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The eclipse shadow on the Earth's surface was at its greatest ...
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== Eclipse path ==
== Eclipse path ==


The eclipse shadow on the Earth's surface had a maximum width of 280 kilometers. It began on the west coast of Central America and crossed the Atlantic Ocean in a northeasterly direction. The shadow passed through [[Nicaragua]] and the island of [[Haiti]]. The maximum duration of the eclipse was in the middle of the North Atlantic at coordinates 46 ° N, 37.2 ° W longitude. It lasted for 5 minutes and 10 seconds.<ref name=TotalityDive> {{cite web |url=http://www.secl.ru/eclipse_catalog/1185_5_1.html |title=The total solar eclipse of May 1, 1185 |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date= |website= Catalog of Solar Eclipses |publisher=Totality Dive |access-date=March 30, 2015}} </ref>
The eclipse shadow on the Earth's surface was at its greatest at 13:18:02 [[Universal Time]]. <ref name=Fred> {{cite web |url=http://www.eclipsewise.com/solar/SEprime/1101-1200/SE1185May01Tprime.html |title= Total Solar Eclipse of 1185 May 01 |last1=Espenak |first1= Fred |last2= |first2= |date= September 19, 2014 |website=EclipseWise.com |publisher=Fred Espenak |access-date=April 2, 2015}} </ref> The Sun is in [[Taurus]] constellation at this time.<ref name=Fred/> The shadow had a maximum width of 280 kilometers. It began on the west coast of Central America and crossed the Atlantic Ocean in a northeasterly direction. The shadow passed through [[Nicaragua]] and the island of [[Haiti]]. The maximum duration of the eclipse was in the middle of the North Atlantic at coordinates 46 ° N, 37.2 ° W longitude. It lasted for 5 minutes and 10 seconds.<ref name=TotalityDive> {{cite web |url=http://www.secl.ru/eclipse_catalog/1185_5_1.html |title=The total solar eclipse of May 1, 1185 |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date= |website= Catalog of Solar Eclipses |publisher=Totality Dive |access-date=March 30, 2015}} </ref>


A partial eclipse came ashore in Scotland, crossed the [[North Sea]] and entered [[Norway]]. After passing through [[Sweden]] the eclipse touched a part of [[Finland]] and covered the northern part of the Baltic Sea at the [[Gulf of Finland]]. The eclipse then entered Russia. The eclipse's shadow touched part of [[St. Petersburg]], as well as [[Novgorod]] and [[Rostov]]. As the eclipse journeyed in a southeasterly direction the shadow passed through [[Nizhny Novgorod|Nizhny]], [[Kazan]], [[Ufa]] and [[Magnitogorsk]]. The eclipse shadow started diminishing when it entered in the Central Asia country of [[Kazakhstan]] and extinguished totally after about 30 miles before reaching [[Astana]].<ref name=NASApath> {{cite web |url=http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEsearch/SEsearchmap.php?Ecl=11850501 |title= Total Solar Eclipse of 1185 May 01 path|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date= 15 Jan 2015 |website=NASA Eclipse Website |publisher=NASA |access-date=March 30, 2015}} </ref>{{sfn|Williams|1996| p=5-9}}<ref> Svyatskiy D.O. "Astronomical Phenomena in Russian chronicles with scientific and critical perspective" in Svyatskiy D.O. ''Астрономия Древней Руси (Astronomy in Ancient Russia)''. Moscow: Panorama, 2007, pp. 45-49 (in Russian). </ref><ref name=FirstGov> {{cite web |url=http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEpubs/5MCSE.html |title=NASA Technical Publication TP-2006-214141 |author=Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus |date=2006 |website=FirstGov |publisher=Heliophysics Science Division, Code 670 / NASA Goddard Space Flight Center / Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA |access-date=March 30, 2015}} </ref>
A partial eclipse came ashore in Scotland, crossed the [[North Sea]] and entered [[Norway]]. After passing through [[Sweden]] the eclipse touched a part of [[Finland]] and covered the northern part of the Baltic Sea at the [[Gulf of Finland]]. The eclipse then entered Russia. The eclipse's shadow touched part of [[St. Petersburg]], as well as [[Novgorod]] and [[Rostov]]. As the eclipse journeyed in a southeasterly direction the shadow passed through [[Nizhny Novgorod|Nizhny]], [[Kazan]], [[Ufa]] and [[Magnitogorsk]]. The eclipse shadow started diminishing when it entered in the Central Asia country of [[Kazakhstan]] and extinguished totally after about 30 miles before reaching [[Astana]].<ref name=NASApath> {{cite web |url=http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEsearch/SEsearchmap.php?Ecl=11850501 |title= Total Solar Eclipse of 1185 May 01 path|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date= 15 Jan 2015 |website=NASA Eclipse Website |publisher=NASA |access-date=March 30, 2015}} </ref>{{sfn|Williams|1996| p=5-9}}<ref> Svyatskiy D.O. "Astronomical Phenomena in Russian chronicles with scientific and critical perspective" in Svyatskiy D.O. ''Астрономия Древней Руси (Astronomy in Ancient Russia)''. Moscow: Panorama, 2007, pp. 45-49 (in Russian). </ref><ref name=FirstGov> {{cite web |url=http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEpubs/5MCSE.html |title=NASA Technical Publication TP-2006-214141 |author=Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus |date=2006 |website=FirstGov |publisher=Heliophysics Science Division, Code 670 / NASA Goddard Space Flight Center / Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA |access-date=March 30, 2015}} </ref>

Revision as of 11:13, 2 April 2015

Solar eclipse of May 1, 1185

The solar eclipse of 1 May 1185 was a total solar eclipse observed in the territories of Central America, Northern Europe, Eastern Europe, and Kazakhstan.

Eclipse path

The eclipse shadow on the Earth's surface was at its greatest at 13:18:02 Universal Time. [1] The Sun is in Taurus constellation at this time.[1] The shadow had a maximum width of 280 kilometers. It began on the west coast of Central America and crossed the Atlantic Ocean in a northeasterly direction. The shadow passed through Nicaragua and the island of Haiti. The maximum duration of the eclipse was in the middle of the North Atlantic at coordinates 46 ° N, 37.2 ° W longitude. It lasted for 5 minutes and 10 seconds.[2]

A partial eclipse came ashore in Scotland, crossed the North Sea and entered Norway. After passing through Sweden the eclipse touched a part of Finland and covered the northern part of the Baltic Sea at the Gulf of Finland. The eclipse then entered Russia. The eclipse's shadow touched part of St. Petersburg, as well as Novgorod and Rostov. As the eclipse journeyed in a southeasterly direction the shadow passed through Nizhny, Kazan, Ufa and Magnitogorsk. The eclipse shadow started diminishing when it entered in the Central Asia country of Kazakhstan and extinguished totally after about 30 miles before reaching Astana.[3][4][5][6]

References in literature

Total solar eclipse representation

The eclipse was mentioned in the Russian Lay of the Host of Igor. It was seen by Prince Igor Svyatoslavich and his army of men whilst on their campaign against the Polovtsians.[7] It was interpreted as a message from God forecasting trouble,[8] and scared Igor's men because it was seen as a bad omen.[9][10] According to the Lay, after the eclipse Igor gave a long speech to his retinue before proceeding on his campaign.[11]

The eclipse is mentioned in the 14th century Laurentian Chronicle with the first detailed description of solar prominences.[12][13][14] They were described as flame-like tongues of live embers:[15][16] "On the first day of the month of May, on the day of the Saint Prophet Jeremiah, on Wednesday, during the evening service, there was a sign in the Sun. It became very dark, even the stars could be seen; it seemed to men as if everything were green, and the Sun became like a crescent of the Moon, from the horns of which a glow similar to that of red-hot charcoals was emanating. It was terrible to see this sign of the Lord." [17][18]

The Melrose Chronicle claims that "stars appeared" at Melrose in Scotland during the eclipse of 1185, but this is doubted by the writer Thomas Cooper who points out that scientific calculations indicate that the eclipse was not total at Melrose.[19] According to astronomer Sheridan Williams there was a probably a drop in temperature that happened at the time of the eclipse, which was around 2 pm in Scotland. He also notes that it is possible that some adults in Scotland saw two total eclipses in their lifetime, since the previous one was 52 years before.[20]

The Brut y Tywysogion, the Welsh Chronicle of the Princes, says of the solar eclipse of 1 May 1185 Yn y ulwyddyn honno dyw Calan Mei y sumudawd yr heul y lliw; ac y dywat rei uot anei diffyc, which translates as: In that year on the day of the Calends of May the Sun changed its colour; and some said that it was under an eclipse. Bryn Jones believes there was a total solar eclipse across the Scottish Highlands, the Western Isles and Orkney.[21][22]

References

Notes

Citations

  1. ^ a b Espenak, Fred (September 19, 2014). "Total Solar Eclipse of 1185 May 01". EclipseWise.com. Fred Espenak. Retrieved April 2, 2015.
  2. ^ "The total solar eclipse of May 1, 1185". Catalog of Solar Eclipses. Totality Dive. Retrieved March 30, 2015.
  3. ^ "Total Solar Eclipse of 1185 May 01 path". NASA Eclipse Website. NASA. 15 Jan 2015. Retrieved March 30, 2015.
  4. ^ Williams 1996, p. 5-9.
  5. ^ Svyatskiy D.O. "Astronomical Phenomena in Russian chronicles with scientific and critical perspective" in Svyatskiy D.O. Астрономия Древней Руси (Astronomy in Ancient Russia). Moscow: Panorama, 2007, pp. 45-49 (in Russian).
  6. ^ Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (2006). "NASA Technical Publication TP-2006-214141". FirstGov. Heliophysics Science Division, Code 670 / NASA Goddard Space Flight Center / Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA. Retrieved March 30, 2015.
  7. ^ Terras 1985, p. 425.
  8. ^ V. V. Medvedev (2014). "Scene of the Solar Eclipse in the Lay of the Host of Igor". Russian Encyclopedia. Retrieved March 30, 2015. (in Russian).
  9. ^ Ushinskiĭ 1978, p. 543.
  10. ^ "The examination of the text of The Lay of Igor's Host". History of Russian Literature. WordPress Theme by WPZOOM. 2015. Retrieved March 30, 2015.
  11. ^ Nabokov 2009, p. 71.
  12. ^ "History of Solar Physics: A Time Line of Great Moments". National Center for Atmospheric Research. National Science Foundation. 2015. Retrieved March 30, 2015.
  13. ^ "Solar Eclipses – Past, Present and Future" (PDF). 2014. Retrieved March 30, 2015.
  14. ^ "1185: The first description of solar prominences" (PDF). History of Solar Physics: A Time Line of Great Moments. 2015. Retrieved March 30, 2015.
  15. ^ "1185: The first description of solar prominences". Great Moments in the History of Solar Physics. Université de Montréal. 2008. Retrieved March 30, 2015.
  16. ^ Sanderson 2006, p. 41.
  17. ^ Patrick Poitevin and Joanne Edmonds (2003). "Solar Eclipse Newsletter (Volume 8, Issue 5)" (PDF). Patrick Poitevin. Retrieved March 30, 2015. Original text cited at Лаврентьевская летопись on "Izbornik" website, accessed 30 March 2015, page 396. Text from USSR Academy of Sciences edition, Leningrad, 1927.
  18. ^ Stephenson 2008, p. 395.
  19. ^ Steneck, Nicholas. "Review of 'Robert R. Newton, Medieval Chronicles and the Rotation of the Earth'". Speculum. 49 (April, 1974) (2): 365–368, p.367. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  20. ^ Williams 1996, pp. 5–9.
  21. ^ Jones, Bryn (2008). "/ The History of Astronomy in Wales". References to eclipses in ancient manuscripts. Bryn Jones. Retrieved March 30, 2015.. The translation is cited there from Thomas Jones, Brut y Tywysogyon, or, the Chronicle of the Princes: Red Book of Hergest version, University of Wales Press, Cardiff. (1955)
  22. ^ "Eclipses in ancient Welsh manuscripts". Mesopotamia. AncientWorlds LLC. 2013. Retrieved March 30, 2015.

Sources

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