliner during the cruising phase of flight.[29]

Crash site

The crash site is within the Massif des Trois-Évêchés, and is close to Mount Cimet, where Air France Flight 178 crashed in 1953.[30][31]

Police and Sécurité Civile sent helicopters to locate the wreckage.[32][33] A picture from the accident site was released, with the report that the aircraft had disintegrated, the largest piece of wreckage being "the size of a car".[34] A helicopter landed near the site of the crash and confirmed that there were no survivors.[35] The search and rescue team reported that the debris field is two square kilometres (500 acres) in size.[18] The plane appears not to have deviated from its heading during the descent.[36]

The DGAC has set up temporary flight restrictions in the area surrounding the crash site.[37] The prohibited area was first set on 24 March at 11:47 GMT (12:47 CET); a circle of 3 nautical miles (5.6 km) radius centred at 44°16′50″N 6°26′25″E / 44.28056°N 6.44028°E / 44.28056; 6.44028 from FL000 up to FL140.[38] At 13:38 GMT (14:38 CET), a second larger area was added to cover a radius of 10 nautical miles (19 km; 12 mi) centred at 44°16′48″N 6°26′24″E / 44.28000°N 6.44000°E / 44.28000; 6.44000 from FL000 to FL100.[39] Entry into the airspace is forbidden, except for state flights or for rescue missions.[40] Rescue efforts were suspended overnight by the French authorities to ensure the safety of the rescuers.[41]

Aircraft

The aircraft involved was a 24-year-old Airbus A320-211,[b] serial number 147, registered as D-AIPX. It first flew on 29 November 1990,[42] and was delivered to Lufthansa on 5 February 1991. It served with Germanwings for the first time in 2003. It was returned to Lufthansa in 2004 and was re-transferred to the relaunched Germanwings on 31 January 2014.[43] The aircraft had accumulated about 58,300 flight hours on 46,700 flights.[44] The original Design Service Goal (DSG) of the aircraft was 60,000 hours or 48,000 flights. In 2012, an optional Extended Service Goal (ESG1) was approved, extending the service life to 120,000 hours or 60,000 flights, provided that a required package of service and inspections was performed before the DSG was reached.[45]

Passengers and crew

People on board by nationality[46]
Nationality No.
 Germany 70[47]
 Spain 51[48]
 Argentina 3[49]
 Kazakhstan 3[50]
 United Kingdom 3[51]
 United States 3[52]
 Australia 2[53]
 Bosnia[c] 2[54]
 Colombia 2[55]
 Iran 2[56]
 Mexico 2[57]
 Morocco 2[58]
 Venezuela 2[59]
 Belgium 1[60]
 Chile 1[61]
 Denmark 1[62]
 Israel 1[63]
 Netherlands 1[64]
 Poland[d] 1[65]
 Turkey 1[66]
Total number of victims 150
Number of victims with dual citizenships 4

There were 144 passengers and six crew members on board, most of them German and Spanish nationals[46] but from at least 18 nations in total. The count may be confused due to dual citizenship.[67] Amongst them were 16 schoolchildren and two teachers from the Joseph-König-Gymnasium of Haltern am See, North Rhine-Westphalia. They were on their way home from a student exchange with the Giola Institute in Llinars del Vallès, Barcelona.[68] Haltern's mayor, [[{{{1}}}]] [], has described it as "the darkest day in the history of our city."[69]

German media has identified the pilot as Patrick S.[70] Germanwings announced that the captain had 10 years of flying experience (6000 flight hours)[16] with Germanwings and Lufthansa flying A320s.[71] The co-pilot was named as Andreas Lubitz.[70][72]

The Deutsche Oper am Rhein confirmed that bass-baritone Oleg Bryzhak was among the passengers,[73] as was German contralto Maria Radner.[74] Members of the Swedish football team Dalkurd FF were booked to be on the flight but changed at the last moment.[53]

Investigation

The French national civil aviation enquiries bureau, Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses pour la Sécurité de l'Aviation Civile (BEA), has opened an investigation into the crash, joined by its German counterpart, the Federal Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Investigation (BFU). On 24 March, the BEA sent seven investigators to the crash site, accompanied by representatives from Airbus and CFM International. The BEA will hold a press conference on 25 March from 16:00 to 16:45 UTC.[75][76]

The cockpit voice recorder (CVR) was recovered by rescue workers and is being examined by the investigation team.[77][78] The recorder was damaged in the crash, but was said to be still in a "usable" condition.[36] The BEA released photos of the CVR[79] and was able to extract a voice recording.[80] The outer casing of the missing flight data recorder was found the next day, but was severely damaged and missing its memory module.[81][82]

On 25 March, The New York Times reported from a source on the investigation team that the cockpit voice recording revealed that one of the pilots had been locked out of the cockpit and had been trying to break down the door. He started by knocking lightly and then, getting no response, began hitting the door harder. He also reportedly tried to break the door down, to no avail.[23][83][84]

On 26 March, Marseille prosecutor Brice Robin said it appeared that co-pilot Lubitz crashed the jet deliberately as there are sounds of banging on the cockpit door in the black box recordings.[85] [86]

Response

French Minister of the Interior Bernard Cazeneuve remarked that due to the "violence of the impact" there was "little hope" that any survivors would be found.[87] Prime Minister Manuel Valls said he had dispatched Interior Minister Cazeneuve to the scene and set-up a ministerial crisis cell to co-ordinate the response to the incident.[88]

King Philip VI of Spain, in Paris for a state visit to France at the time of the crash, announced his decision to cut his visit short and return to Spain.[46]

German Chancellor Angela Merkel announced that she would travel to the crash site on 25 March together with Minister-President of North Rhine-Westphalia Hannelore Kraft.[89][90] Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier flew over the crash site on 24 March, describing it as "a picture of horror".[88]

Merkel, French Prime Minister Valls, and Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy visited the recovery operations base at Seyne-les-Alpes on 25 March.[91]

Lufthansa Chief Executive Carsten Spohr visited the crash location on 25 March and afterwards said that this is "the darkest day for Lufthansa in its 60-year history".[92]

Germanwings reported occasional flight disruptions on 24–25 March within its route network some flights had to be cancelled.[93]

On 25 March, Germanwings retired the flight number 4U9525, changing it to 4U9441. The outbound flight number was also changed, from 4U9524 to 4U9440. The flight numbers for the later Düsseldorf to Barcelona flight were unchanged.[94]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Abbreviated forms of the flight name combine the airline's IATA airline code (4U) or ICAO airline code (GWI) with the flight number.
  2. ^ The aircraft was an Airbus A320-200 model; the 11 specifies it was fitted with CFM International CFM56-5A1 engines.
  3. ^ A couple originally from Bosnia but working in Germany, traveling on German passports.
  4. ^ An infant with multiple citizenships, not traveling on the Polish passport.

References

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