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List of driverless train systems

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This is a list of driverless train systems, which are capable of GoA3 and GoA4 (GoA3+) according to the Grade of Automation classifications specified by the standard IEC 62290‐1. These are explained diagrammatically by the UITP. This list focuses heavily on trains in the classical sense used for large-scale railways for passengers and freight but does include a few people mover systems. For a similar list for GoA2, see list of semi-automatic train systems.

Grade-of-Automation 3 systems

[edit]

These systems are capable of driverless train operation (DTO), although some operators may choose to staff trains anyway.

GoA3 – Americas

[edit]
Whereas Docklands Light Railway trains are driverless and do not have a separate cab, there is provision for manual operation
Country/region Name of system Line Date System Notes
Brazil Salvador Metro Line 1 2014 SelTrac[1] [a]
Line 2 2016
São Paulo Metro Line 3 (Red) 2009+[2] ATO[citation needed] [b]
United States Walt Disney World Monorail System 2016 SelTrac

GoA3 – Asia

[edit]
Country/region Name of system Line Date System Notes
China (Mainland) Beijing Subway Capital Airport Express 19 July 2008 Alstom Urbalis 400
Shanghai Pudong Airport APM 16 September 2019 FITSCO JeRail
Shanghai Metro Line 5 June 2018 Thales, Shanghai Electric TSTCBTC2.0 Initially operated in GoA1 (Manual operation) [c][4]
Line 17 30 December 2017 CASCO TRANAVI [5]
Wuhan Metro Yangluo line 26 December 2017 CASCO [6]
Indonesia Soekarno–Hatta Airport Skytrain 2020 SiLSafe 5000 [d]
Japan Disney Resort Line 27 July 2001
Pakistan Lahore Metro Orange Line 25 October 2020 CASCO (Alstom)
Singapore Sentosa Express November 2017 Hitachi Moving Block Wireless CBTC

GoA3 – Europe

[edit]
Country/region Name of system Line Date System Notes
Hungary Budapest Metro Line 2 2013 Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC [e]
Spain Barcelona Metro Line 11 2009 Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC
United Kingdom Docklands Light Railway 31 August 1987 SelTrac [f]

Grade-of-Automation 4 systems

[edit]

These systems are capable of unattended train operation (UTO), although some operators may choose to staff trains anyway.

GoA4 – Americas

[edit]
GTAA LINK
Country/region Name of system Line Date System Notes
Brazil Porto Alegre Metro Metro-Airport Connection 10 August 2013 Aeromovel
São Paulo Metro Line 1 (Blue) 3 July 2022 Alstom Urbalis CBTC [7]
Line 2 (Green) 2 March 2020
Line 3 (Red) December 2022 (Under Conversion)
Line 4 (Yellow) 25 May 2010 Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC First completely driverless metro line in Latin America.[8]
Line 5 (Lilac) 12 March 2017 Bombardier CITYFLO 650 [g]
Line 15 (Silver) 30 August 2014 Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Canada LINK Train 6 July 2006 DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car
SkyTrain (Vancouver) Expo Line 11 December 1985 SelTrac The longest driverless network in the Americas, at 79.6 km.[9]
Millennium Line 7 January 2002
Canada Line 17 August 2009
REM (Réseau Express Metropolitain) 31 July 2023 (Partially opened; rest of the line under construction) Alstom Urbalis 400
Chile Santiago Metro Line 3 22 January 2019 Thales SelTrac [10]
Line 6 2 November 2017
Mexico Aerotrén 2007 DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car
Peru Lima Metro Line 2 21 December 2023 AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro / Ansaldo STS CBTC [11]
United States AeroTrain 20 January 2010 Mitsubishi Crystal Mover[12] / Thales SelTrac[13]
Airport Transit System 6 May 1993 VAL system
AirTrain JFK 17 December 2003 SelTrac
AirTrain Newark 31 May 1996 SelTrac
AirTrain SFO 24 February 2003 Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Aria Express 1 December 2009 DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car
Bay Area Rapid Transit Oakland Airport Connector 22 November 2014 DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car
Cincinnati Airport People Mover 9 June 1994 Otis Hovair
Detroit People Mover 31 July 1987 SelTrac [14]
DFW Skylink 21 May 2005 Bombardier CITYFLO 650
DIA Automated Guideway Transit 28 February 1995 Bombardier CITYFLO 550
ExpressTram 24 February 2002 Otis Hovair
George Bush Intercontinental Airport People Movers Skyway 24 May 1999 Bombardier CITYFLO 550
Subway 1969 WEDway [h]
Getty Center Tram 1997 Otis Hovair
Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport People Movers The Plane Train 21 September 1980 Bombardier CITYFLO 550
ATL Skytrain 8 December 2009 Mitsubishi Crystal Mover[15] / Kyosan[16]
Skyline (Honolulu) 30 June 2023 Hitachi Rail Italy Driverless Metro / DTG [17]
Huntsville Hospital Tram System 19 June 2002 Otis Hovair
Jacksonville Skyway 1989 SelTrac
Las Vegas Monorail 2004 SelTrac
Mandalay Bay Tram 9 April 1999 DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car
Harry Reid International Airport Automated People Movers Green Line 1985 Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Blue Line 1998
Red Line 2012
Memphis Suspension Railway 1982
Miami International Airport People Movers MIA e Train 1980 MiniMetro [i]
Skytrain 15 September 2010 Mitsubishi Crystal Mover
MIA Mover 9 September 2011
Miami Metromover 17 April 1986 Bombardier CITYFLO 550
Minneapolis–St. Paul Airport Trams Hub Tram 3 April 2001 Otis Hovair
'C' Concourse People Mover 5 May 2004
Morgantown Personal Rapid Transit 1975 proprietary (1975-2014), SelTrac (2014-present)
Orlando International Airport People Movers Airside systems 1981 Mitsubishi Crystal Mover
Intermodal Terminal system 2017
PHX Sky Train 8 April 2013 Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Pittsburgh International Airport People Mover 1 October 1992 Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Satellite Transit System 1973 Bombardier CITYFLO 650
SMF Automated People Mover 6 October 2011 Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Tampa International Airport People Movers Airside systems 1971 Bombardier CITYFLO 550
Monorail 1991
SkyConnect 2018 Mitsubishi Crystal Mover
Navajo Mine Railroad GE E60 electric locomotives [j]
Venezuela Cabletren Bolivariano 14 August 2013 DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car

GoA4 – Asia

[edit]
A Magenta Line Train waiting at a station in Delhi
Country/region Name of system Line Date System Notes
China (Mainland) Beijing Capital International Airport Terminal 3 People Mover March 2008 Bombardier CITYFLO 550
Beijing Subway Line 11 31 December 2021
Line 17
Line 19
Yanfang line 30 December 2017 BTCT [18]
Daxing Airport Express 26 September 2019 [19]
Chengdu Metro Line 9 18 December 2020 Alstom Urbalis 400 [20]
Chongqing Rail Transit Bishan rubber-tyred tram 16 April 2021 BYD SkyShuttle[broken anchor]
Fuzhou Metro Line 4 27 August 2023
Jinan Metro Line 2 26 March 2021 [21]
Guangzhou Metro APM Line 8 November 2010 Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Nanjing Metro Line 7 28 December 2022 Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC [22][23]
Nanning Metro Line 5 16 December 2021 [24]
Ningbo Rail Transit Line 5 28 December 2021 [25]
Qingdao Metro Line 6 26 April 2024 [26]
Shanghai Metro Line 10 10 April 2010 Alstom/CASCO Urbalis 888[27] Initially operated in GoA2 and GoA3, transitioned to GoA4 in 2020[28]
Line 14 30 December 2021 Thales, Shanghai Electric TSTCBTC2.0 [k][29][4]
Line 15 23 January 2021 Alstom Urbalis 400 [30]
Line 18 26 December 2020
Pujiang line 31 March 2018 Fitsco JeRail [31]
Shaoxing Metro Line 2 26 July 2023
Shenzhen Metro Line 6 Branch 28 November 2022
Line 12
Line 14 28 October 2022 BTCT [32]
Line 16 28 December 2022 CASCO Urbalis 888 [33]
Line 20 28 December 2021 CASCO TRANAVI Qiji [34]
Suzhou Rail Transit Line 5 29 June 2021 Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC [35]
Line 6 29 June 2024
Line 8 10 September 2024
Line 11 24 June 2023 CASCO Urbalis 888 [33]
Taiyuan Metro Line 2 26 December 2020
Tianjin Metro Line 8 28 December 2021 [36]
Line 10 18 November 2022
Line 11 28 December 2023
Wuhan Metro Line 5 26 December 2021 [37]
Line 19 30 December 2023
Wuhu Rail Transit Line 1 3 November 2021
Line 2 28 December 2021
Xi'an Metro Line 16 27 June 2023 CASCO Urbalis 888 [38]
Xi'an Qujiang Sightseeing Monorail 16 January 2015 (closed March 2015)
1 May 2023 (re-opening)
Zhengzhou Metro Line 10 28 September 2023
Line 12 20 December 2023 [39]
Zhengxu line 28 December 2023
Hong Kong Hong Kong International Airport Automated People Mover 6 July 1998 SelTrac
MTR Disneyland Resort line 1 August 2005 SelTrac Most trains have an attendant on board
South Island line (East) 28 December 2016 Alstom Urbalis 400 All trains have an attendant on board[40]
India Delhi Metro Pink Line 14 March 2018 Bombardier CITYFLO 650 58.59 km (36.41 mi). Initially with an attendant on board[41]
Magenta Line 25 December 2017 Nippon Signal SPARCS Initially with an attendant on board
Grey Line 4 October 2019 Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Mumbai Metro Line 2 2 April 2022
Line 7
Navi Mumbai Metro Line 1 21 December 2023 Ansaldo STS CBTC
Indonesia Jabodebek LRT LRT Line 1 28 August 2023 Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC [l][42][43]
LRT Line 2
LRT Line 3
Japan Kanazawa Seaside Line 5 July 1989
Kobe New Transit Port Island Line 5 February 1981 World's first GoA4 line
Rokkō Island Line 21 February 1990
Linimo 6 March 2005 World's first unmanned maglev
Osaka Metro Nanko Port Town Line 20 October 1991 Previously used GoA2 from 1981 to 1991
Skyrail Midorizaka Line 28 August 1998 People Mover monorail
Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation Nippori-Toneri Liner 30 March 2008
Wing Shuttle 4 September 1994
Yurikamome 1 November 1995 Mitsubishi Crystal Mover
Macau Macau Light Rapid Transit Taipa Line 10 December 2019 [44]
Malaysia KLIA Aerotrain 1998 Bombardier CITYFLO 550
Rapid KL Kelana Jaya Line 1 September 1998 SelTrac[14] The first GoA4 in Malaysia, at 46.4 km (28.8 mi)
Kajang Line 16 December 2016 Bombardier CITYFLO 650 The second GoA4, at 47 km (29 mi)
Ampang Line 2017 SelTrac [m]
Sri Petaling Line
Putrajaya Line 16 June 2022 Bombardier CITYFLO 650 The fifth GoA4 and the longest in Malaysia, at 57.7 km (35.9 mi)
Melaka Monorail 4 December 2017
Pakistan Lahore Metro Orange Line 25 October 2020 CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive The first driverless metro in Pakistan.
Qatar Doha Metro Red Line 8 May 2019 SelTrac
Green Line 10 December 2019
Gold Line 21 November 2019
Hamad International Airport Shuttle 2014 DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car
Saudi Arabia Princess Nora bint Abdul Rahman University Automated People Mover 2012 AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro / Ansaldo STS DTG [11]
Singapore Changi Airport Skytrain 1990 Kyosan APM [n]
Light Rail Transit (Singapore) Bukit Panjang LRT line 6 November 1999 Bombardier CITYFLO 550
Sengkang LRT line 18 January 2003 Kyosan APM
Punggol LRT line 29 January 2005
Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) North East MRT line 20 June 2003 Alstom Urbalis 300 [o][p]
Circle MRT line 28 May 2009
Downtown MRT line 22 December 2013 Siemens Trainguard Sirius CBTC
North–South MRT line 2017[46] Thales SelTrac Convergence CBTC[47]
East–West MRT line 18 June 2017 (Tuas West extension)
28 May 2018 (whole line)[46]
Thomson–East Coast MRT line 31 January 2020[48] Alstom Urbalis 400
South Korea Busan-Gimhae Light Rail Transit 9 September 2011 SelTrac
Busan Metro Line 4 30 March 2011
Daegu Metro Line 3 23 April 2015
Incheon Airport Maglev 3 February 2016
Incheon Airport Shuttle train 20 June 2008
Incheon Subway Line 2 30 July 2016 SelTrac
Seoul Light Rapid Transit U Line 1 July 2012 VAL system
Everline 26 April 2013 Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Ui LRT 2 September 2017
Gimpo Goldline 28 September 2019 Nippon Signal SPARCS
Sillim Line 28 May 2022
Seoul Metropolitan Subway Shinbundang Line 28 October 2011 SelTrac
Wolmi Sea Train 8 October 2019 Urbanaut
Taiwan Taichung Metro Green Line 25 April 2021 Alstom Urbalis 400
Taipei Metro Wenhu line 28 March 1996 Bombardier CITYFLO 650 [q][r]
New Taipei Metro Circular line 31 January 2020 AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro / Ansaldo STS CBTC Currently operated with attendant on-board[11]
Taoyuan International Airport Skytrain 18 January 2003
Thailand BTS Skytrain Gold Line 16 December 2020 Bombardier CITYFLO 650
MRT (Bangkok) Yellow Line 3 June 2023
Pink Line 21 November 2023 Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Turkey Istanbul Metro Line M5 15 September 2017 Bombardier CITYFLO 650 [s][49]
Line M8 6 January 2023 Bombardier CITYFLO 650
United Arab Emirates Dubai International Airport Automated People Mover Terminal 1 APM 2016
Terminal 3 APM January 2013
Dubai Metro Red Line 9 September 2009 SelTrac [t]
Green Line 9 September 2011
Palm Jumeirah Monorail 30 April 2009

GoA4 – Europe

[edit]
The Lille Metro is operated using fully automated rubber-tyred VAL vehicles
Country/region Name of system Line Date System Notes
Denmark Copenhagen Metro Line M1 19 October 2002 AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro / Ansaldo STS DTG [11]
Line M2
Line M3 29 September 2019 AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro / Ansaldo STS CBTC
Line M4 28 March 2020
France CDGVAL Line 1 3 April 2007 VAL system
Line 2 27 June 2007
Lille Metro Line A 25 April 1983 VAL system First line to use the VAL system
Line B 1 April 1989
Lyon Metro Line B 25 June 2022 Alstom Urbalis 400 [u][v]
Line D 11 December 1992
Orlyval 2 October 1991 VAL system
Paris Metro Line 1 3 November 2011 Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC [u]
Line 4 12 September 2022 [u]
Line 14 15 October 1998
Rennes Metro Line A 15 March 2002 VAL system
Line B 20 September 2022
Toulouse Metro Line A 26 June 1993 VAL system
Line B 30 June 2007
Germany Dortmund H-Bahn 2 May 1984 SIPEM
Düsseldorf Airport SkyTrain 1 July 2002 SIPEM
Munich Airport Satellite Terminal Shuttle Train 2016 Bombardier CITYFLO 650 [50]
Nuremberg U-Bahn Line U2 2 January 2010 [u]
Line U3 14 June 2008
SkyLine 1994 VAL system
Greece Thessaloniki Metro 30 November 2024 Hitachi Rail Italy Driverless Metro
Hungary Budapest Metro Line 4 28 March 2014 Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC [51]
Italy Brescia Metro 2 March 2013 AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro / Ansaldo STS DTG [11]
Marconi Express 18 November 2020 Intamin People Mover P30 [52]
Milan Metro Line 4 26 November 2022 AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro / Ansaldo STS CBTC [11]
Line 5 10 February 2013 AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro / Ansaldo STS DTG
Pisa Mover 2017 MiniMetro
Rome Metro Line C 9 November 2014 AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro / Ansaldo STS DTG [11]
SkyBridge 1999
Turin Metro Line M1 4 February 2006 VAL system [w]
Venice People Mover 19 April 2010 DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car
Russia Automated Passenger Transportation System June 2018 DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car
Spain Barcelona Metro Line 9 13 December 2009 Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC 47.8 km (29.7 mi)
Line 10 10 April 2010
Madrid Barajas Airport People Mover December 2005 Bombardier CITYFLO 550
Switzerland Lausanne Metro Line M2 27 October 2008 Alstom Urbalis 300
Skymetro September 2003 Otis Hovair
Turkey Istanbul Metro Line M7 28 October 2020 Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Line M11 22 January 2023 Aselsan Initially operated in GoA3, transitioned to GoA4 on 3 January 2024[53][54]
United Kingdom AirRail Link 7 March 2003 DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car
Gatwick Airport Shuttle Transit 1987 Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Heathrow Terminal 5 Transit 2008 Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Stansted Airport Transit System 1991 Bombardier CITYFLO 550

GoA4 – Oceania

[edit]
Sydney Metro Alstom Metropolis
Country/region Name of system Line Date System Notes
Australia Pilbara railways Rio Tinto iron ore trains from Roy Hill 28 December 2018 Hitachi AutoHaul [x]
Sydney Metro North West & Bankstown Line 26 May 2019 Alstom Urbalis 400 [y]

Future systems

[edit]

Americas

[edit]
Country/region Name of system Line Date System Notes
Brazil Manaus Monorail SelTrac
São Paulo Metro Line 6 November 2025 Nippon Signal SPARCS [z][58]
Line 17 June 2026 SelTrac [59][60]
Canada Toronto Subway Ontario Line 2031 Hitachi Rail
Chile Santiago Metro Line 7 2027 SelTrac
Line 8
Line 9
Peru Lima Metro Line 4 2025 AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro / Ansaldo STS CBTC [11]

Asia

[edit]
Country/region Name of system Line Date System Notes
China (Mainland) Beijing Subway Line 3 2024 [61]
Line 12
Line 22 2025
Line 28 2029
Guangzhou Metro Line 10 2024-2025 CARS MTC-1 [62]
Line 11
Line 12 [62]
Shanghai Metro Line 19 2027
Line 20 2028
Line 21 2026
Line 23 2027
Shenzhen Metro Line 13 2024 [63][64][65]
Suzhou Rail Transit Line 7 December 2024
Tianjin Metro Line 7 2024
Line B1 2025
Line Z2
Line Z4
Wuhan Metro Line 12 2025
India Mumbai Metro Line 3 October 2024
Line 4 2025
Line 5
Line 6
Line 8
Line 9
Line 10 2028
Line 11
Line 12
Line 13
Line 14 2026
Namma Metro Yellow Line November 2024
Pink Line March 2025
Japan JR East Yamanote Line 2028
Malaysia Rapid KL Shah Alam Line August 2025 Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC
Malaysia /

Singapore

RTS Link 2026
Singapore Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) Jurong Region Line 2027-2029 Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC [66]
Cross Island Line 2030-2032 [67]
South Korea Busan Metro Line 5 2026
Seoul Light Rapid Transit Dongbuk Line 2025
Taiwan New Taipei Metro Sanying line 2025 AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro / Ansaldo STS CBTC [11]
Taoyuan Metro Green Line 2026 Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC
Thailand MRT (Bangkok) Orange Line 2025
Turkey Istanbul Metro Line M12 2025 Bombardier CITYFLO 650 [aa]
Line M13 2028 Bombardier CITYFLO 650 [aa]
Line M14 2025 Bombardier CITYFLO 650 [aa]
İzmir Metro Üçyol-Çamlıkule Line 2026

Europe

[edit]
Country/region Name of system Line Date System Notes
Czech Republic Prague Metro Line C 2028-2030 [ab]
Line D 2031
France Lyon Metro Line A 2035 [ac]
Marseille Metro Line 1 2027 Alstom Urbalis 400 [ad]
Line 2 2026
Paris Métro Line 13 2027–2035 [ae]
Line 15 2025 Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC
Line 16 2026
Line 17
Line 18 Alstom Urbalis Fluence
Toulouse Metro Line C 2028 Alstom Urbalis 400
Greece Athens Metro Line 4 2028 Alstom Urbalis 400
Thessaloniki Metro Line 1 November 2024 AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro / Ansaldo STS CBTC
Line 2 2025
Ireland MetroLink (Dublin) 2035
Spain Madrid Metro Line 6 2026-2029 [af]
Line 8
Sweden Stockholm metro Yellow Line 2034 [56][57]
Switzerland Appenzeller Bahnen RhW 2027 Stadler NOVA Pro
United Kingdom Glasgow Subway 2025 Hitachi Rail STS CBTC [ag][68]

Oceania

[edit]
Country/region Name of system Line Date System Notes
Australia Sydney Metro Sydney Metro West 2030 Alstom Urbalis 400
Western Sydney Airport line 2026 Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC[69]
Suburban Rail Loop (Melbourne) Suburban Rail Loop East 2035

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ With train captains monitoring in cab
  2. ^ With train captains monitoring in cab
  3. ^ UTO system jointly developed by Thales Group and Shanghai Electric.[3]
  4. ^ Previously operated in manual mode
  5. ^ A supervisor is monitoring the train in the cab
  6. ^ To be converted to GoA4
  7. ^ With train captains monitoring in cab.
  8. ^ Rebuilt in 1981
  9. ^ Rebuilt in 2016
  10. ^ This railroad is GoA2 capable, able to run a train without any person on board for the entire trip out to the Four Corners Generating Station and back to the mines.[citation needed]
  11. ^ UTO system jointly developed by Thales Group and Shanghai Electric.[3]
  12. ^ With train attendants to drive trains in the event of a disruption.
  13. ^ With train attendants to drive trains in the event of a disruption.
  14. ^ Original system opened in 1990; upgraded to current system in 2006.
  15. ^ The largest fully automated rapid transit network in the world with 202.4 km (125.8 mi) of automated rail lines.[45] Trains may have an attendant on board. Only North–South line and East–West line has driving cabins.
  16. ^ North–South and East–West lines were converted from a lower GoA to a higher GoA
  17. ^ Previously used VAL
  18. ^ System started with an attendant on board each train full-time. Gradually over time, the presence of attendants decreased. By September 2017, trains have attendants only while in long tunnel sections.
  19. ^ On the Asian side of Istanbul
  20. ^ Red Line at 52.1 km (32.4 mi). The longest driverless network in the Middle East.
  21. ^ a b c d Converted from manual to automated operation
  22. ^ Rubber-tyred trains controlled by a system known as MAGGALY (Métro Automatique à Grand Gabarit de l'Agglomération Lyonnaise).
  23. ^ First fully automatic metro in Italy. First section opened for the 2006 Winter Olympics, completed in 2014.
  24. ^ The Rio Tinto Group "AutoHaul" system on its iron ore railways in the Pilbara.[55] This system is GoA 4 capable, able to run trains without a single person aboard for the entire trip out to the mines and back to the port. In October 2017 the first fully autonomous test took place over a 100 kilometres (62 mi) section.[56] The group was granted accreditation by Australia's Office of the National Rail Safety Regulator, approving the autonomous operation of iron ore trains in the Pilbara region of Western Australia.[57]
  25. ^ First completely driverless metro line in Australia.
  26. ^ GoA4
  27. ^ a b c UTO Fully driverless system.
  28. ^ Upgrade from GoA2 to GoA4
  29. ^ Upgrade from GoA2 to GoA4
  30. ^ Upgrade from GoA2 to GoA4
  31. ^ Upgrade from GoA2 to GoA4
  32. ^ Conversion from manual to driverless operation
  33. ^ Upgrade from GoA2 to GoA4 as part of Subway Modernisation.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Thales Awarded Signalling Contract for News Salvador Metro". Thales Group. 24 March 2014. Retrieved 29 December 2018.
  2. ^ Jackson, Chris (20 February 2009). "Automating Brazil's busiest metro lines". Railway Gazette International. Retrieved 26 June 2024.
  3. ^ a b Briginshaw, David. "Shanghai awards contract for first automated metro line". Retrieved 21 May 2018.
  4. ^ a b "上海5号线TSTCBTC®2.0信号系统成功通过载客运营考核评审 – TST". www.thalessec.com.cn. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
  5. ^ "卡斯柯100%全自主信号护航 上海轨道交通17号线开通载客运营". www.casco.com.cn. Retrieved 10 September 2019.
  6. ^ "武汉地铁进入全自动驾驶时代 5号线有望"尝鲜"" [Wuhan Metro enters the fully driverless era: Line 5 could have "early preview"]. Chutian Metropolis Daily. 16 May 2018. Archived from the original on 13 October 2019. Retrieved 19 February 2019 – via China News Service.
  7. ^ "Relatório de Empreendimentos – Julho/2022". Metrô. 2022. Retrieved 20 September 2022.
  8. ^ "ViaQuatro ganha Prêmio UITP Latino" (in Portuguese).
  9. ^ "Evergreen Extension opening today". 2 December 2016.
  10. ^ "Santiago de Chile brings a new reality to urban mobility with Thales signalling systems | Thales Group". www.thalesgroup.com. 6 November 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2024.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i Betis, Alexander; Torre, Marino; Ghiorzo, Alessandro; Del Gaudio, Giovanni (6 April 2017). "La Linea M4 di Milano: Approfondiamo Gli Aspetti Tecnici – L'evoluzione del sistema di automazione dalla M5 alla M4, evoluzione e non rivoluzione" [The M4 line of Milan: we examine the technical aspects - the evolution of the automation system from M5 to M4, evolution and non-revolution] (PDF). CIFI (in Italian). Collegio Ingegneri Ferroviari Italiani. p. 18. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
  12. ^ "Crystal Mover Services, Inc. | Washington Dulles International Airport". Crystal Mover Services, Inc. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
  13. ^ "USA | Thales Group". www.thalesgroup.com. 16 December 2015. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
  14. ^ a b "The Evolution of CBTC" (PDF). 1 December 2016. Retrieved 27 June 2024.
  15. ^ "Crystal Mover Services, Inc. | Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport". Crystal Mover Services, Inc. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
  16. ^ "KYOSAN HISTORY|History of Kyosan|Company Information | Kyosan Electric Mfg. Co., Ltd". www.kyosan.co.jp. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
  17. ^ "'Skyline' Opens in Honolulu". 30 June 2023. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
  18. ^ "Beijing welcome significant expansion of their urban rail network". Intelligent Transport. Retrieved 29 December 2018.
  19. ^ "建设运营 北京地铁大兴机场线下月底开通". 30 August 2019. Archived from the original on 17 December 2019. Retrieved 15 October 2022.
  20. ^ Ltd, DVV Media International. "Chengdu driverless metro contracts awarded". Metro Report. Archived from the original on 4 July 2018. Retrieved 21 May 2018.
  21. ^ 新浪新闻综合 (19 March 2021). "明日暂不通车!济南地铁2号线预计3月下旬开始初期运营". news.sina.com.cn. Retrieved 29 December 2021.
  22. ^ "西门子交通扩大在华城轨全自动运行信号系统市场_ · 西门子". www.sohu.com. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  23. ^ "新闻稿 | 新闻 | 西门子中国". w1.siemens.com.cn. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  24. ^ "南宁地铁5号线开通!华南地区首条全自动运行地铁". gx.people.com.cn. Retrieved 30 December 2021.
  25. ^ "宁波轨道交通5号线一期12月28日10点开通运营". www.bl.gov.cn. Retrieved 30 December 2021.
  26. ^ "青岛地铁6号线列车自主运行系统(TACS)完成首列样车试验线测试". 上海国际轨道交通展览会 (in Simplified Chinese). Archived from the original on 22 January 2021. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  27. ^ "Urbalis 888国产化列车运行控制系统解决方案". 8 March 2019. Archived from the original on 8 March 2019. Retrieved 6 June 2021.
  28. ^ "上海地铁10号线列车驾驶室接连拆除,发生了什么?". sh.people.com.cn. Retrieved 6 June 2021.
  29. ^ "上海地铁14、15、18号线将全部采用无人驾驶" [Shanghai Metro Lines 14, 15 and 18 will all be unmanned]. Kanxsw.com. 10 October 2018. Retrieved 3 November 2018.
  30. ^ "上海轨道交通14、15、18号线将全部实现无人驾驶". 上海国际轨道交通展览会 (in Simplified Chinese). Archived from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 21 April 2020.
  31. ^ "上海首条全自动运行线路——浦江线开通试运营 - 上海富欣智能交通控制有限公司". www.fitsco.com.cn. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
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