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Therese Johaug

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Therese Johaug
Johaug in 2013
Born (1988-06-25) 25 June 1988 (age 36)
Os, Hedmark, Norway
Height162 cm (5 ft 4 in)[1]
Ski clubIL Nansen
World Cup career
Seasons2007–
Indiv. podiums100
Indiv. wins42
Discipline titles2 – (2013-14, 2015-16)
Medal record
Women's cross-country skiing
Representing  Norway
International nordic ski competitions
Event 1st 2nd 3rd
Olympic Games 1 1 1
World Championships 7 1 3
Junior World Championships 2 0 1
Total 10 2 5
Olympic Games
Gold medal – first place 2010 Vancouver 4x5 km relay
Silver medal – second place 2014 Sochi 30 km freestyle
Bronze medal – third place 2014 Sochi 10 km classical
World Championships
Gold medal – first place 2011 Oslo 4 x 5 km relay
Gold medal – first place 2011 Oslo 30 km freestyle
Gold medal – first place 2013 Val di Fiemme 10 km freestyle
Gold medal – first place 2013 Val di Fiemme 4 x 5 km relay
Gold medal – first place 2015 Falun 15 km pursuit
Gold medal – first place 2015 Falun 30 km classical
Gold medal – first place 2015 Falun 4 × 5 km
Silver medal – second place 2013 Val di Fiemme 15 km pursuit
Bronze medal – third place 2007 Sapporo 30 km classic
Bronze medal – third place 2011 Oslo 15 km pursuit
Bronze medal – third place 2013 Val di Fiemme 30 km classical
Junior World Championships
Gold medal – first place 2008 Malles 5 km classical
Gold medal – first place 2008 Malles 10 km mass start
Bronze medal – third place 2007 Tarvisio pursuit

Therese Johaug (born 25 June 1988) is a Norwegian cross-country skier who has competed for the clubs Tynset IF and IL Nansen.[2] In world championships she has won four individual gold medals along with three gold medals in relays and she is a three-time Olympic medallist.

In 2016 she tested positive for a substance that is on WADA's list over prohibited substances - clostebol. In November Anti-Doping Norway is expected to make its recommendation - to levy sanctions or to drop the case - to governing bodies.[3][4][5][6] Until then she will be suspended; her current suspension will not surpass 18 December 2016.[7] Johaug maintains that a then physician of the national ski team, is responsible for the handing over to her, of an inappropriate pharmaceutical drug.

Athletic career

After skiing some domestic races in the 2006 season, Johaug took part at the Norwegian Championships in 2007, winning a bronze at the 7.5 km + 7.5 km double pursuit event.[8] She was selected for two World Cup races prior to the World Championships, finishing eighth and 33rd in two interval start races over 10 km, which was enough to be selected for competition in the 30 km distance at the 2007 Sapporo World Championships where she won a surprising bronze medal.

At the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, she won gold in the 4 x 5 km relay, came sixth in the 15 km pursuit and seventh in the 30 km mass start (classic) race.

Johaug won her first individual gold medal in the 30 km mass start race at the 2011 World Championships in Oslo. She also won gold in the 4 x 5 km relay, bronze in the 7.5 km + 7.5 km double pursuit and fourth in the 10 km individual start. At the 2013 World Championships she won her second individual gold medal in the 10 km freestyle race.

At the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, she won the silver medal in the 30 km mass start (free) and the bronze medal in the 10 km classical, she also finished fourth in the 15 km skiathlon.

Johaug and compatriot Martin Johnsrud Sundby became the first Norwegians to win the Tour de Ski when they won the women's and men's competitions in the 2013-14 edition of the race.[9] Johaug subsequently won the overall and distance competitions in the 2013–14 FIS Cross-Country World Cup.[10]

She won the Birkebeinerrennet ski marathon in 2015 with a time of 2.41.46. That year she also enjoyed her most successful World Championship performance in Falun, where she took three gold medals: two in individual events (the 15km skiathlon and the 30km classic mass start) and one as part of the Norwegian women's team in the 4x5km relay.[11][12][13]

Johaug followed her World Championship success with her best ever World Cup season in 2015-16, winning a second Tour de Ski by overturning a 39-second deficit to Ingvild Flugstad Østberg on the final stage to complete the climb up Alpe Cermis with a lead of 2 minutes 21 seconds over runner-up Østberg.[14] She went on to capture the overall and distance World Cups, rounding off her season by winning the inaugural Ski Tour Canada in a similar fashion to her Tour de Ski win, eradicating Heidi Weng's 30 second lead on the final stage pursuit to take victory by over a minute.[15]

Until 2016 Egil Kristiansen coached Johaug, and was described (by media) as "in reality her best coach ... [and he had] helped her master freestyle" skiing.[16]

Doping controversy

Use of asthma medication without diagnosis of asthma

In 2016 Johaug conceded she has used asthma medication she has got from the team's doctor against respiratory infections despite not having asthma.[17][18] Such use of asthma medicine, though not illegal up to certain limits, has been termed doping by sports officials of other countries;[19] asthma expert Lars Larsson finds such practices, unethical.[20][21]

On 21 October 2016 Norwegian Ski Federation (NSF) held its autumn meeting; NSF revealed that the mandate of its fact-finding commission, had been extended to include the "Johaug period"; the commission was originally mandated to investigate the medicating of Norwegian skiers from 1 January 2012 until 30 August 2016.[22][23] The fact-finders include Kjell Larsson, Lars Pedersen and Katja Mjøsund.[24]

Testing positive for controlled substance, clostebol

On 10 May 2016 Johaug was tested, and the results were okay. The test was followed by a 129-day pause (in regard to testing); Doping lawyer Olli Rauste said the long pause raised questions, whether a test-free period had been deliberately arranged for Johaug;[25] a different source said the pause was long,[26] while in contrast anti-doping expert Åke Andrén-Sandberg found the length of the pause unremarkable.[27]

On 16 September 2016, a urine sample was gathered from Johaug, out of competition; two tests were performed on the sample, and both tests showed clostebol levels outside the WADA-approved range,[28][29][30] often referred to as testing positive.

She was informed on 4 October, about testing positive for clostebol.[31]

On 13 October 2016 the NSF held a press conference, with Johaug and the national team's physician, to announce that Johaug had tested postitive for clostebol,[32][33][34] allegedly after using the topical cream[35] Trofodermin, even though, as required by Italian law, the packaging has a warning sign that shows it contains a substance classified as doping.[36] The pharmaceutical drug had allegedly been bought at a local pharmacy - that only[37] sells medicine that does not require prescriptions - by the Norwegian national team's doctor, Fredrik S. Bendiksen, to cure her lip that got sore (possibly due to herpes labialis[38]) after sunburn during a high altitude training stay in Livigno, Italy. Allegedly, on 3 September Johaug started using one pharmaceutical drug provided (that day) by the team physician. On 4 September, the team physician handed over to Johaug another pharmaceutical drug - Trofodermin, and he told her it did not contain any forbidden substances, according to the former team physician and Johaug.[39] Allegedly the drug was used during 4—15 September.[40] Johaug left the press conference, before questions were fielded (from atendees).[41] The team physician resigned his job, during the press conference, citing responsibility.[42] However, every athlete is personally responsible for one's own use of a controlled substance,[43] according to the WADA code. That physician has not commented the case since.[41]

The 129-day pause (in regard to testing) makes it difficult to rule out the possibility that the banned substance (found during testing) could stem from an older injection of anabolic steroids rather than recently applied lip cream.[44]

After press conference of 13 October

On 15 October TV2 obtained from the pharmacy, a copy of the receipt for the only sale of the medication (Trofodermin) that was sold there in the period 28 August to 4 September; in likelihood it was a cash transaction.[45]

On 17 October, Johaug's lawyer informed TV2 that Johaug was handed the entire packaging of the medication (together with the medication) from the team physician.[46]

Media has asked Anti-Doping Norway (thru Halvor Byfuglien) what amount of controlled substance has been detected; none of the parties wish to reveal such, according to media on 24 October.[47] Johaug would have to waive client privilege for that specific information to be released to entities that are not already privy.

In regard to the press conference (of October 13), Aftenposten asked: The national team's physician [allegedly] "first received one phone call about Johaug's problem regarding a cold sore. Another [call] a day later. Likely even another one, another day later. Still ... [the physician], known as the pedant, did not bring ... safe and known [medication] from Norway. Why? ... [The physician] knew very well that Johaug often suffered from cold sores. He was an experienced and respected sports physician with extensive knowledge of his athletes. The support team for the world's best ski team does everything [possible] so that athletes shall concentrate on two things - to train as best possible - and to rest as much as possible. All the assistents are drilled to aid in improving conditions and situations. The physician knew that Johaug's cold sores had a tendency to rebound. Still he neither sent her a legal salve for the trip [to Italy], or brought such a salve ... there. Why not? ... Already 28 August the physician was informed about how Johaug was suffering with her lips. On the morning of 2 September he saw the sufferings with his own eyes. Still another 24 hours passed before he bought medication for her. Why did so much time pass? ... [In Italy the physician] can not obtain Terra-Cotril, which he is familiar with, but instead he obtains Keratoplastika and Trofodermin, which are unfamiliar to him. Already here there is reason to think that he should become curious and take a closer look at what these salves contain. Why doesn't he? ... Checking out a new, unknown drug should be as rehearsed by a sports physician, as for a high school student to start off a sentence with capital letters. Why didn't he check? And: Why did he not see the doping warning? ... [The question that Johaug allegedly asked, isn't it] the reminder needed, for a physician who has forgotten/ does not know/ is unconcentrated: This I must check? ... Did Johaug check the Trofodermin package as accurately as she described two weeks ... [prior to the press conference, about how she allegedly always checks medication]? ... [In regard to what Johaug's lawyer told media on 17 October:] Why was this not revealed at the press conference (on 13 October)? Why did Johaug throw the packaging? If there was a doping warning-sign on the packaging, how could she avoid seeing it?"[41]

"Aftenposten knows that even persons who are close to the physician, have said that something was odd about his explanation [at the press conference]", according to an article in said newspaper.[48]

On 19 October media cited Vidar Løfshus, chief of the national team, saying that Johaug allegedly "used the drug for 11 or 12 days, as opposed to five to ten days as recommended" by then team physician (Bendiksen); As to why Johaug did not bring [to Italy] the [prescription-] pharmaceuticul drug that she clearly needs for great parts of the year, the chief said "Sometimes we forget the toothpaste - and" lip balm.[49]

Trofodermin is a registered pharmaceutical drug in Italy and Brazil, but not in Norway. It is produced by Pfizer, outside Norway. The drug is not part of regular inventory in Norwegian pharmacies. National team physician Bendiksen had worked for Pfizer in Norway for 8 years.

Suspension resulting from preliminary investigation

On 18 October 2016, Johaug was suspended for two months, after Anti-Doping Norway (ADNO) concluded their preliminary investigation.[50] On 19 October 2016, ADNO issued a press release that Johaug is "suspended until 18 December 2016, or time of sentence if sooner", on the assessment that she could not be said to have acted without fault. The suspension forbids participation in competition and organized training. ADNO also decided that a case can be opened against the team doctor Fredrik Bendiksen for possible violation of the doping code.[51]

In regard to the possibility of Johaug [being prompted to] turning in her share of "a lot of equipment belonging to" NSF and held in the custody of [various] members the national team, the team's chief (Erik Røste) said on 19 October, that it is not up to him "or the board of directors to gather equipment. It's a matter I have not considered".[52]

Media said that she will be allowed to re-join training sessions of the national team from 4 December, for the last quarter of her current suspension.[53]

Reactions

On 13 October 2016 Åke Andrén-Sandberg said about Johaug's explanation that "It is an unlikely explanation, but not impossible".[54][55]

On 13 October 2016 Justyna Kowalczyk tweeted a picture of packaging of the controlled substance, including warning sign.[56] On 14 October Sarah Lewis said to media that Johaug already should have been suspended for her link to the controlled substance.[57] Magnus Ericsson, chief of the Swedish doping laboratory finds it likely that Johaug will be suspended for two years.[58] Kamil Wolnicki, a Polish sports commentator, wrote in Przeglad Sportowy that the credibility of Norwegian skiing has taken a beating, and that "No matter how many tears she cried during the press conference, she must be punished according to regulations. No matter how sad this is for Norwegians".[59]

On 13 October Aleris announced their cancelling of sponsorship of NSF; claimedly Johaug's same day announcement had "nothing to do" with Aleris' decision; the company explained their decision also by referring to "the doping rules for sports" and a doping conviction from the previous July.[60]

On 16 October media said that Peter Fiers, her first international sponsor, had sent an sms to Johaug saying that he wanted to become a sponsor again; Johaug is still pictured on the home page of airline Common Sky (formerly MAP Jet).[61]

In a 17 October Dagens Nyheter article, Jens Littorin said that "Johaug's defence tactic is cracking".[62][63]

On 17 October media cited Harri Syväsalmi (fi) former director of WADA, criticizing that Johaug, at that point, had not already been suspended, adding "Imagine if world championships or the Olympics were tomorrow. What would they then have done"?[64]

On 19 October 2016 retailer Lidl Suomi advertised and offered "free lip balm for customers who purchase Norwegian smoked salmon, in a far-from-subtle jab at ... [Johaug's] positive doping result".[65][66][67]

On 19 October media said that sporting goods retailer XXL decided to remove from its inventory related to Finland, all items of the brand "Johaug"; the company's vice director in Finland said that the company does not want to be associated with the skier after the scandal.[68][69]

On 20 October media cited Gerhard Urain at Fischer (company), one of Johaug's sponsors, saying that if an athlete has a [sponsor] contract with Fischer, and is convicted [in regard to doping], then the contract will be terminated immediately; Johaug stands to lose millions of Norwegian kroner per year from Fischer, if she is convicted.[70]

On 20 October Italian doctor Peter Ploner cast doubt on the credibility of Johaug's explanation. Ploner said he had never heard of anyone using Trofodermin on sun-burnt lips and the medication cannot be used on lips, and further he said that "One should not apply clostebol on the thin skin of lips".[71]

Hasse Svens (journalist and maker of documentaries - for SVT - on doping) said on tv-program Opinion live (sw) on 20 October that he does not believe in Johaug's tears at press conference, adding "She has come up with so many explanations. First she said that she knew nothing and had not seen anything, then suddenly she had seen the packaging [of the medication]. I don't think it's suffices. And [neither does it suffice] that an experienced physician with more than 30 years experience is able to avoid seeing the warning" on the packaging of the medication.[72]

On 21 October media cited Gian Franco Kasper, chief of FIS, saying that he has not seen the evidence, and the matter "will have to be decided by medical experts, but I have my doubts". He received the news about the result of Johaug's doping test while holding a speech about doping in a room full of journalists; a member of the audience informed him; Kasper was "not very happy about how" he was informed.[73]

On 21 October media cited Aino-Kaisa Saarinen: "It is a strange story. I am wondering if Johaug is telling the truth".[74]

On 21 October, Thomas Pettersson (sportswriter for Expressen[75]) said that "For every passing day, for every new speculation, for each new unexplained oddity - a piece of Johaug's credibility disappears. (...) Come out of your hiding place, Johaug. (...) I have no idea what kind of a genius has arranged the media strategy around Johaug-gate, but I can say that I am not exactly impressed".[76]

On 21 October, media said that Joakim Abrahamsson, a former co-chief of Swedish national team, said that if "someone from Russia, a country that had great problems with doping, the opinions would be different". He added that "Then automatically there would be a ban from two to four years. But now we [are] only [going to say] that this 'is a mistake, of course she should be competing'". Media added that without changes, "he is afraid that soon many will happen to have salve [or pharmaceutical cream] on their lips".[77]

On 21 October media said that cyclist Stefano Agostini claimed to have used the same pharmaceutical cream as Johaug; the clostebol amount found in his urine got him a 15-month ban that ended in 2014.[78]

On 22 October media cited Reijo Jylhä (fi), a former chief of Finland's national team: "I know very well how things are being felt [now] in Norway. To me it looks like they are making the same mistake that we made after the Lahti Scandal. They are not forthcoming with the entire truth". When asked about what advice he has for Norway and the ski federation, he said: "I think it's too late. When the first case comes - the case regarding Sundby - and disclosures replace disclosures, then the damage is done. One cannot compare the cases of Sundby and Johaug. But when things go wrong, things often turn out the way they are doing in Norway".[79]

On 23 October media said that Markus Cramer (Russia's coach - a German that formerly headed Swiss- and German national teams) "describes the case about the Johaug-drug (the salve, Trofodermin) and the verdict that convicted Martin Johnsrud Sundby of doping ... [with a legal drug], as bombs. In Cramer's view, the credibility of the sport of skiing is being seriously challenged in relation to the general public".[80]

On 24 October media quoted Toini Gustafsson Rönnlund, former Swedish champion: "I have a feeling [about the much talked about medication for Johaug's lip,] that she bought it herself", but that is only her own opinion.[81]

World Cup results

Season titles

  • 4 titles – (2 overall, 2 distance)
Season Discipline
2013–14 Overall
Distance
2015–16 Overall
Distance

Season standings

 Season  Age Overall Distance Sprint Tour de Ski
2006–07 18 44 23 – –
2007–08 19 18 15 47 14
2008–09 20 8 7 89 6
2009–10 21 17 14 61 –
2010–11 22 4 3 70 2
2011–12 23 3 3 38 3
2012–13 24 2 2 39 2
2013–14 25 1 1 32 1
2014–15 26 2 2 39 2
2015–16 27 1 1 16 1

Individual victories

  • 42 victories – (20 WC, 22 SWC)
No. Season Date Location Discipline Level
1 2008–09 4 January 2009 Italy Val di Fiemme, Italy 9 km F Pursuit Final Climb Stage World Cup
2 2010–11 28 November 2010 Finland Kuusamo, Finland 10 km F Pursuit Stage World Cup
3 9 January 2011 Italy Val di Fiemme, Italy 9 km F Pursuit Final Climb Stage World Cup
4 12 March 2011 Finland Lahti, Finland 10 km M Pursuit World Cup
5 2011–12 27 November 2011 Finland Kuusamo, Finland 10 km F Pursuit Stage World Cup
6 8 January 2012 Italy Val di Fiemme, Italy 9 km F Pursuit Final Climb Stage World Cup
7 5 February 2012 Russia Rybinsk, Russia 7.5+7.5 km C/F Skiathlon World Cup
8 3 March 2012 Finland Lahti, Finland 7.5+7.5 km C/F Skiathlon World Cup
9 18 March 2012 Sweden Falun, Sweden 10 km F Pursuit Stage World Cup
10 2012–13 6 January 2013 Italy Val di Fiemme, Italy 9 km F Pursuit Final Climb Stage World Cup
11 17 February 2013  Switzerland  Davos, Switzerland 10 km F Pursuit World Cup
12 17 March 2013 Norway Oslo, Norway 30 km F Mass Start World Cup
13 24 March 2013 Sweden Falun, Sweden 10 km F Pursuit Stage World Cup
14 2013–14 4 January 2014 Italy Val di Fiemme, Italy 5 km C Individual Stage World Cup
15 5 January 2014 Italy Val di Fiemme, Italy 9 km F Pursuit Final Climb Stage World Cup
16 28 December 2013 -
5 January 2014		 Germany Switzerland Italy Tour de Ski Overall World Cup
17 15 March 2014 Sweden Falun, Sweden 7.5+7.5 km C/F Skiathlon Stage World Cup
18 16 March 2014 Sweden Falun, Sweden 10 km F Pursuit Stage World Cup
19 14–16 March 2014 Sweden World Cup Final Overall World Cup
20 2014–15 30 November 2014 Finland Ruka, Finland 10 km C Individual World Cup
21 6 December 2014 Norway Lillehammer, Norway 5 km F Individual Stage World Cup
22 7 December 2014 Norway Lillehammer, Norway 10 km C Pursuit Stage World Cup
23 13 December 2014  Switzerland  Davos, Switzerland 10 km C Individual World Cup
24 10 January 2015 Italy Val di Fiemme, Italy 10 km C Mass Start Stage World Cup
25 11 January 2015 Italy Val di Fiemme, Italy 9 km F Pursuit Final Climb Stage World Cup
26 2015–16 28 November 2015 Finland Ruka, Finland 5 km F Individual Stage World Cup
27 29 November 2015 Finland Ruka, Finland 10 km C Pursuit Stage World Cup
28 27–29 November 2015 Finland Nordic Opening Overall World Cup
29 5 December 2015 Norway Lillehammer, Norway 7.5+7.5 km C/F Skiathlon World Cup
30 12 December 2015  Switzerland  Davos, Switzerland 15 km F Individual World Cup
31 20 December 2015 Italy Toblach, Italy 10 km C Individual World Cup
32 2 January 2016  Switzerland  Lenzerheide, Switzerland 15 km C Mass Start Stage World Cup
33 6 January 2016 Germany Oberstdorf, Germany 10 km C Mass Start Stage World Cup
34 10 January 2016 Italy Val di Fiemme, Italy 9 km F Pursuit Final Climb Stage World Cup
35 1–10 January 2016 Switzerland Germany Italy Tour de Ski Overall World Cup
36 23 January 2016 Czech Republic Nové Město, Czech Republic 10 km F Individual World Cup
37 7 February 2016 Norway Oslo, Norway 30 km F Mass Start World Cup
38 13 February 2016 Sweden Falun, Sweden 5 km C Individual World Cup
39 14 February 2016 Sweden Falun, Sweden 10 km F Mass Start World Cup
40 21 February 2016 Finland Lahti, Finland 7.5+7.5 km C/F Skiathlon World Cup
41 2 March 2016 Canada Montreal, Canada 10.5 km C Mass Start Stage World Cup
42 1–12 March 2016 Canada Ski Tour Canada Overall World Cup

Team victories

  • 13 victories
No. Season Date Location Discipline Level
1 2007–08 25 November 2007 Norway Beitostølen, Norway Relay 4x5 km M World Cup (with Jacobsen / Skofterud / Bjørgen)
2 9 December 2007  Switzerland  Davos, Switzerland Relay 4x5 km M World Cup (with Stemland / Steira / Skofterud)
3 2008–09 23 November 2008 Sweden Gällivare, Sweden Relay 4x5 km M World Cup (with Bjørgen / Steira / Kristoffersen)
4 2009–10 7 March 2010 Finland Lahti, Finland Relay 4x5 km M World Cup (with Kristoffersen / Steira / Bjørgen)
5 2010–11 21 November 2010 Sweden Gällivare, Sweden Relay 4x5 km M World Cup (with Skofterud / Steira / Bjørgen)
6 12 December 2010 France La Clusaz, France Relay 4x5 km M World Cup (with Skofterud / Steira / Bjørgen)
7 2011–12 20 November 2011 Norway Sjusjøen, Norway Relay 4x5 km M World Cup (with Skofterud / Steira / Bjørgen)
8 12 February 2012 Czech Republic Nové Město, Czech Republic Relay 4x5 km M World Cup (with Skofterud / Jacobsen / Bjørgen)
9 2012–13 25 November 2012 Sweden Gällivare, Sweden Relay 4x5 km M World Cup (with Skofterud / Hagen / Bjørgen)
10 20 January 2013 France La Clusaz, France Relay 4x5 km M World Cup (with Weng / Steira / Bjørgen)
11 2013–14 8 December 2013 Norway Lillehammer, Norway Relay 4x5 km M World Cup (with Weng / Steira / Bjørgen)
12 2015–16 6 December 2015 Norway Lillehammer, Norway Relay 4x5 km M World Cup (with Falla / Østberg / Weng)
13 24 January 2016 Czech Republic Nové Město, Czech Republic Relay 4x5 km M World Cup (with Østberg / Weng / Jacobsen)

Olympic results

  Year    Age   10 km 
 individual 		  15 km 
 skiathlon 		  30 km 
 mass start 		  Sprint   4x5 km 
 relay 		  Team 
 sprint 
2010 22 – 6 7 – 1 –
2014 26 3 4 2 – 5 –

World Championship results

  Year    Age   10 km 
 individual 		  15 km 
 skiathlon 		  30 km 
 mass start 		  Sprint   4x5 km 
 relay 		  Team 
 sprint 
2007 18 – – 3 – – –
2009 20 10 6 4 – 4 –
2011 22 4 3 1 – 1 –
2013 24 1 2 3 – 1 –
2015 26 27 1 1 – 1 –

Sponsors

Her sponsors are (as of 13 October 2016) Tag Heuer, Huawei, Isklar and Eger.[82]

Satire

On 25 October 2016, the home page of NRK's website linked to a video clip where persons were interviewed about Johaug, marijuana and cocaine; the video clip was linked from the phrase "- I did not tell you that she has taken marijuana and cocaine" "Television Colombia" with questions about Therese Johaug. Above the phrase was the word satiriks. The title of the video clip is [black humor: Television Columbia] "Svart Humor: Television Colombia".[83][84]

References

  1. ^ Norway Olympic Team and Media Guide Sochi 2014. Norway: Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic Committee and Confederation of Sports. 2014. p. 48.
  2. ^ Berg, Stein (6 September 2008). "Johaug i Nansen". Østlendingen (in Norwegian). Retrieved 21 July 2009.
  3. ^ http://www.dagbladet.no/sport/advokaten-avslorer-johaug-avgjorelse-kan-komme-snart/63966507
  4. ^ https://www.nrk.no/sport/advokat_-_-johaug-fikk-hele-pakken-1.13182815
  5. ^ http://www.dagbladet.no/sport/slik-hevder-johaug-a-ha-fatt-i-seg-det-forbudte-stoffet/63962006
  6. ^ http://nordic.businessinsider.com/therese-johaug-tested-positive-for-doping----norwegian-ski-federation-cancels-huge-kick-off-2016-10/
  7. ^ https://www.nrk.no/video/PS*f5018
  8. ^ Therese Johaug at the International Ski and Snowboard Federation
  9. ^ "Johaug and Sundby of Norway win Tour de Ski". Yahoo! Sports. 5 January 2014. Retrieved 15 April 2014.
  10. ^ "Therese Johaug and Martin Johnsrud Sundby races into record books". Fédération Internationale de Ski. 20 March 2014. Retrieved 15 April 2014.
  11. ^ "Therese Johaug wins third gold medal with dominant 30 km victory". International Ski Federation. 28 February 2015. Retrieved 17 March 2016.
  12. ^ "Johaug is Skiathlon World Champion 2015 - UPDATED". International Ski Federation. 21 February 2015. Retrieved 17 March 2016.
  13. ^ "Norway retain relay crown in Falun". Eurosport. 26 February 2015. Retrieved 17 March 2016.
  14. ^ "Johaug and Sundby Champions of Tour de Ski". International Ski Federation. 10 January 2016. Retrieved 17 March 2016.
  15. ^ "Johaug and Sundby end impressive seasons with victories". International Ski Federation. 13 March 2016. Retrieved 17 March 2016.
  16. ^ http://www.dagbladet.no/sport/therese-blir-nektet-a-fa-hjelp-av-sin-beste-trener/63972976
  17. ^ Therese Johaug On Using Asthma Medication: "We Have Nothing To Hide" (SKI-LINES, Sep 07, 2016) "When asked if she had ever taken asthma medication, Johaug replied "I don't have proven asthma, but there have been some cases where I have had respiratory infections and received treatment by the doctors on the team". When asked if her treatments included asthma medication, she replied that they did.
  18. ^ Int'l Commission to Bring Norwegian Skiers With Fake Asthma to Justice (Sputnik News, Sept. 15th, 2016) "Norwegian TV-channel TV2 revealed that asthma medicine was being prescribed to skiers with a clean bill of health, including three-time Olympic medalist and seven-time World Championship winner Therese Johaug."
  19. ^ New doping flap hits sports elite (NEWSinENGLISH.no, August 26, 2016) "Norway's TV2 has reported that Norwegian skiers who don’t suffer from asthma were also given asthma medicine, which is what Kowalczyk has claimed before. So have other skiers and sports officials in Poland, Russia, Finland and now Sweden, suggesting further that the asthma medicine, while legal, was administered to improve the Norwegians’ performance. They equated its use to doping."
  20. ^ http://www.tv2.no/a/8673597
  21. ^ http://www.vg.no/sport/langrenn/martin-johnsrud-sundby/nagler-norsk-astmapraksis-til-veggen/a/23825953/
  22. ^ http://www.vg.no/sport/langrenn/therese-johaug/johaug-saken-skal-granskes-av-astma-utvalget/a/23827090/
  23. ^ https://www.nrk.no/sport/granskingsutvalget-er-klart-1.13133860
  24. ^ https://www.nrk.no/sport/granskingsutvalget-er-klart-1.13133860
  25. ^ Urheiluoikeuden asiantuntija Johaugin pitkästä dopingtestitauosta: "Oliko tässä järjestetty suojattu ajanjakso?" (in Finnish) (YLE, Oct. 19th, 2016)
  26. ^ https://www.nrk.no/sport/gikk-fire-maneder-uten-a-bli-testet_-_-uheldig-1.13185602
  27. ^ http://www.dagbladet.no/sport/fire-maneder-mellom-johaugs-to-siste-dopingprover-nbsp--n-test-til-kunne-reddet-henne/63970999
  28. ^ "Therese Johaug har testet positivt etter bruk av krem mot solforbrent leppe" (in Norwegian). Norwegian Ski Federation. Retrieved 2016-10-13.
  29. ^ "Norwegian cross-country skier Therese Johaug tests positive". WTOP. Retrieved 2016-10-13.
  30. ^ "Antidoping Norge, pressemelding 13. oktober 2016" (in Norwegian). Anti-Doping Norway. Retrieved 2016-10-14.
  31. ^ http://www.vg.no/sport/langrenn/therese-johaug/russlands-landslagstrener-uforstaaelig-at-johaug-ikke-ble-testet-paa-fire-maaneder/a/23827375/
  32. ^ "Therese Johaug har testet positivt etter bruk av krem mot solforbrent leppe" (in Norwegian). Norwegian Ski Federation. Retrieved 2016-10-13.
  33. ^ "Norwegian cross-country skier Therese Johaug tests positive". WTOP. Retrieved 2016-10-13.
  34. ^ "Antidoping Norge, pressemelding 13. oktober 2016" (in Norwegian). Anti-Doping Norway. Retrieved 2016-10-14.
  35. ^ http://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1042732/norwegian-skiing-team-accused-of-operating-in-a-grey-area-by-former-wada-official
  36. ^ "Trofodermin - Drugs.com". www.drugs.com. Retrieved 2016-10-13.
  37. ^ http://www.tv2.no/sport/8664065/
  38. ^ http://www.gd.no/debatt/leserinnlegg/doping/munnsar-under-hoydetrening-behandling-til-besvar/o/5-18-358815
  39. ^ http://www.vg.no/sport/langrenn/therese-johaug/russlands-landslagstrener-uforstaaelig-at-johaug-ikke-ble-testet-paa-fire-maaneder/a/23827375/
  40. ^ https://www.langrenn.com/tidslinje-for-johaugs-positive-dopingproeve.5917298-1743.html
  41. ^ a b c http://www.aftenposten.no/100Sport/langrenn/Hovedpersonen-har-ikke-besvart-ett-sporsmal_-legen-er-taus-Her-er-det-vi-gjerne-skulle-ha-spurt-dem-om-845508_1.snd
  42. ^ https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/norwegian-cross-country-skier-therese-johaug-tests-positive/2016/10/13/af587070-9125-11e6-bc00-1a9756d4111b_story.html
  43. ^ "Agostini gives up on cycling in letter over doping suspension". Velonews. Retrieved 2016-10-14.
  44. ^ Johaug inte testad på fyra månader (Dagens Nyheter, Oct. 19th, 2016) (in Swedish) "När Therese Johaug testades den 16 september hade hon inte lämnat något prov sedan den 10 maj, vilket inte är anmärkningsvärt på något sätt eftersom det handlar om tid utanför skidsäsongen (...) nu går det inte att säga säkert att det var läppsalvan som gav utslag, det kan lika gärna vara en flera månader gammal injektion av anabola steroider som fanns kvar i kroppen"
  45. ^ http://www.tv2.no/sport/8660010/
  46. ^ http://www.tv2.no/sport/8664065/
  47. ^ http://www.dagbladet.no/sport/konkurrentenes-tvil-om-johaug-er-basert-pa-feil-premiss-derfor-gir-forklaringen-mening/63983015
  48. ^ http://www.aftenposten.no/100Sport/langrenn/Hovedpersonen-har-ikke-besvart-ett-sporsmal_-legen-er-taus-Her-er-det-vi-gjerne-skulle-ha-spurt-dem-om-845508_1.snd
  49. ^ http://www.vg.no/sport/langrenn/therese-johaug/johaugs-sjef-kan-gaa-av-paa-dagen/a/23824596/
  50. ^ "Antidoping Norge, pressemelding 19. oktober 2016" (in Norwegian). Anti-Doping Norway. Retrieved 2016-10-19.
  51. ^ http://www.antidoping.no/om-antidoping-norge/nyheter/pressemelding-19-oktober-2016/
  52. ^ http://www.vg.no/sport/langrenn/johaug-tatt-i-doping/toppidrettssjefen-johaug-nektes-trening-paa-olympiatoppen/a/23825090/
  53. ^ http://www.dagbladet.no/sport/avslorer-johaug-og-bjorgen-far-trene-sammen-til-tross-for-suspensjonen-4-desember-kan-johaug-fa-en-ny-opptur/63973097
  54. ^ http://www.svt.se/sport/therese-johaug/experten-en-langsokt-forklaring/
  55. ^ http://www.dagbladet.no/sport/antidopingekspert-om-johaug---det-er-en-usannsynlig-forklaring-men-ikke-umulig/63961530
  56. ^ http://www.vg.no/sport/langrenn/therese-johaug/advokaten-bekrefter-therese-johaug-fikk-hele-pakken/a/23822539/?expId=df-86-db65a0e9&varId=df-86-db65a0e9
  57. ^ https://www.nrk.no/sport/derfor-er-ikke-johaug-utestengt-per-dags-dato-1.13180738
  58. ^ http://www.tv2.no/a/8657896/
  59. ^ http://www.tv2.no/nyheter/8656019/
  60. ^ http://www.dagbladet.no/sport/80-millioner-star-pa-spill-sponsorer-avventer-n-har-trukket-seg/63962541
  61. ^ http://www.dagbladet.no/sport/dopingsjokket-ingen-hindring-na-vil-flyselskapet-tilby-johaug-ny-sponsorkontrakt---alt-darlig-ender-godt-til-slutt/63963852
  62. ^ http://www.bt.no/100Sport/langrenn/Advokat-om-ny-Johaug-avsloring---Vanskeligere-a-svelge-historien-hennes-na-842860_1.snd
  63. ^ http://www.dn.se/sport/jens-littorin-avslojandet-gor-att-therese-johaugs-forsvarstaktik-spricker/
  64. ^ http://www.dagbladet.no/sport/tidligere-wada-direktor-kritisk-til-norsk-skisport/63967818
  65. ^ https://www.thelocal.no/20161020/supermarket-in-finland-mocks-listhaug-with-lipbalm-offer
  66. ^ http://www.aftenposten.no/100Sport/langrenn/Matvarekjede-haner-Johaug-i-finsk-annonse-844417_1.snd
  67. ^ http://www.dagbladet.no/sport/matvaregigant-haner-johaug-i-ny-kampanje/63974591
  68. ^ http://www.expressen.se/sport/langdskidor/lidl-i-finland-hanar-therese-johaug/
  69. ^ http://www.iltasanomat.fi/taloussanomat/art-2000001933809.html
  70. ^ http://www.vg.no/sport/langrenn/therese-johaug/johaug-mister-storkontrakt-med-dopingdom/a/23825670/
  71. ^ Läkarna frågande till Johaugs förklaring (Aftonbladet, Oct. 20, 2016) (in Swedish) "Jag har aldrig hört om någon som använt Trofodermin på solbrända läppar, säger doktor Peter Ploner till TV2. (...) Man ska inte smörja in den tunna huden på läpparna med clostebol, säger han och fortsätter: Jag måste vara ärlig och säga att det där tror jag inte på. Trofodermin kan inte användas på läpparna"
  72. ^ http://www.vg.no/sport/langrenn/maatte-svare-paa-norsk-statsdoping-og-juks/a/23826492/
  73. ^ http://www.dagbladet.no/sport/vi-kommer-til-a-anke-en-mild-straff/63980751
  74. ^ http://www.vg.no/sport/langrenn/johaug-tatt-i-doping/finsk-langrennsstjerne-lurer-paa-om-johaug-snakker-sant/a/23826863/
  75. ^ http://www.expressen.se/kronikorer/?ar=true
  76. ^ http://www.expressen.se/sport/kronikorer/tomas-pettersson/pettersson-ge-oss-sanningen-nu-johaug/
  77. ^ http://www.expressen.se/sport/langdskidor/svenska-tvivlet-efter-johaugs-dopingprov/
  78. ^ http://pluss.vg.no/2016/10/21/2577/2577_23826138
  79. ^ http://www.vg.no/sport/langrenn/therese-johaug/sammenligner-norges-dopingsjokk-med-finlands-vm-skandale/a/23826968/
  80. ^ http://www.vg.no/sport/langrenn/therese-johaug/russlands-landslagstrener-uforstaaelig-at-johaug-ikke-ble-testet-paa-fire-maaneder/a/23827375/
  81. ^ http://www.vg.no/sport/langrenn/langrenn/svensk-ski-legende-til-svt-faar-en-foelelse-av-at-therese-kjoepte-salven-selv/a/23829057/
  82. ^ http://kampanje.com/markedsforing/2016/10/hovedsponsor-slar-ring-rundt-johaug/
  83. ^ https://www.nrk.no/ Accessed on 25. October 2016
  84. ^ https://www.nrk.no/satiriks/svart-humor_-television-colombia-1.13193073
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