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{{chembox
{{chembox
| Verifiedimages = changed
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 402510970
| verifiedrevid = 411560223
| Name = Octafluoropropane
| ImageFile = Octafluoropropane.png
| Name = Octafluoropropane
| ImageFile_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}}
<!-- | ImageSize = 150px -->
| ImageName = Octafluoropropane
| ImageFileL1 = Octafluoropropane.png
| ImageSizeL1 = 130
| IUPACName = Octafluoropropane
| ImageAltL1 = Structural formula of octafluoropropane
| OtherNames = Freon 218<br />Perfluoropropane<br />RC 218, PFC 218<br />R218<br />Flutec PP30<br />genetron 218
| ImageFileR1 = Octafluoropropane 3D ball.png
| ImageSizeR1 = 135
| ImageAltR1 = Ball-and-stick model of octafluoropropane
| PIN = Octafluoropropane
| OtherNames = Freon 218<br />Perfluoropropane<br />RC 218, PFC 218<br />R-218<br />Flutec PP30<br />Genetron 218
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|changed|drugbank}}
| SMILES = FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F
| DrugBank = DB00556
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 31980
| SMILES = FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 6192
| ChemSpiderID = 6192
| PubChem = 6432
| PubChem = 6432
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 1663
| ChEMBL = 1663
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = CK0N3WH0SR
| UNII = CK0N3WH0SR
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| KEGG = D01738
| KEGG = D01738
| InChI = 1/C3F8/c4-1(5,2(6,7)8)3(9,10)11
| InChI = 1/C3F8/c4-1(5,2(6,7)8)3(9,10)11
Line 25: Line 36:
| StdInChIKey = QYSGYZVSCZSLHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| StdInChIKey = QYSGYZVSCZSLHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| CASNo = 76-19-7
| CASNo = 76-19-7
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| RTECS = TZ5255000
| RTECS = TZ5255000
}}
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| C = 3 | F = 8
| Formula = C<sub>3</sub>F<sub>8</sub>
| Appearance = Colorless gas
| MolarMass = 188.02 g/mol
| Density = 8.17&nbsp;g/L
| Appearance = Colorless gas with<br />faintly sweet odor
| Solubility =
| Density = 8.17 g/l, gas
| Solubility =
| MeltingPtC = -147.6
| MeltingPt_notes =
| MeltingPt = -183 °C (90.15 K)
| BoilingPt = -36.7 °C (236.45 K)
| BoilingPtC = -36.7
| BoilingPt_notes =
}}
| CriticalTP=345.05&nbsp;K (71.90&nbsp;°C), 26.8&nbsp;bar
| Viscosity = 0.000125 [[Poise (unit)|Poise]] (0&nbsp;°C)<ref name=enzy>{{cite web | url = http://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/encyclopedia.asp?GasID=47&CountryID=19&LanguageID=2 | title = Encyclopédie des gaz | publisher = air liquide | access-date = 2008-01-22 | archive-date = 2016-03-03 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303235442/http://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/encyclopedia.asp?GasID=47&CountryID=19&LanguageID=2 | url-status = dead }}</ref>
| ThermalConductivity = 13.8&nbsp;mW/(m·K)<ref name=enzy />
| VaporPressure = 792 kPa (21.1&nbsp;°C)<ref name=enzy />
}}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
| Dipole = 0.014 [[Debye|D]]
| Dipole = 0.014&nbsp;[[Debye|D]]
}}
}}
| Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry
|HeatCapacity =149&nbsp;J/(mol·K)
}}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalMSDS =
| ExternalSDS =
| MainHazards = Suffocation
| MainHazards = Simple asphyxiant and greenhouse gas
| NFPA-H = 1
| NFPA-H = 1
| NFPA-F =
| NFPA-F = 0
| NFPA-R =
| NFPA-R = 0
| FlashPt = N/A
| NFPA-S = SA
| FlashPt = N/A
| RSPhrases = R: ?<br /> S: ?
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS04}}
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|280}}
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|410+403}}
}}
}}
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
| Function = [[halocarbon]]s
| OtherFunction_label = [[halocarbon]]s
| OtherFunctn = [[Tetrafluoromethane]]<br />[[Hexafluoroethane]]
| OtherFunction = [[Tetrafluoromethane]]<br />[[Hexafluoroethane]]
| OtherCpds = [[Propane]]
| OtherCompounds = [[Propane]]
}}
}}
}}
}}


'''Octafluoropropane''' (C<sub>3</sub>F<sub>8</sub>) is a [[fluorocarbon]] non-flammable [[greenhouse gas]] that can be produced either by [[electrochemical fluorination]] or by the [[Fowler process]] using [[Cobalt(III) fluoride|cobalt fluoride]].<ref>{{cite journal
'''Octafluoropropane''' (C<sub>3</sub>F<sub>8</sub>) is the [[perfluorocarbon]] counterpart to the hydrocarbon [[propane]]. This non-flammable and non-toxic synthetic substance has applications in [[semiconductor]] production and medicine. It is also an extremely potent [[greenhouse gas]].

| title = Synthesis of Fluorocarbons
==Manufacture==
| author = R. D. Fowler, W. B. Buford III, J. M. Hamilton, Jr., R. G .Sweet, C. E. Weber, J. S. Kasper, and I. Litant
Octafluoropropane can be produced either by [[electrochemical fluorination]] or by the [[Fowler process]] using [[Cobalt(III) fluoride|cobalt fluoride]].<ref>{{cite journal
| journal = Ind. Eng. Chem.
| title = Synthesis of Fluorocarbons
| year = 1947
| vauthors = Fowler RD, Buford III WB, Hamilton Jr JM, Sweet RG, Weber CE, Kasper JS, Litant I
| volume = 39
| journal = Ind. Eng. Chem.
| issue =3
| pages = 292–298
| year = 1947
| volume = 39
| doi = 10.1021/ie50447a612}}</ref>
| issue =3
| pages = 292–298
| doi = 10.1021/ie50447a612
}}</ref>


==Applications==
==Applications==
In the electronics industry, octafluoropropane is mixed with oxygen and used as a [[plasma etching]] material for [[Silicon dioxide|SiO<sub>2</sub>]] layers in semiconductor applications, as oxides are selectively etched versus their metal substrates. <ref>{{cite journal
In the electronics industry, octafluoropropane is mixed with [[oxygen]] and used as a [[plasma etching]] material for [[Silicon dioxide|SiO<sub>2</sub>]] layers in semiconductor applications, as oxides are selectively etched versus their metal substrates.<ref>{{cite journal
| title = Plasma-assisted etching
| title = Plasma-assisted etching
| journal = Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing
| journal = Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing
| volume = 2
| volume = 2
| issue = 1
| issue = 1
| year = 1982
| year = 1982
| doi =10.1007/BF00566856
| doi =10.1007/BF00566856
| pages = 1–41
| pages = 1–41
| author = Coburn, J. W.}}
| author = Coburn, J. W.| s2cid = 95361338
}}
</ref>
</ref>


In medicine, octafluoropropane may compose the gas cores of microbubble contrast agents used in [[contrast-enhanced ultrasound]]. Octafluoropropane microbubbles reflects sound waves well and are used to improve the ultrasound signal backscatter. It is also used in pars plana [[vitrectomy]] procedures where a retina hole or tear is repaired. The gas acts to provide a long-term tamponade, or plug, of a retinal hole/tear and allows re-attachment of the retina to occur over the following several days post-op.
In medicine, octafluoropropane may compose the gas cores of microbubble contrast agents used in [[contrast-enhanced ultrasound]]. Octafluoropropane microbubbles reflect sound waves well and are used to improve the ultrasound signal backscatter.
It is used in eye surgery, such as pars plana [[vitrectomy]] procedures where a [[retina]] hole or tear is repaired. The gas provides a long-term tamponade, or plug, of a retinal hole or tear and allows re-attachment of the retina to occur over the several days following the procedure.


Under the name '''R-218''', octafluoropropane is used in other industries as a component of refrigeration mixtures.
Under the name '''R-218''', octafluoropropane is used in other industries as a component of refrigeration mixtures.


It has been featured in some plans for [[Terraforming of Mars|terraforming Mars]]. With a greenhouse gas effect 24,000 times greater than [[carbon dioxide]] (CO<sub>2</sub>), octafluoropropane could dramatically reduce the time and resources it takes to terraform Mars.<ref>{{cite conference| author =D. Rogers| date =17–21 October 2005| title =Studies in the Future of Experimental Terraforming| conference =56th International Astronautical Congress of the International Astronautical Federation| publisher =International Academy of Astronautics, and the International Institute of Space Law| location =Fukuoka, Japan| url =http://pdf.aiaa.org/preview/CDReadyMIAF05_1429/PVIAC-05-D4.1.06.pdf}}{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
It has featured in some plans for [[terraform]]ing [[Mars]].<ref>{{cite conference
| author = D. Rogers
| coauthors =
| date = 17-21
| year = 2005
| month = October
| title = Studies in the Future of Experimental Terraforming
| conference = 56th International Astronautical Congress of the International Astronautical Federation
| conferenceurl =
| booktitle =
| editor =
| others =
| volume =
| edition =
| publisher = International Academy of Astronautics, and the International Institute of Space Law
| location = Fukuoka, Japan
| pages =
| url = http://pdf.aiaa.org/preview/CDReadyMIAF05_1429/PVIAC-05-D4.1.06.pdf
| format =
| accessdate =
| doi =
| id =
| oclc =
}}</ref>


It is the active liquid in PICO-2L dark matter bubble detector (joined [[PICASSO]] and [[COUPP]] collaborations).
==Liquid phase==
* Liquid density (1.013 bar at boiling point) : 1601 kg/m³
* Liquid/gas equivalent (1.013 bar and 15 °C (59 °F)) : 196 vol/vol


==Gallery==
* Latent heat of vaporization (1.013 bar at boiling point) : 104.25 kJ/kg <ref name=enzy>{{cite web
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200">
| url = http://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/encyclopedia.asp?GasID=47&CountryID=19&LanguageID=2
File:PFC-218 mm.png|PFC-218 measured by the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment ([http://agage.mit.edu/ AGAGE]) in the lower atmosphere ([[troposphere]]) at stations around the world. Abundances are given as pollution free monthly mean mole fractions in [[Parts-per notation|parts-per-trillion]].
| title =Encyclopédie des gaz
</gallery>
| publischer = air liquide}}</ref>

==Gaseous phase==
* Gas density (1.013 bar at boiling point) : 10.3 kg/m³
* Gas density (1.013 bar and 15 °C (59 °F)) : 8.17 kg/m³
* Compressibility Factor (Z) (1.013 bar and 15 °C (59 °F)) : 0.975
* Specific gravity (air = 1) (1.013 bar and 21 °C (70 °F)) : 6.683
* Specific volume (1.013 bar and 21 °C (70 °F)) : 0.125 m³/kg
* Viscosity (1.013 bar and 0 °C (32 °F)) : 0.000125 Poise
* Thermal conductivity (1.013 bar and 0 °C (32 °F)) : 12.728 mW/(m·K)
* Thermal Conductivity, Gas @ 101.325 kPa and 25 °C: 13.8 mW/(m·K)
* Vapour Pressure @ 21.1 °C: 792 kPa <ref name=enzy />

==Major hazards==
*[[Greenhouse gas]]


==References==
==References==
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==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/08/10/eveningnews/main770044.shtml Red Planet Turning Green?]
* [https://www.cbsnews.com/news/red-planet-turning-green/ Red Planet Turning Green?]
* [http://properties.nist.gov/fluidsci/data/r218da.htm Compressed Liquid Densities for octafluoropropane R218]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050421015312/http://properties.nist.gov/fluidsci/data/r218da.htm Compressed Liquid Densities for octafluoropropane R218]


[[Category:Fluorocarbons]]
[[Category:Perfluoroalkanes]]
[[Category:Organofluorides]]
[[Category:Refrigerants]]
[[Category:Refrigerants]]
[[Category:Greenhouse gases]]

[[de:Octafluorpropan]]
[[fr:Octafluoropropane]]
[[zh:八氟丙烷]]
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