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Blackwell UK
Company typePrivate
IndustryRetail
Bookselling
Wholesale
Founded1879
FounderBenjamin Henry Blackwell
Headquarters
Oxford
,
England, UK
Number of locations
45 stores (2012) [1]
Area served
UK
Key people
Toby Blackwell (Owner)
Trevor Goul-Wheeker (Chairman)
ProductsBooks, Maps
RevenueDecrease £77.02 million (2011) [2]
Increase - £5 million (2011)[2]
Number of employees
1,000 [3][4]
Websitewww.blackwell.co.uk

Blackwell UK, also known as Blackwell's and Blackwell Group, is a British academic book retailer and library supply service originally founded in 1879 by Benjamin Henry Blackwell,[5] after whom the chain is named. Based in Oxford, the original Broad Street branch is now part of a larger chain of 45 shops, as well as an accounts and library supply service, employing around 1000 staff across all divisions.[3][4]

The Broad street branches, which include specialty music and art/poster shops, remained the only branches until expansion in the early 1990s, when at peak after taking over the Heffers brand in Cambridge in 1999[6] and the James Thin academic chain in Scotland in 2002,[7] the company had over 70 branches.[7] The company's library supply chain serves internationally, but parts were sold off in 2009, with the North American arm of Blackwell Book Services and Australian business James Bennett sold to Baker & Taylor and folded into Baker & Taylor's existing academic library arm, YBP Library Services.[8] The group were also publishers, under the Blackwell publishing brand which published over 800 journals when it was sold to publishers John Wiley & Sons in 2007 for £572 million to form Wiley-Blackwell.[9]

The Blackwell family have been in charge of the company since its foundation, with a share structure divided between voting shares owned by the family and wealth shares owned by family and other parties.[10] However, following a public spat between Julian 'Toby' Blackwell, current owner of the group and Nigel Blackwell, former chairman of the publishing arm in 2002, concerning the possible selling of the publishing business, leading to an offer from Taylor & Francis of £300 million[11] and to the eventual deal with John Wiley & Son in 2006, Nigel Blackwell and Toby's son Philip Blackwell left the business,[12] leaving Toby Blackwell the sole family member still part of running the company. The other voting shares left by the other family members are currently held by a trust, which Toby's shares will transfer to when he dies, eventually bringing an end to the Blackwell family involvement with the company.[13] Toby Blackwell announced in 2009 that the wealth shares would be distributed between staff, transforming the company into an employee-partnership, similar to that of retailer John Lewis, when the company returns to profitability having spent several years experiencing losses.[10][14] The company reported it was expecting to return to profit in 2012.[10]

On 29 October 2012,[15] Blackwells was - with Foyles, John Lewis department stores, Waitrose, Sainsbury's and Argos - among the retailers to launch the nook e-reader - and from, November, the nook HD and nook HD+ tablet computers.[16]

History & Developments

Blackwell signage outside the Charing Cross Road branch

Blackwell family

The company was originally founded on 1st January 1879 by Benjamin Henry Blackwell,[5] at 50 Broad Street, Oxford. Benjamin’s father, Benjamin Harris Blackwell had founded his own second-hand bookshop prior to the formation of the current company in 1845, located in St Clements’ and also became the Chief Librarian of Oxford [5] in due part from his influence with the Temperance Society, which promoted religion, self-education and reading.[17] However, Benjamin Harris died when Benjamin Henry was 6, [18] leaving him to be apprenticed following his formal education to Charles Richards, an Oxford bookseller, aged 13.[17] Benjamin Henry went onto become the first Liberal councillor for Oxford North.[17]

Benjamin’s son, Basil Blackwell, born 1889, gained a scholarship to Merton College and following a spell at Oxford University Press, went to join his father in the running of the business in 1913.[18] He expanded the publishing arm, opening Blackwell & Mott publishing and saving Shakespeare Head publishers in 1921,[18] folding them into the company, B H Blackwell Ltd in 1924, as well as opening Blackwell Scientific in 1939.[19] Basil also oversaw large scale expansion of the retail business, as well as becoming a leading figure in the publishing industry, becoming President of the Antiquarian Booksellers Association in 1927 and of the Bookseller’s Association between 1934 and 1936.[18] He received his knighthood for services to bookselling in 1956 [19]. Basil handed control of the company to his sons, Richard Blackwell and Julian (Toby) Blackwell, in the early 1960’s and became company President until his death in 1984.[20] Richard became company Chairman and Toby oversaw the expansion of the Broad Street branch until 1980, when Richard died, passing his control of the company on to his sons, Nigel and Miles Blackwell.[13][21]

Nigel became the company’s Managing Director between 1983 and 1989,[22] Toby assumed leadership of the retail business [13] and Miles oversaw Blackwell Scientific and the Library supply arm.[21] The company continued to expand into the 1990’s, with Nigel overseeing the merger of B H Publishers and Blackwell Scientific into Blackwell Publishing,[19] Toby becoming Chairman, opening up new flagship stores and acquiring other retail brands, and Miles expanding the library service internationally, reaching into North American, Australian and Asian markets.[21] In 1997, Miles retired to spend time with his wife, selling his shares to the rest of the family, but died unexpectedly in 2001. Toby stepped down from his position in 1999 into an active, non-executive role[23] and was replaced by his son Philip who joined in 2000 as company Chairman.[24]

Divisions about the direction of the company, then said to be worth £500 million, [] became public knowledge in 2002 when Toby, who with Philip had a controlling share of voting rights, tried to lobby shareholders into the sale of Blackwell Publishing to Taylor and Francis, who had launched a hostile bid of £300 million for the publisher. [] Nigel Blackwell, who was Publishing Chairman at the time, firmly opposed this move, having the support of the board despite a lesser share of the voting rights. [] Several emergency shareholder meetings were called, with the bid eventually being rejected due to Toby being 2pc short of voting share needed to approve the deal. [] Toby has publically stated that damage to family relations is‘...nothing like as much as you might think," [] but the issues were not fully resolved and further exacerbated by an attempt to sell the retail business in 2004, until 2006, when Blackwell Publishing was sold to John Wiley & Sons for £572 million, and Nigel and Philip left the business. []

Toby Blackwell is the last remaining member of the Blackwell family to be involved with the running of the business, owning 100% of the voting shares, and has stated that when he dies, control of the company will pass to a trust which “...has been most thoroughly drawn up so that it will be impervious to any attempted interference by my family" [] thus bringing Blackwell family involvement to an end. Toby is currently involved in transforming the company into an employee-partnership, similar in style to retailer John Lewis, [] as well as providing addition funding to the company through Toby Blackwell Ltd. []

Retail

The original shop was only 12 foot square, with enough room “for a chair, one standing customer and a back room for storage” [], and sold both new and rare second-hand stock []. The first catalogue contained 667 books and was valued at £110, including works by Milton, Wordsworth, as well as Latin and Greek classics. The catalogue also contained rare first editions of Hobbes ‘Leviathan’ and illustrated versions of Loggans ‘Oxoniana Illustrata’ []. Accounts for the first year of trade reported a profit of £226 []. Benjamin Henry went on to form Blackwell Publishing in 1879[] and the ABA in 1906 and became its president 1912 []. The shop expanded into 51 Broad Street in 1884, replacing ‘Lockwood’s Tailors’[] and into Bliss Court, a collection of cottages located behind the shop which eventually was knocked down to make way for the New Bodleian Library in 1936, and involved the rebuilding of 50 and 51[]. Due to this expansion, 49 and 48 Broad Street became structurally dangerous, but were repaired and leased to the Blackwell family from Trinity College for £155 annually over 80 years [].

When Basil Blackwell joined the company, he was charged with expanding the publishing arm of the company, oversaw the purchase of ‘Shakespeare Head Press’ in 1921, and incorporated in Blackwell Publishing, which already had published authors including J.R.R. Tolkien, W. H. Auden and ? [] When Benjamin died in 1924, Basil took over the entire company and led it through an expansion period, including the opening of the Norrington Room, a large underground extension underneath the Trinity College quadrangle. [] Measuring 10,000 square foot and 3 miles of shelving, the extension named after Sir Arthur Norrington, President of Trinity College merited an entry in the Guinness Book of Records as the largest single room selling books. [] By the time Basil died in 1984, branches had been opened across the country, including York in the late 1960’s [], the specialty music shop in Oxford and a branch in Bristol in 1977 [], and continued to expand with openings in St Andrews in 1986[] and the specialty Art shop in Oxford in 1988[], among others. The 1990’s were a period a large-scale expansion for the chain, with the UK’s first transactional online bookshop being set up in 1995 on blackwell.co.uk. [] A flagship store in Charing Cross opened in 1998[], and the Heffers brand in Cambridge was purchased in 1999, with the company retaining the branding.[]

During 2002, Blackwells purchased the James Thin chain of academic bookshops, bringing the chains to its peak number of branches of 72, [] and brought in Dominic Myers as Managing Director. [] This signalled a period of change and consolidation for the chain, with Toby Blackwell initiating a failed bid to buy the retail chain outright in 2005, and Vince Gunn replacing Myers as MD in 2006. Permanent store numbers started decreasing to around 40 [] but many areas were alternatively served by ‘pop-up’ shops, which trade at the beginning of an academic year. []

References

  1. ^ "Our Shops". Blackwells Online. Retrieved 1 February 2012.
  2. ^ a b Campbell, Lisa (26 March 2012). "Revenue drops but losses down at Blackwell". The Bookseller. Retrieved 16 April 2012.
  3. ^ a b Finch, Julia (8 September 2010). "Blackwell book chain owner plans to hand firm over to staff". The Guardian. Retrieved 27 January 2012.
  4. ^ a b Campbell, Lisa (10 May 2011). "Blackwell cuts 19 from library supply business". The Bookseller. Retrieved 27 January 2012.
  5. ^ a b c "48-51 Broad Street". A History of Oxford. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
  6. ^ "Blackwell's rationalises Heffers Branches". AllBusiness. 1999. Retrieved 1 February 2012.
  7. ^ a b Cave, Andrew (20 April 2002). "Blackwell wins Thin in family feud lull". The Telegraph. Retrieved 1 February 2012.
  8. ^ Neilan, Catherine (8 December 2009). "Blackwell Sells Library supply arm". The Bookseller. Retrieved 1 February 2012.
  9. ^ Osborne, Alistair (18 November 2006). "Blackwell duo bury hatchet as publisher is sold to John Wiley". The Telegraph. Retrieved 1 February 2012.
  10. ^ a b c Denny, Neill (8 September 2010). "Blackwell's to close head office, as power shifts to staff". The Bookseller. Retrieved 2 February 2012.
  11. ^ Bowers, Simon (23 January 2002). "Blackwell's journal of disquiet". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 February 2012.
  12. ^ Wallows, Harry (20 January 2006). "Blackwell's starts fresh chapter". The Telegraph. Retrieved 2 February 2012.
  13. ^ a b c Denny, Neill (28 May 2009). "The Last King of Blackwells". The Bookseller. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
  14. ^ Campbell, Lisa (31 March 2011). "Blackwell Group halves losses within a year". The Bookseller. Retrieved 27 January 2012.
  15. ^ Last-minute delay to UK Nook launch, Lisa Campbell, The Bookseller, London.Retrieved 8 December 2012.
  16. ^ Barnes & Noble's Nook HD and HD+ tablets will come to UK in November, Ian Steadman,wired.co.uk, 26 September,2012.Retrieved 8 December 2012.
  17. ^ a b c "The History of Blackwell". About Blackwell's. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
  18. ^ a b c d "Basil Blackwell". Old Waynfletes. Magdelan College. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
  19. ^ a b c "Timeline". Company Timeline. Blackwell Publishing. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
  20. ^ "Timeline, by decades". History of Blackwell Publishing. Blackwell Publishing. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
  21. ^ a b c Hooper, A.S.C. (11). "Memories of Miles – Miles Blackwell and his contribution to South African librarianship". SA Jnl Libs & Info Sci. 76 (2). Retrieved 21 January 2013. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  22. ^ "Company Overview of Blackwell Publishing (Holdings) Ltd". Businessweek. Bloomburg. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
  23. ^ "About: Julian Blackwell". Oxford Brookes. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
  24. ^ "Industry Advisory Board Member Philip Blackwell". Oxford International Centre for Publishing Studies. Oxford Brookes. Retrieved 21 January 2013.



The accounts for the year to 2012 showed Waterstones, prior- and post-acquisition had made losses of £37.3 million[1]

To compete with other retailers and return the business to profitability, there was an overhaul the company's business strategy to emphasise traditional bookselling techniques, which saw a move away from centralised decision making to stores based decisions[2]. As such, across 2013 Waterstones embarked on a major restructuring of staffing levels, with a company-wide consultation with 560 managerial staff to subsequently reduce roles within the company[3]. This led to 200 managers leaving their posts by September[4] and Head Office staff departures[5]. Waterstones launched a number of new partnerships through the year, including with the University of Derby to launch a professional qualification programme for its staff[6], with the Folio Society to extend customer reach and stock selection in London-based bookshops[7], as well as partnering with a new charity, BookTrust, which looks to inspire children to read for pleasure[8]. By the end of 2013, Waterstones had cut its losses to £12.2 million, opened 12 further Café W and embarked on a capital investment in its store portfolio of £29.5 million[9].

In 2014, the chain continued to manage its store footprint opening new stores, with locations in Ringwood, Blackburn[10] and Southwold, its first branch to be without Waterstones branding[11], as well as closing stores in Eastleigh and St Neots[12]. Continued business strategy change saw further departures from Head Office in brand communication and PR[13] and a renewed agency contract for Waterstones’ digital marketing[14]. The retailer also overhauled its business technology with new algorithms on its website to help personalise the online shopping experience[15], updated point-of-sale IT[16] and also introducing contactless payment in its stores[17]. The retailer also partnered with Airbnb to hold a one-off ‘sleepover’ for customers in its Piccadilly branch in October 2014 after a customer was accidently trapped in the Trafalgar Square branch after closing[18]. Accounts for 2014 saw operating income losses narrow to £3.8 million, but sales slip by 5.9%[19].

Further changes in store numbers were announced in 2015, including the closure of Wimbledon[20] and Birmingham New Street[21], the opening of The Rye Bookshop[22] and a return to Welwyn Garden City[23]. Other activities throughout the year included a partnership with Oxfam to raise £1 million for those impacted by the Syrian civil war crisis through a nationwide campaign called ‘Buy Books for Syria’, with 100% of the RRP going to the charity[24], as well as announcing a new Children’s Laureate, Chris Riddell[25]. In October 2015, after 3 years on sale in stores, Waterstones took the decision to remove the Kindle from its offer following ‘pitiful’ sales and hand the retail space over to books[26]. This was followed in May 2016 with Waterstones announcing it had sold its ebook business to Rakuten Kobo Inc.[27], subsequently directing customers who had purchased eBooks through the retailer to access their ebooks via Kobo's eBook site[28]. This transaction represented a pull-out from the eBook and eReader market for Waterstones after 8 years and multiple platforms. The ongoing strategic changes made to the way to business operates had given more accountability to booksellers and a generated a more customer focused experience in shops[29] and for 2015, the company reported an operating income of £5.4 million and a further narrowing of losses to £4.5 million from £18.8 million the previous year[30].

2016 saw further adjustment to store numbers, with the chain closing stores in Oxford Street Plaza, Edinburgh George Street[31] and Reading Oracle[32], opening stores including Harpenden Books[33], Glasgow Fort[34] and Tottenham Court Road, the largest Waterstones to open in London for 6 years[35]. Waterstones also returned to Wimbledon[31] and Watford[36] with these stores benefitting from a refreshed brand look, widely welcomed by the trade[37]. An interview with Daunt noted that Amazon ‘defines how Waterstones acts’ and that while the retailer could not compete digitally with them, it could offer a credible alternative to the internet company and that there was a future in physical bookselling[38]. As such, the retailer continued to look at ‘fixing the basics’ such as adjusting store opening hours and harnessing data from the loyalty card[39] as well as continued efforts in development of physical stores through refurbishment, including its Canterbury store[40] and work on its e-commerce routes through improvements to product ranking[41]. The retailer renewed its partnership with Oxfam to continue to raise money for the Syrian crisis, donating £5 for each ‘Book of the Month’ sold in shops during November[42] and it was also announced that Waterstones had raised £300,000 for BookTrust in 3 years since partnering,and would continue the partnership for a fourth year[43]. Waterstones made its first profit in 7 years of £11.7 million in the year ending April 2016[44]. This included increased profits in Ireland, with sales rising 7% over the year[45] and an expressed desire to open more stores in Ireland[46]. The management board was also reduced by 4 members from 7 to 3, with the future composition under review[47].

The retailer did make public its concern that the UK EU referendum was likely to impact on sales due to an expected retail downturn following a ‘no’ vote[48], however noted that sales had remained ‘buoyant’ following the decision to leave the EU but remained pessimistic for the future[49].

  1. ^ Ebrahimi, Helia (2013-02-05). "Waterstones boss pledges to revive company's fortunes after a £37m loss". Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 2017-05-01. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  2. ^ Rankin, Jennifer (2013-10-04). "Waterstones can live with Amazon and stem losses, says James Daunt". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2017-05-01.
  3. ^ Campbell, Lisa (2013-05-01). "Major restructure for Waterstones management staff | The Bookseller". www.thebookseller.com. Retrieved 2017-05-01. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  4. ^ Campbell, Lisa (2013-09-06). "Waterstones restructure nears completion | The Bookseller". www.thebookseller.com. Retrieved 2017-05-01. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  5. ^ Farrington, Joshua (2013-11-13). "Departures at Waterstones in buying 'evolution' | The Bookseller". www.thebookseller.com. Retrieved 2017-05-01. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  6. ^ Campbell, Lisa (2013-02-25). "Waterstones to launch bookselling certificate | The Bookseller". www.thebookseller.com. Retrieved 2017-05-01. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  7. ^ Campbell, Lisa (2013-10-22). "Folio partners with Waterstones | The Bookseller". www.thebookseller.com. Retrieved 2017-05-01. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  8. ^ "Book Trust | Waterstones.com Help | Waterstones". www.waterstones.com. Retrieved 2017-05-01.
  9. ^ Dennys, Harriet (2014-02-04). "Waterstones turns a corner under Russian ownership". Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 2017-05-01. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  10. ^ Flood, Alison (2014-02-28). "Waterstones boss James Daunt: 'We can sell enough books to stay alive'". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2017-05-01.
  11. ^ "First Costa, now Waterstones could be final straw for sleepy Southwold". The Independent. 2014-06-20. Retrieved 2017-05-01.
  12. ^ Campbell, Lisa (2014-07-01). "Eastleigh and St Neots Waterstones to close | The Bookseller". www.thebookseller.com. Retrieved 2017-05-01. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  13. ^ Nias, Simon. "Waterstones senior comms duo depart". PR Week. Retrieved 2017-05-01. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  14. ^ McCarthy, John. "Waterstones renews partnership with digital marketing agency Epiphany". The Drum. Retrieved 2017-05-01. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  15. ^ Rigby, Chloe (2015-07-31). "Waterstones turns to data-driven technology to put the bookshop experience online - InternetRetailing". InternetRetailing. Retrieved 2017-05-01. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  16. ^ Sillitoe, Ben (2014-09-24). "Waterstones places focus on in-store point of sale - Essential Retail". Essential Retail. Retrieved 2017-05-01. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  17. ^ Campbell, Lisa (2015-07-01). "Waterstones to introduce contactless payment | The Bookseller". www.thebookseller.com. Retrieved 2017-05-01. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  18. ^ Bausells, Marta (2014-10-21). "Night at the bookshop: Waterstones stages a sleepover after a tourist got trapped in the store". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2017-05-01.
  19. ^ Bowers, Simon (2015-02-05). "Waterstones reduces losses despite dip in sales". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2017-05-01.
  20. ^ "Waterstones Wimbledon to close next month | The Bookseller". www.thebookseller.com. Retrieved 2017-05-01.
  21. ^ Brown, Graeme (2015-10-01). "New giant Apple store to open in Waterstones New Street building". birminghammail. Retrieved 2017-05-01.
  22. ^ "Bookshop rumour confirmed - Rye News". Rye News. 2015-06-18. Retrieved 2017-05-01.
  23. ^ Metcalfe, Neil. "Waterstones to bring a bookshop back to Welwyn Garden City". Welwyn Hatfield Times. Retrieved 2017-05-01. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  24. ^ Campbell, Lisa (2015-09-25). "Waterstones launches 'Books for Syria' appeal to raise £1m | The Bookseller". www.thebookseller.com. Retrieved 2017-05-01. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  25. ^ "The Waterstones Children's Laureate - Chris Riddell | Waterstones". www.waterstones.com. Retrieved 2017-05-01.
  26. ^ Shepherd, Jack (2015-10-08). "Waterstones to remove Amazon's Kindle from stores". The Independent. Retrieved 2017-05-01. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  27. ^ "Waterstones quits ebooks, hands business to Kobo". SEENIT. 2016-05-23. Retrieved 2017-05-01.
  28. ^ Rodionova, Zlata (2016-05-23). "Waterstones is stopping selling e-books". The Independent. Retrieved 2017-05-01. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  29. ^ Campbell, Lisa (2015-06-24). "Daunt: 'higher energy booksellers' at Waterstones | The Bookseller". www.thebookseller.com. Retrieved 2017-05-01. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  30. ^ Armstrong, Ashley (2016-02-03). "Waterstones turns a page as sales rise". Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 2017-05-01. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  31. ^ a b Campbell, Lisa (2016-06-09). "Waterstones to close two stores but open one in Wimbledon | The Bookseller". www.thebookseller.com. Retrieved 2017-05-01. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  32. ^ Cowdrey, Katherine (2016-01-13). "Waterstones closes Reading Oracle store | The Bookseller". www.thebookseller.com. Retrieved 2017-05-01. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  33. ^ Campbell, Lisa (2016-04-06). "Waterstones opens 'Harpenden Books' | The Bookseller". www.thebookseller.com. Retrieved 2017-05-01. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  34. ^ Russell, Jennifer (2016-12-15). "Waterstones officially opening at Glasgow Fort this weekend". glasgowlive. Retrieved 2017-05-01.
  35. ^ Sabharwal, Veebs (2015-08-14). "Waterstones to open a three-storey store as customers return to reading books - Retail Gazette". Retrieved 2017-05-01. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  36. ^ Campbell, Lisa (2016-08-25). "Waterstones to return to Watford | The Bookseller". www.thebookseller.com. Retrieved 2017-05-01. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  37. ^ Campbell, Lisa (2016-02-04). "Trade praises 'fresh' new Waterstones store | The Bookseller". www.thebookseller.com. Retrieved 2017-05-01. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  38. ^ Onuwuemez, Natasha (2016-04-11). "Daunt: 'Amazon defines how Waterstones acts' | The Bookseller". www.thebookseller.com. Retrieved 2017-05-01. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  39. ^ Faull, Jennifer (2016-02-26). "Waterstones e-commerce boss: 'Fix the basics before showboating'". The Drum. Retrieved 2017-05-01. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  40. ^ MacDougall, Lauren (2016-10-19). "Waterstones in Canterbury is about to open a new floor and a 200-seat events space". Kent Live. Retrieved 2017-05-01. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  41. ^ Davis, Ben (2016-05-05). "How canonical tags helped Waterstones solve a product ranking nightmare". Econsultancy. Retrieved 2017-05-01. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  42. ^ Campbell, Lisa (2016-10-31). "Waterstones launches new refugee campaign after 'escalation' of crisis | The Bookseller". www.thebookseller.com. Retrieved 2017-05-01. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  43. ^ "Waterstones raises £300,000 for BookTrust | Charity Today News". Charity Today News. 2016-03-23. Retrieved 2017-05-01.
  44. ^ Bury, Rhiannon (2017-02-01). "Waterstones returns to profit thanks to a return to 'traditional bookselling'". The Telegraph. Retrieved 2017-05-01. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  45. ^ Slatterly, Laura (2017-02-28). "Waterstones' profits in Ireland double in year to April 2016". The Irish Times. Retrieved 2017-05-01. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  46. ^ Conway, Joeseph. "Waterstones hopes to open more stores in Ireland". newstalk.com. Retrieved 2017-05-01. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  47. ^ Campbell, Lisa (2016-08-02). "Waterstones: four board members step down | The Bookseller". www.thebookseller.com. Retrieved 2017-05-01. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  48. ^ Wood, Zoe (2016-06-14). "Waterstones boss warns staff job cuts will follow if UK leaves EU". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2017-05-01.
  49. ^ Armitstead, Claire (2017-02-03). "Balancing the books: how Waterstones came back from the dead". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2017-05-01.
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