Cobalt sulfide: Difference between revisions

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| ImageFile1 = FeS2structure.png

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| ImageFile2 = Sulfid kobaltnatý.PNG

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| UNII = INZ5E36Y1V

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| Formula = Co_xS_y

| MolarMass = 90.9982 g/mol

| Appearance = black solid (alpha) <br /> grayish-red crystals (beta)

| Solubility = 0.00038 g/100 mL (18 °C)

| SolubleOther = slightly soluble in acid

| MagSus = +225.0·10⁻⁶ cm³/mol

|Section3={{Chembox Structure

| CrystalStruct = octahedral (beta)

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'''Cobalt sulfide''' is the name for [[chemical compound]]s with a formula Co_xS_y. Well-characterized species include minerals with the formulas CoS, CoS₂, Co₃S₄, and Co₉S₈. In general, the sulfides of cobalt are black, [[semi-conductor|semiconducting]], insoluble in water, and [[Non-stoichiometric compound|nonstoichiometric]].<ref name=Ullmann>John D. Donaldson, Detmar Beyersmann "Cobalt and Cobalt Compounds" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2005, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. {{doi|10.1002/14356007.a07_281.pub2}}</ref>

==Minerals and hydrometallurgy==

Cobalt sulfides occur widely as minerals, comprising major sources of all cobalt compounds. Binary cobalt sulfide minerals include the [[cattierite]] (CoS₂) and [[linnaeite]] (Co₃S₄). CoS₂ (see image in table) is isostructural with iron [[pyrite]], featuring disulfide groups, i.e. Co²⁺S₂²⁻. Linnaeite, also rare, adopts the [[spinel]] motif.<ref>{{cite book |title=Chemistry of the Elements |last=Greenwood |first=Norman N. |author2=Earnshaw, Alan |year=1984 |publisher=Pergamon Press |location=Oxford |isbn=978-0-08-022057-4 }}</ref> The Co₉S₈ compound is known as a very rare cobaltpentlandite (the Co analogue of [[pentlandite]]).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mindat.org/ |title=Home |website=mindat.org}}</ref> Mixed metal sulfide minerals include [[carrollite]] (CuCo₂S₄) and [[siegenite]] (Co_3−xNi_xS₄).

CoS is known as jaipurite. However, this species is questionable.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.mindat.org/min-7119.html | title=Jaipurite }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.ima-mineralogy.org/Minlist.htm | title=List of Minerals | date=21 March 2011 }}</ref>

Cobalt sulfide minerals are converted to cobalt via roasting and extraction into aqueous acid. In some processes, cobalt salts are purified by precipitation when aqueous solutions of cobalt(II) ions are treated with [[hydrogen sulfide]]. Not only is this reaction useful in the purification of cobalt from its ores, but also in [[qualitative inorganic analysis]].<ref name=Ullmann/>

==Applications and research==

In combination with molybdenum, the sulfides of cobalt are used as catalysts for the industrial process called [[hydrodesulfurization]], which is implemented on a large scale in [[Oil refinery|refineries]]. Synthetic cobalt sulfides are widely investigated as electrocatalysts.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Mathew|first1=Simon|last2=Yella|first2=Aswani|last3=Gao|first3=Peng|last4=Humphry-Baker|first4=Robin|last5=Curchod|first5=Basile F. E.|last6=Ashari-Astani|first6=Negar|last7=Tavernelli|first7=Ivano|last8=Rothlisberger|first8=Ursula|last9=Nazeeruddin|first9=Md. Khaja|title=Dye-sensitized solar cells with 13% efficiency achieved through the molecular engineering of porphyrin sensitizers|journal=Nature Chemistry|volume=6|issue=3|pages=242–247|doi=10.1038/nchem.1861|pmid=24557140|year=2014|bibcode=2014NatCh...6..242M|url=https://zenodo.org/record/12536}}</ref>

==Selected literature==

*{{Cite journal|last1=Congiu|first1=M.|last2=Albano|first2=L. G. S.|last3=Decker|first3=F.|last4=Graeff|first4=C. F. O.|date=2015-01-01|title=Single precursor route to efficient cobalt sulphide counter electrodes for Dye-sensitized solar cells|journal=Electrochimica Acta|volume=151|pages=517–524|doi=10.1016/j.electacta.2014.11.001}}

*{{Cite journal|last1=Huo|first1=Jinghao|last2=Zheng|first2=Min|last3=Tu|first3=Yongguang|last4=Wu|first4=Jihuai|last5=Hu|first5=Linhua|last6=Dai|first6=Songyuan|date=2015-03-20|title=A high performance cobalt sulfide counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells|journal=Electrochimica Acta|volume=159|pages=166–173|doi=10.1016/j.electacta.2015.01.214}}

*{{Cite journal|last1=Congiu|first1=M.|last2=Albano|first2=L. G. S.|last3=Decker|first3=F.|last4=Graeff|first4=C. F. O.|date=2015-01-01|title=Single precursor route to efficient cobalt sulphide counter electrodes for dye sensitized solar cells|journal=Electrochimica Acta|volume=151|pages=517–524|doi=10.1016/j.electacta.2014.11.001}}

*{{Cite journal|last1=Congiu|first1=Mirko|last2=Lanuti|first2=Alessandro|last3=di Carlo|first3=Aldo|last4=Graeff|first4=Carlos F. O.|date=2015-12-01|title=A novel and large area suitable water-based ink for the deposition of cobalt sulfide films for solar energy conversion with iodine-free electrolytes|journal=Solar Energy|volume=122|pages=87–96|doi=10.1016/j.solener.2015.08.032|bibcode=2015SoEn..122...87C|hdl=11449/177482|hdl-access=free}}

*{{Cite journal|last1=Lin|first1=Jeng-Yu|last2=Liao|first2=Jen-Hung|last3=Wei|first3=Tzu-Chien|date=2011-04-01|title=Honeycomb-like CoS Counter Electrodes for Transparent Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells|journal=Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters|language=en|volume=14|issue=4|pages=D41–D44|doi=10.1149/1.3533917|issn=1099-0062}}

*{{Cite journal|last1=Lin|first1=Jeng-Yu|last2=Liao|first2=Jen-Hung|last3=Chou|first3=Shu-Wei|date=2011-10-01|title=Cathodic electrodeposition of highly porous cobalt sulfide counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells|journal=Electrochimica Acta|volume=56|issue=24|pages=8818–8826|doi=10.1016/j.electacta.2011.07.080}}

*{{Cite journal|last1=Congiu|first1=Mirko|last2=Bonomo|first2=Matteo|last3=Marco|first3=Maria Letizia De|last4=Dowling|first4=Denis P.|last5=Di Carlo|first5=Aldo|last6=Dini|first6=Danilo|last7=Graeff|first7=Carlos F. O.|date=2016-07-16|title=Cobalt Sulfide as Counter Electrode in p-Type Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells|journal=ChemistrySelect|language=en|volume=1|issue=11|pages=2808–2815|doi=10.1002/slct.201600297|issn=2365-6549}}

*{{Cite journal|last1=Nattestad|first1=Andrew|last2=Ferguson|first2=Michael|last3=Kerr|first3=Robert|last4=Cheng|first4=Yi-Bing|last5=Bach|first5=Udo|title=Dye-sensitized nickel(II)oxide photocathodes for tandem solar cell applications|url=http://stacks.iop.org/0957-4484/19/i=29/a=295304?key=crossref.515819ff1b32ffabda841765b89c5970|journal=Nanotechnology|volume=19|issue=29|pages=295304|doi=10.1088/0957-4484/19/29/295304|year=2008|pmid=21730603|bibcode=2008Nanot..19C5304N|s2cid=30601690 |doi-access=free}} {{Dead link|date=July 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

{{Sulfides}}

[[Category:Cobalt(II) compounds]]