Jump to content

AI boom

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The printable version is no longer supported and may have rendering errors. Please update your browser bookmarks and please use the default browser print function instead.

From top, left to right: Time Magazine cover featuring a ChatGPT conversation; mechanical dove image created in Midjourney; AlphaFold 2 performance, experiments, and architecture.
Part of a series on
Artificial intelligence
Major goals
Approaches
Applications
Philosophy
History
Glossary

The AI boom,[1][2] or AI spring,[3][4] is an ongoing period of rapid progress in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) that started in the late 2010s before gaining international prominence in the early 2020s. Examples include protein folding prediction led by Google DeepMind as well as large language models and generative AI applications developed by OpenAI.

History

In 2012, a University of Toronto research team used artificial neural networks and deep learning techniques to lower the error rate below 25% for the first time during the ImageNet challenge for object recognition in computer vision. The event catalyzed the AI boom later that decade, when many alumni of the ImageNet challenge became leaders in the tech industry.[5][6] In March 2016, AlphaGo beat Lee Sedol in a five-game match, marking the first time a computer Go program had beaten a 9-dan professional without handicap. This match led to significant increase in public interest in AI.[7] The generative AI race began in earnest in 2016 or 2017 following the founding of OpenAI and earlier advances made in graphical processing units (GPUs), the amount and quality of training data, generative adversarial networks, diffusion models and transformer architectures.[8][9] In 2018, the Artificial Intelligence Index, an initiative from Stanford University, reported a global explosion of commercial and research efforts in AI. Europe published the largest number of papers in the field that year, followed by China and North America.[10] Technologies such as AlphaFold led to more accurate predictions of protein folding and improved the process of drug development.[11] Economists and lawmakers began to discuss the potential impact of AI more frequently.[12][13] By 2022, large language models (LLMs) saw increased usage in chatbot applications; text-to-image-models could generate images that appeared to be human-made;[14] and speech synthesis software was able to replicate human speech efficiently.[15]

According to metrics from 2017 to 2021, the United States outranks the rest of the world in terms of venture capital funding, the number of startups, and patents granted in AI.[16][17] Scientists who have immigrated to the U.S. play an outsized role in the country's development of AI technology.[18][19] Many of them were educated in China, prompting debates about national security concerns amid worsening relations between the two countries.[20]

Experts have framed AI development as a competition for economic and geopolitical advantage between the United States and China.[21] In 2021, an analyst for the Council on Foreign Relations outlined ways that the U.S. could maintain its position amid progress made by China.[22][23] In 2023, an analyst at the Center for Strategic and International Studies advocated for the U.S. to use its dominance in AI technology to drive its foreign policy instead of relying on trade agreements.[16]

Advances

See also: Progress in artificial intelligence

Biomedical

There have been proposals to use AI to advance radical forms of human life extension.[24]

The AlphaFold 2 score of more than 90 in CASP's global distance test (GDT) is considered a significant achievement in computational biology[25] and great progress towards a decades-old grand challenge of biology.[26] Nobel Prize winner and structural biologist Venki Ramakrishnan called the result "a stunning advance on the protein folding problem",[25] adding that "It has occurred decades before many people in the field would have predicted."[27][28]

The ability to predict protein structures accurately based on the constituent amino acid sequence is expected to accelerate drug discovery and enable a better understanding of diseases.[26][29][30] It went on to note that the AI algorithm could "predict the shape of proteins to within the width of an atom."[30]

Images and videos

An image generated by Stable Diffusion based on the text prompt "a photograph of an astronaut riding a horse"

Text-to-image models captured widespread public attention when OpenAI announced DALL-E, a transformer system, in January 2021.[31] A successor capable of generating complex and realistic images, DALL-E 2, was unveiled in April 2022.[32] An alternative text-to-image model, Midjourney, was released in July 2022.[33] Another alternative, open-source model Stable Diffusion, released in August 2022.[34]

Following other text-to-image models, language model-powered text-to-video platforms such as Runway,[35] OpenAI's Sora, DAMO,[36] Make-A-Video,[37] Imagen Video[38] and Phenaki[39] can generate video from text as well as image prompts.[40]

Language

GPT-3 is a large language model that was released in 2020 by OpenAI and is capable of generating high-quality human-like text.[41] The tool has been credited with spurring and accelerating the A.I. boom following its release.[42][43][44] An upgraded version called GPT-3.5 was used in ChatGPT, which later garnered attention for its detailed responses and articulate answers across many domains of knowledge.[45] A new version called GPT-4 was released on March 14, 2023, and was used in the Microsoft Bing search engine.[46][47] Other language models have been released, such as PaLM and Gemini by Google and LLaMA by Meta Platforms.

In January 2023, DeepL Write, an AI-based tool to improve monolingual texts, was released.[48] In December 2023, Gemini, the latest model by Google, was unveiled, claiming to beat previous state-of-the-art-model GPT-4 on most benchmarks.[49]

Music and voice

In 2016, Google DeepMind unveiled WaveNet, a deep learning network that produced English, Mandarin, and piano music.[50]

In 2020, the non-commercial freeware artificial intelligence web application 15.ai was released.[51][52] 15.ai is credited with popularizing AI voice cloning in content creation, being the first publicly available AI vocal synthesis application and having had a significant impact in multiple Internet fandoms, most notably the My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic and Team Fortress 2 fandoms.[53][54]

ElevenLabs allowed users to upload voice samples and create audio that sounds similar to the samples. The company was criticized[by whom?] after controversial[among whom?] statements were generated based on the vocal styles of celebrities, public officials, and other famous individuals,[55] raising concerns[among whom?] that the technology could make deepfakes even more convincing.[56] An unofficial song created using the voices of musicians Drake and The Weeknd raised questions[among whom?] about the ethics and legality of similar software.[57]

Impact

The AI boom may have a profound cultural, philosophical,[58] religious,[59] economic,[60] and social impact,[61] as questions such as AI alignment,[62] qualia,[58] and the development of artificial general intelligence (AGI)[62] became widely prominent topics of popular discussion.[63] AI has the potential to be applied in various fields, including in education,[64] healthcare,[65] and transportation.[66]

Cultural

During the AI boom, different groups emerged, ranging from the ones that want to accelerate AI development as quickly as possible to those that are more concerned about AI safety and would like to "decelerate".[67]

Business and economy

Big tech viewed the AI boom as both opportunity and threat; Alphabet's Google, for example, realized that ChatGPT could be an innovator's dilemma-like replacement for Google Search. The company merged DeepMind and Google Brain, a rival internal unit, to accelerate its AI research.[68]

The market capitalization of Nvidia, whose GPUs are in high demand to train and use generative AI models, rose to over US$3.3 trillion, making it the world's largest company by market capitalization as of June 19 2024.[69]

In 2023, San Francisco's population increased for the first time in years, with the boom cited as a contributing factor.[70]

Machine learning resources, hardware or software can be bought and licensed off-the-shelf or as cloud platform services.[71] This enables wide and publicly available uses, spreading AI skills.[72] Over half of businesses consider AI to be a top organizational priority and to be the most crucial technological advancement in many decades.[73]

Across industries, generative AI tools are becoming widely available through the AI boom and are increasingly used in businesses across regions.[74] A main area of use is data analytics. Seen as an incremental change, machine learning improves industry performance.[75] Businesses report AI to be most useful in increased process efficiency, improved decision-making and strengthening of existing services and products.[76] Through adoption, AI has already positively influenced revenue generation in multiple business functions. Businesses have experienced revenue increases of up to 16%, mainly in manufacturing, risk management and research and development.[77]

AI and generative AI investments have been increasing with the boom, increasing from $18 billion in 2014 to $119 billion in 2021. Most notably, the share of generative AI investments was around 30% in 2023.[78] Further, generative AI businesses have seen considerable venture capital investments even though regulatory and economic outlooks remain in question.[79]

Tech giants capture the bulk of the monetary gains from AI and act as major suppliers to or customers of private users and other businesses.[80][81]

Concerns

Inaccuracy, cybersecurity and intellectual property infringement are considered to be the main risks associated with the boom, although not many actively attempt to mitigate the risk.[82] Large language models have been criticized for reproducing biases inherited from their training data, including discriminatory biases related to ethnicity or gender.[83] As a dual-use technology, AI carries risks of misuse by malicious actors.[84] As AI becomes more sophisticated, it may eventually become cheaper and more efficient than human workers, which could cause technological unemployment and a transition period of economic turmoil.[85][12] Public reaction to the AI boom has been mixed, with some hailing the new possibilities that AI creates, its sophistication and potential for benefiting humanity;[86][87] while others denounced it for threatening job security[88][89] and for giving 'uncanny' or flawed responses.[90]

Dominance by tech giants

The commercial AI scene is dominated by American Big Tech companies such as Alphabet Inc., Amazon, Apple Inc., Meta Platforms, and Microsoft, whose investments in this area have surpassed those from U.S.-based venture capitalists.[91][92][93] Some of these players already own the vast majority of existing cloud infrastructure, AI chips, and computing power from data centers, allowing them to entrench further in the marketplace.[94][95] AI-related patents have been hoarded by the largest American tech companies as well, with IBM leading the way with 1,200.[96]

Intellectual property

Tech companies such as Meta, OpenAI and Nvidia have been sued by artists, writers, journalists, and software developers for using their work to train AI models.[97][98] Early generative AI chatbots, such as the GPT-1, used the BookCorpus, and books are still the best source of training data for producing high-quality language models. ChatGPT aroused suspicion that its sources included libraries of pirated content after the chatbot produced detailed summaries of every part of Sarah Silverman's The Bedwetter and verbatim excerpts of paywalled content from The New York Times.[99][100]

Likeness and impersonation

See also: Deepfake
A Voice of America video covering potential dangers of AI-generated impersonation, and laws passed in California to combat it.

The ability to generate convincing, personalized messages as well as realistic images may facilitate large-scale misinformation, manipulation, and propaganda.[101]

On April 19, 2024, as part of an ongoing feud with fellow rapper Kendrick Lamar, the artist Drake released the diss track Taylor Made Freestyle, which feature generated vocals imitating the voices of Tupac Shakur and Snoop Dogg.[102] Shakur's estate threatened to sue over the use of Shakur's likeness,[103] saying that it constituted a violation of Shakur's personality rights.

On May 20, 2024, following the release of a demo of updates to OpenAI's ChatGPT Voice Mode feature a week earlier,[104][105] actor Scarlett Johansson issued a statement[106][107] in relation to the "Sky" voice shown in the demo, accusing OpenAI of producing it to be very similar to her own, and her portrayal of the artificial intelligence voice assistant Samantha in the film Her (2013), despite Johansson refusing an earlier offer from the company to provide her voice for the system. The unnamed voice actress who voiced Sky has stated she was coached to sound like Johansson, and used her natural speaking voice.[108]

Several incidents involving sharing of non-consensual deepfake pornography have occurred. In late January 2024, deepfake images of American musician Taylor Swift proliferated. Several experts have warned that deepfake pornography is more quickly created and disseminated, due to the relative ease of using the technology.[109] Canada introduced federal legislation targeting sharing of non-consensual sexually explicit AI-generated photos; most provinces already had such laws.[110] In the United States, the DEFIANCE Act was introduced in March 2024.[111]

Environment

A large amount of electricity is needed to power generative AI products, making it more difficult for companies to achieve net zero emissions. From 2019 to 2024, Google's greenhouse gas emissions increased by 50%.[112]

Biosecurity and cybersecurity

AI is expected by researchers of the Center for AI Safety to improve the "accessibility, success rate, scale, speed, stealth and potency of cyberattacks", potentially causing "significant geopolitical turbulence" if it reinforces attack more than defense.[84][113] Concerns have been raised about the potential capability of future AI systems to engineer particularly lethal and contagious pathogens.[114][115]

The AI boom is said to have started an arms race in which large companies are competing against each other to have the most powerful AI model on the market, with speed and profit prioritized over safety and user protection.[116][117][118]

Sentience and human extinction

Further information: AI takeover

Rapid progress in artificial intelligence has also sparked interest in whether some future AI systems will be sentient or otherwise worthy of moral consideration,[119] and whether they should be granted rights.[120]

Industry leaders have further warned in the statement on AI risk of extinction that humanity might irreversibly lose control over a sufficiently advanced artificial general intelligence.[121]

See also

References

  1. ^ Knight, Will. "Google's Gemini Is the Real Start of the Generative AI Boom". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved December 12, 2023.
  2. ^ Meredith, Sam (December 6, 2023). "A 'thirsty' generative AI boom poses a growing problem for Big Tech". CNBC. Retrieved December 12, 2023.
  3. ^ Bommasani, Rishi (March 17, 2023). "AI Spring? Four Takeaways from Major Releases in Foundation Models". Stanford Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence. Archived from the original on May 7, 2023. Retrieved May 16, 2023.
  4. ^ "The coming of AI Spring". www.mckinsey.com. Retrieved December 7, 2023.
  5. ^ "The data that transformed AI research—and possibly the world". Quartz. July 26, 2017.
  6. ^ Lohr, Steve (November 30, 2017). "A.I. Will Transform the Economy. But How Much, and How Soon?". The New York Times.
  7. ^ "Match 1 – Google DeepMind Challenge Match: Lee Sedol vs AlphaGo". YouTube. March 8, 2016. Archived from the original on March 29, 2017. Retrieved March 9, 2016.
  8. ^ "Everything You Need To Know About The Artificial Intelligence Boom". Nasdaq.com. Investing Daily. August 22, 2018.
  9. ^ "Why am I not terrified of AI?". Shtetl-Optimized. March 6, 2023. Archived from the original on May 12, 2023. Retrieved March 19, 2023.
  10. ^ Statt, Nick (December 12, 2018). "The AI boom is happening all over the world, and it's accelerating quickly". The Verge.
  11. ^ Wong, Matteo (December 11, 2023). "Science Is Becoming Less Human". The Atlantic. Retrieved December 12, 2023.
  12. ^ a b Lohr, Steve (November 30, 2017). "A.I. Will Transform the Economy. But How Much, and How Soon?". The New York Times.
  13. ^ "Nine charts that really bring home just how fast AI is growing". MIT Technology Review.
  14. ^ Vincent, James (May 24, 2022). "All these images were generated by Google's latest text-to-image AI". The Verge. Archived from the original on February 15, 2023. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  15. ^ Cox, Joseph (January 31, 2023). "AI-Generated Voice Firm Clamps Down After 4chan Makes Celebrity Voices for Abuse". Vice. Archived from the original on May 7, 2023. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  16. ^ a b Frank, Michael (September 22, 2023). "US Leadership in Artificial Intelligence Can Shape the 21st Century Global Order". The Diplomat. Retrieved December 8, 2023.
  17. ^ "Global AI Vibrancy Tool". Artificial Intelligence Index. Stanford, California: Stanford University.
  18. ^ Gold, Ashley (June 27, 2023). "Exclusive: Immigrants play outsize role in the AI game". Axios. Retrieved December 12, 2023.
  19. ^ Ellis, Lindsay (October 23, 2023). "Dropping Out of College to Join the AI Gold Rush". WSJ (Wall Street Journal). New York, New York. Retrieved December 12, 2023.
  20. ^ Mozur, Paul; Metz, Cade (June 9, 2020). "A U.S. Secret Weapon in A.I.: Chinese Talent". The New York Times.
  21. ^ "What Is Artificial Intelligence (AI)?". Council on Foreign Relations.
  22. ^ "Lauren A. Kahn | Council on Foreign Relations". January 3, 2022. Archived from the original on January 3, 2022.
  23. ^ Kahn, Lauren (October 28, 2021). "U.S. Leadership in Artificial Intelligence Is Still Possible". Council on Foreign Relations.
  24. ^ Batin, Michael; Turchin, Alexey; Markov, Sergey; Zhila, Alisa; Denkenberger, David (December 1, 2017). "Artificial intelligence in life extension: From deep learning to superintelligence". Informatica.
  25. ^ a b Robert F. Service, 'The game has changed.' AI triumphs at solving protein structures, Science, 30 November 2020.
  26. ^ a b Callaway, Ewen (November 30, 2020). "'It will change everything': DeepMind's AI makes gigantic leap in solving protein structures". Nature. 588 (7837): 203–204. Bibcode:2020Natur.588..203C. doi:10.1038/d41586-020-03348-4. PMID 33257889. S2CID 227243204.
  27. ^ "AlphaFold: a solution to a 50-year-old grand challenge in biology". Deepmind. November 30, 2020. Retrieved November 30, 2020.
  28. ^ Nerlich, Brigitte (December 4, 2020). "Protein folding and science communication: Between hype and humility". Making Science Public. Retrieved February 29, 2024.
  29. ^ Hubbard, Tim (December 7, 2020). "The secret of life, part 2: the solution of the protein folding problem". Medium. Retrieved February 29, 2024.
  30. ^ a b "DeepMind's protein-folding AI has solved a 50-year-old grand challenge of biology". MIT Technology Review. Retrieved November 30, 2020.
  31. ^ Coldewey, Devin (January 5, 2021). "OpenAI's DALL-E creates plausible images of literally anything you ask it to". TechCrunch. Archived from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  32. ^ Coldewey, Devin (April 6, 2022). "New OpenAI tool draws anything, bigger and better than ever". TechCrunch. Archived from the original on May 6, 2023. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  33. ^ Pandey, Mohit (July 22, 2023). "One Year of Midjourney: A Psychedelic Image Generator to Realistic Photo Album". Analytics India Magazine. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
  34. ^ "Stable Diffusion Public Release". Stability AI. Archived from the original on August 30, 2022. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  35. ^ "Gen-1: The Next Step Forward for Generative AI".
  36. ^ "ModelScope 魔搭社区". modelscope.cn. Archived from the original on May 9, 2023. Retrieved March 20, 2023.
  37. ^ kumar, Ashish (October 3, 2022). "Meta AI Introduces 'Make-A-Video': An Artificial Intelligence System That Generates Videos From Text". MarkTechPost. Archived from the original on December 1, 2022. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  38. ^ Edwards, Benj (October 5, 2022). "Google's newest AI generator creates HD video from text prompts". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on February 7, 2023. Retrieved October 25, 2022.
  39. ^ "Phenaki". phenaki.video. Archived from the original on October 7, 2022. Retrieved October 3, 2022.
  40. ^ Edwards, Benj (September 9, 2022). "Runway teases AI-powered text-to-video editing using written prompts". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on January 27, 2023. Retrieved September 12, 2022.
  41. ^ Sagar, Ram (June 3, 2020). "OpenAI Releases GPT-3, The Largest Model So Far". Analytics India Magazine. Archived from the original on August 4, 2020. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  42. ^ Hsu, Tiffany; Myers, Steven Lee (May 18, 2023). "Another Side of the A.I. Boom: Detecting What A.I. Makes". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 21, 2024.
  43. ^ Erdenesanaa, Delger (October 10, 2023). "A.I. Could Soon Need as Much Electricity as an Entire Country". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 21, 2024.
  44. ^ "OpenAI rival says AI tech needs more Asia localization". Nikkei Asia. Retrieved February 21, 2024.
  45. ^ Lock, Samantha (December 5, 2022). "What is AI chatbot phenomenon ChatGPT and could it replace humans?". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on January 16, 2023. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  46. ^ Lardinois, Frederic (March 14, 2023). "Microsoft's new Bing was using GPT-4 all along". TechCrunch. Archived from the original on March 15, 2023. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  47. ^ Derico, Ben; Kleinman, Zoe (March 14, 2023). "OpenAI announces ChatGPT successor GPT-4". BBC News. Archived from the original on May 15, 2023. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  48. ^ Ziegener, Daniel (January 17, 2023). "DeepL Write: Brauchen wir jetzt noch eine menschliche Lektorin?". Golem.de. Archived from the original on February 6, 2023. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  49. ^ "Gemini". DeepMind. Retrieved December 8, 2023.
  50. ^ Robertson, Adi (September 9, 2016). "Google's DeepMind AI fakes some of the most realistic human voices yet". The Verge.
  51. ^ Zwiezen, Zack (January 18, 2021). "Website Lets You Make GLaDOS Say Whatever You Want". Kotaku. Archived from the original on January 17, 2021. Retrieved January 18, 2021.
  52. ^ Ruppert, Liana (January 18, 2021). "Make Portal's GLaDOS And Other Beloved Characters Say The Weirdest Things With This App". Game Informer. Archived from the original on January 18, 2021. Retrieved January 18, 2021.
  53. ^ Clayton, Natalie (January 19, 2021). "Make the cast of TF2 recite old memes with this AI text-to-speech tool". PC Gamer. Archived from the original on January 19, 2021. Retrieved January 19, 2021.
  54. ^ Morton, Lauren (January 18, 2021). "Put words in game characters' mouths with this fascinating text to speech tool". Rock, Paper, Shotgun. Archived from the original on January 18, 2021. Retrieved January 18, 2021.
  55. ^ Jimenez, Jorge (January 31, 2023). "AI company promises changes after 'voice cloning' tool used to make celebrities say awful things". PC Gamer. Archived from the original on April 4, 2023. Retrieved February 3, 2023.
  56. ^ Chopra, Anuj; Salem, Saladin (February 1, 2023). "Seeing is believing? Global scramble to tackle deepfakes". Yahoo News. Archived from the original on February 3, 2023. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  57. ^ Coscarelli, Joe (April 19, 2023). "An A.I. Hit of Fake 'Drake' and 'The Weeknd' Rattles the Music World". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 15, 2023. Retrieved May 16, 2023.
  58. ^ a b Huckins, Grace (October 16, 2023). "Minds of machines: The great AI consciousness conundrum". MIT Technology Review. Retrieved December 12, 2023.
  59. ^ Robertson, Derek (July 18, 2023). "The religious mystery of AI". POLITICO. Retrieved December 12, 2023.
  60. ^ Lu, Yiwen (June 14, 2023). "Generative A.I. Can Add $4.4 Trillion in Value to Global Economy, Study Says". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 12, 2023.
  61. ^ Tomašev, Nenad; Cornebise, Julien; Hutter, Frank; Mohamed, Shakir; Picciariello, Angela; Connelly, Bec; Belgrave, Danielle C. M.; Ezer, Daphne; Haert, Fanny Cachat van der; Mugisha, Frank; Abila, Gerald; Arai, Hiromi; Almiraat, Hisham; Proskurnia, Julia; Snyder, Kyle (May 18, 2020). "AI for social good: unlocking the opportunity for positive impact". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 2468. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.2468T. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-15871-z. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7235077. PMID 32424119.
  62. ^ a b Tong, Anna; Dastin, Jeffrey; Hu, Krystal (November 23, 2023). "OpenAI researchers warned board of AI breakthrough ahead of CEO ouster, sources say". Reuters. Retrieved December 12, 2023.
  63. ^ Milmo, Dan (October 24, 2023). "Hope or horror? The great AI debate dividing its pioneers". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved December 12, 2023.
  64. ^ Sloyan, Tigran (January 2, 2024). "Generative AI: Transforming education into a personalized, addictive learning experience". TechCrunch. Retrieved February 4, 2024.
  65. ^ Ramraj, Anupriya (December 4, 2023). "Transforming Healthcare With Generative AI". Forbes. Retrieved February 4, 2024.
  66. ^ Hern, Alex (June 7, 2023). "'What should the limits be?' The father of ChatGPT on whether AI will save humanity – or destroy it". The Guardian. London, England. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved February 4, 2024.
  67. ^ Roose, Kevin (December 10, 2023). "This A.I. Subculture's Motto: Go, Go, Go". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 11, 2023.
  68. ^ Kantrowitz, Alex (March 29, 2004). "Can Demis Hassabis Save Google?". Big Technology. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
  69. ^ Hur, Krystal (June 19, 2024). "Nvidia surpasses Microsoft to become the largest public company in the world". CNN. Archived from the original on June 19, 2024. Retrieved June 19, 2024.
  70. ^ "Is pandemic exodus over? SF population slightly increasing, Census Bureau numbers show". ABC7 News. March 15, 2024.
  71. ^ Brynjolfsson, Erik; McAfee, Andrew (July 18, 2017). "The Business of Artificial Intelligence". Harvard Business Review. ISSN 0017-8012. Retrieved April 23, 2024.
  72. ^ Brynjolfsson, Erik; McAfee, Andrew (July 18, 2017). "The Business of Artificial Intelligence". Harvard Business Review. ISSN 0017-8012. Retrieved April 23, 2024.
  73. ^ "2023: Time to Act". Wavestone. Retrieved April 23, 2024.
  74. ^ "The state of AI in 2023: Generative AI's breakout year | McKinsey". www.mckinsey.com. Retrieved April 23, 2024.
  75. ^ Davenport & Harris, Thomas & Jeanne (August 29, 2017). Competing on analytics. Harvard Business Press. ISBN 978-1633693739.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  76. ^ "Becoming an AI-fueled organization, State of AI in the Enterprise, 4th Edition". Deloitte Insights. Retrieved April 23, 2024.
  77. ^ "The state of AI in 2023: Generative AI's breakout year | McKinsey". www.mckinsey.com. Retrieved April 23, 2024.
  78. ^ "1.1 Generative AI stats on fundraising for AI companies by year (Copy) (update)". datawrapper.dwcdn.net. Retrieved April 23, 2024.
  79. ^ Se & Ansari, Ksenia & Tasmia (November 3, 2023). "Jasper AI: A dilemma of a thin wrapper".
  80. ^ "Infographic: Microsoft and Amazon Dominate the Cloud". Statista Daily Data. July 26, 2023. Retrieved April 23, 2024.
  81. ^ Jacobides, Michael G.; Brusoni, Stefano; Candelon, Francois (December 2021). "The Evolutionary Dynamics of the Artificial Intelligence Ecosystem". Strategy Science. 6 (4): 412–435. doi:10.1287/stsc.2021.0148. hdl:20.500.11850/512872. ISSN 2333-2050.
  82. ^ "The state of AI in 2023: Generative AI's breakout year | McKinsey". www.mckinsey.com. Retrieved April 23, 2024.
  83. ^ Knapton, Ken. "Council Post: Navigating The Biases In LLM Generative AI: A Guide To Responsible Implementation". Forbes. Retrieved March 23, 2024.
  84. ^ a b Hendrycks, Dan; Mazeika, Mantas; Thomas Woodside (June 21, 2023). "An Overview of Catastrophic AI Risks". arXiv:2306.12001 [cs.CY].
  85. ^ "The AI boom: lessons from history". The Economist.
  86. ^ Eapen, Tojin T.; Finkenstadt, Daniel J.; Folk, Josh; Venkataswamy, Lokesh (June 16, 2023). "How Generative AI Can Augment Human Creativity". Harvard Business Review. Cambridge, Massachusetts. ISSN 0017-8012. Retrieved June 20, 2023.
  87. ^ Sukhadeve, Ashish (February 9, 2021). "Council Post: Artificial Intelligence For Good: How AI Is Helping Humanity". Forbes. Archived from the original on May 9, 2023. Retrieved May 16, 2023.
  88. ^ "Could AI advancements be a threat to your job security?". Learning People. Archived from the original on May 9, 2023. Retrieved May 16, 2023.
  89. ^ Zinkula, Jacob; Mok, Aaron (June 4, 2023). "ChatGPT may be coming for our jobs. Here are the 10 roles that AI is most likely to replace". Business Insider. Archived from the original on May 9, 2023. Retrieved May 16, 2023.
  90. ^ McKendrick, Joe (May 17, 2020). "No matter how sophisticated, artificial intelligence systems still need human oversight". ZDNET. Archived from the original on May 10, 2023. Retrieved May 16, 2023.
  91. ^ Hammond, George (December 27, 2023). "Big Tech is spending more than VC firms on AI startups". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on January 10, 2024.
  92. ^ Wong, Matteo (October 24, 2023). "The Future of AI Is GOMA". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on January 5, 2024.
  93. ^ "Big tech and the pursuit of AI dominance". The Economist. March 26, 2023. Archived from the original on December 29, 2023.
  94. ^ Fung, Brian (December 19, 2023). "Where the battle to dominate AI may be won". CNN Business. Archived from the original on January 13, 2024.
  95. ^ Metz, Cade (July 5, 2023). "In the Age of A.I., Tech's Little Guys Need Big Friends". The New York Times.
  96. ^ Steiner, Christopher. "Companies With Most AI Patents". Index42. Retrieved November 8, 2024.
  97. ^ Kafka, Peter (February 1, 2023). "The AI boom is here, and so are the lawsuits". Vox. Archived from the original on May 9, 2023. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  98. ^ Broersma, Matthew (March 12, 2024). "Nvidia Sued By Authors For Training AI With Copyrighted Works". Silicon UK.
  99. ^ "Sarah Silverman and novelists sue ChatGPT-maker OpenAI for ingesting their books". AP News. July 12, 2023.
  100. ^ Morales, James (January 3, 2024). "Journalism Fights Back". CCN.com.
  101. ^ Verma, Pranshu (December 18, 2023). "The rise of AI fake news is creating a 'misinformation superspreader'". Washington Post. Washington, D.C. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved February 4, 2024.
  102. ^ Peters, Mitchell (April 20, 2024). "Drake Takes Aim at Kendrick Lamar With AI Tupac & Snoop Dogg Vocals on 'Taylor Made Freestyle' Diss Track". Billboard. Archived from the original on April 23, 2024. Retrieved April 24, 2024.
  103. ^ Donahue, Bill (April 24, 2024). "Tupac Shakur's Estate Threatens to Sue Drake Over Diss Track Featuring AI-Generated Tupac Voice". Billboard. Archived from the original on April 24, 2024. Retrieved April 25, 2024.
  104. ^ OpenAi (May 14, 2024). Live demo of GPT4-o voice variation. Retrieved May 21, 2024 – via YouTube.
  105. ^ Tong, Anna; Sriram, Akash (May 15, 2024). "OpenAI unveils new AI model as competition heats up". Reuters. Retrieved May 21, 2024.
  106. ^ @BobbyAllyn (May 20, 2024). "Statement from Scarlett Johansson on the OpenAI situation. Wow" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  107. ^ Knight, Will (May 20, 2024). "Scarlett Johansson Says OpenAI Ripped Off Her Voice for ChatGPT". Wired. Retrieved May 21, 2024.
  108. ^ Gin, Gina (June 17, 2024). "Scarlett Johansson and Sam Altman Revisited: "Sky" is the Limit". The Servitor. Retrieved September 3, 2024.
  109. ^ Charlebois, Brieanna (February 3, 2024). "AI makes deepfake pornography more accessible, as Canadian laws play catch-up". CBC News. Archived from the original on March 10, 2024. Retrieved March 10, 2024.
  110. ^ "Liberals intend to include sexually explicit deepfakes under online harms bill". CTVNews. February 7, 2024. Retrieved March 10, 2024.
  111. ^ "AOC's Plan to End Deepfake Porn". Yahoo News. March 5, 2024. Retrieved March 11, 2024.
  112. ^ Milmo, Dan (July 2, 2024). "Google's emissions climb nearly 50% in five years due to AI energy demand". The Guardian.
  113. ^ Ortiz, Sabrina (November 9, 2023). "Watch out: Generative AI will level up cyber attacks, according to new Google report". ZDNET. Retrieved February 4, 2024.
  114. ^ Sankaran, Vishwam (September 7, 2023). "AI can help generate synthetic viruses and spark pandemics, warns ex-Google executive". The Independent. Retrieved February 4, 2024.
  115. ^ Piper, Kelsey (June 21, 2023). "How AI could spark the next pandemic". Vox. Retrieved March 23, 2024.
  116. ^ Chow, Andrew R.; Perrigo, Billy (February 17, 2023). "The AI Arms Race Is Changing Everything". Time.
  117. ^ "A Race to Extinction: How Great Power Competition Is Making Artificial Intelligence Existentially Dangerous". Harvard International Review. September 8, 2023. Retrieved March 23, 2024.
  118. ^ "Avoiding Extreme Global Vulnerability as a Core AI Governance Problem". AI Safety Fundamentals. BlueDot Impact. November 8, 2022. Archived from the original on January 16, 2024. Retrieved December 8, 2023.
  119. ^ Kateman, Brian (July 24, 2023). "AI Should Be Terrified of Humans". Time. Retrieved February 4, 2024.
  120. ^ Akst, Daniel (April 10, 2023). "Should Robots With Artificial Intelligence Have Moral or Legal Rights?". The Wall Street Journal.
  121. ^ Roose, Kevin (May 30, 2023). "A.I. Poses 'Risk of Extinction,' Industry Leaders Warn". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 4, 2024.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AI_boom&oldid=1256177878"