October 1940 lunar eclipse
| Penumbral eclipse | |||||||||
 The Moon's hourly motion shown right to left | |||||||||
| Date | October 16, 1940 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gamma | −1.1925 | ||||||||
| Magnitude | −0.3749 | ||||||||
| Saros cycle | 145 (7 of 71) | ||||||||
| Penumbral | 247 minutes, 58 seconds | ||||||||
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A penumbral lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s descending node of orbit on Wednesday, October 16, 1940,[1] with an umbral magnitude of −0.3749. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A penumbral lunar eclipse occurs when part or all of the Moon's near side passes into the Earth's penumbra. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. Occurring only about 21 hours after apogee (on October 15, 1940, at 11:00 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.[2]
Visibility
[edit]The eclipse was completely visible over North America and western South America, seen rising over East Asia and Australia and setting over eastern South America, West Africa, and Western Europe.[3]
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Eclipse details
[edit]Shown below is a table displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. It describes various parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[4]
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Penumbral Magnitude | 0.71567 |
| Umbral Magnitude | −0.37489 |
| Gamma | −1.19248 |
| Sun Right Ascension | 13h24m23.2s |
| Sun Declination | -08°52'19.1" |
| Sun Semi-Diameter | 16'03.0" |
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 08.8" |
| Moon Right Ascension | 01h25m35.5s |
| Moon Declination | +07°50'26.8" |
| Moon Semi-Diameter | 14'43.0" |
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 0°54'00.7" |
| ΔT | 24.7 s |
Eclipse season
[edit]This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.
| October 1 Ascending node (new moon) |
October 16 Descending node (full moon) |
|---|---|
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| Total solar eclipse Solar Saros 133 |
Penumbral lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 145 |
Related eclipses
[edit]Eclipses in 1940
[edit]- A penumbral lunar eclipse on March 23.
- An annular solar eclipse on April 7.
- A penumbral lunar eclipse on April 22.
- A total solar eclipse on October 1.
- A penumbral lunar eclipse on October 16.
Metonic
[edit]- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of December 28, 1936
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of August 4, 1944
Tzolkinex
[edit]- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of September 4, 1933
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of November 28, 1947
Half-Saros
[edit]- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of October 11, 1931
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of October 21, 1949
Tritos
[edit]- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of November 17, 1929
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of September 15, 1951
Lunar Saros 145
[edit]- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of October 6, 1922
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of October 27, 1958
Inex
[edit]- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of November 6, 1911
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of September 25, 1969
Triad
[edit]- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of December 15, 1853
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of August 17, 2027
Lunar eclipses of 1937–1940
[edit]This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of lunar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[5]
The penumbral lunar eclipse on March 23, 1940 occurs in the next lunar year eclipse set.
| Lunar eclipse series sets from 1937 to 1940 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ascending node | Descending node | |||||||
| Saros | Date Viewing |
Type Chart |
Gamma | Saros | Date Viewing |
Type Chart |
Gamma | |
| 110 | 1937 May 25
|
Penumbral
|
−1.1582 | 115 | 1937 Nov 18
|
Partial
|
0.9421 | |
| 120 | 1938 May 14
|
Total
|
−0.3994 | 125 | 1938 Nov 07
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Total
|
0.2739 | |
| 130 | 1939 May 03
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Total
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0.3693 | 135 | 1939 Oct 28
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Partial
|
−0.4581 | |
| 140 | 1940 Apr 22
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Penumbral
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1.0741 | 145 | 1940 Oct 16
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Penumbral
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−1.1925 | |
Saros 145
[edit]This eclipse is a part of Saros series 145, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 71 events. The series started with a penumbral lunar eclipse on August 11, 1832. It contains partial eclipses from February 24, 2157 through June 3, 2319; total eclipses from June 14, 2337 through November 13, 2589; and a second set of partial eclipses from November 25, 2607 through June 21, 2950. The series ends at member 71 as a penumbral eclipse on September 16, 3094.
The longest duration of totality will be produced by member 34 at 104 minutes, 21 seconds on August 7, 2427. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s descending node of orbit.[6]
| Greatest | First | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The greatest eclipse of the series will occur on 2427 Aug 07, lasting 104 minutes, 21 seconds.[7] | Penumbral | Partial | Total | Central |
| 1832 Aug 11 |
2157 Feb 24 |
2337 Jun 14 |
2373 Jul 05 | |
| Last | ||||
| Central | Total | Partial | Penumbral | |
| 2499 Sep 19 |
2589 Nov 13 |
2950 Jun 21 |
3094 Sep 16 | |
Eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.
| Series members 1–21 occur between 1832 and 2200: | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | |||
| 1832 Aug 11 | 1850 Aug 22 | 1868 Sep 02 | |||
| 4 | 5 | 6 | |||
| 1886 Sep 13 | 1904 Sep 24 | 1922 Oct 06 | |||
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| 7 | 8 | 9 | |||
| 1940 Oct 16 | 1958 Oct 27 | 1976 Nov 06 | |||
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| 10 | 11 | 12 | |||
| 1994 Nov 18 | 2012 Nov 28 | 2030 Dec 09 | |||
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| 13 | 14 | 15 | |||
| 2048 Dec 20 | 2066 Dec 31 | 2085 Jan 10 | |||
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| 16 | 17 | 18 | |||
| 2103 Jan 23 | 2121 Feb 02 | 2139 Feb 13 | |||
| 19 | 20 | 21 | |||
| 2157 Feb 24 | 2175 Mar 07 | 2193 Mar 17 | |||
Tritos series
[edit]This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.
| Series members between 1801 and 2060 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1809 Oct 23 (Saros 133) |
1820 Sep 22 (Saros 134) |
1831 Aug 23 (Saros 135) |
1842 Jul 22 (Saros 136) |
1853 Jun 21 (Saros 137) | |||||
| 1864 May 21 (Saros 138) |
1875 Apr 20 (Saros 139) |
1886 Mar 20 (Saros 140) |
1897 Feb 17 (Saros 141) |
1908 Jan 18 (Saros 142) | |||||
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| 1918 Dec 17 (Saros 143) |
1929 Nov 17 (Saros 144) |
1940 Oct 16 (Saros 145) |
1951 Sep 15 (Saros 146) |
1962 Aug 15 (Saros 147) | |||||
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| 1973 Jul 15 (Saros 148) |
1984 Jun 13 (Saros 149) |
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| 2060 Nov 08 (Saros 156) | |||||||||
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Half-Saros cycle
[edit]A lunar eclipse will be preceded and followed by solar eclipses by 9 years and 5.5 days (a half saros).[8] This lunar eclipse is related to two partial solar eclipses of Solar Saros 152.
| October 11, 1931 | October 21, 1949 |
|---|---|
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See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ "October 15–16, 1940 Penumbral Lunar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 18 December 2024.
- ^ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 18 December 2024.
- ^ "Penumbral Lunar Eclipse of 1940 Oct 16" (PDF). NASA. Retrieved 18 December 2024.
- ^ "Penumbral Lunar Eclipse of 1940 Oct 16". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 18 December 2024.
- ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
- ^ "NASA - Catalog of Lunar Eclipses of Saros 145". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.
- ^ Listing of Eclipses of series 145
- ^ Mathematical Astronomy Morsels, Jean Meeus, p.110, Chapter 18, The half-saros
External links
[edit]- 1940 Oct 16 chart Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA/GSFC
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