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Revolutionary years (1916-1923)
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Ministerial posts (1987-1994)
11th Taoiseach of Ireland and first term (1997-2002)
Second term (2002-2007)
Third term (2007-2008)
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Ministerial posts (1997-2008)
12th Taoiseach of Ireland (2008-2011)
Elections
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Fianna Fáil - The Republican Party Fianna Fáil - An Páirtí Poblachtánach | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Abbreviation | FF |
| Leader | Micheál Martin |
| Deputy Leader | Fiona O'Loughlin |
| Seanad Leader | Lisa Chambers |
| Chief Whip | Cormac Devlin (Dáil) Robbie Gallagher (Seanad) |
| Chair | Brendan Smith |
| Founders |
... and others |
| Founded | 27 May 1926; 97 years ago La Scalla Theatre, Prince's Street, Dublin, Irish Free State |
| Split from | Sinn Féin |
| Headquarters | Áras de Valera, 65-66 Lower Mount Street, Dublin 2, D02 NX90 |
| Newspaper | The Irish Press |
| Youth wing | Ógra Fianna Fáil |
| Women's wing | Mná Fhianna Fáil |
| Overseas wing | Ciarde Fáil |
| LGBTQ+ wing | Fianna Fáil LGBTQI+ Network |
| Membership (2022) | 18,000 |
| Ideology | Irish nationalism Irish republicanism Pro-Europeanism Populism Big tent |
| Political position | Centre to Centre-right |
| European affiliation | Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party |
| European Parliament group | Renew Europe |
| International affiliation | Liberal International |
| Colors | Green |
| Slogan | "An Ireland for All" |
| Governing body | Fianna Fáil Ard Chomhairle |
| Parliamentary party | An Coiste Lemass |
| Dáil Éireann[1] | 36 / 160 |
| Seanad Éireann[2] | 21 / 60 |
| European Parliament[3][nb 1] | 2 / 13 |
| Local government in the Republic of Ireland[4] | 276 / 949 |
^ a: previously a member of the Alliance for Europe of the Nations (2002–09) ^ b: Member of the EPD group from 1973 to 1984, the EDA group from 1984 to 1995, the UfE group from 1995 to 1999, the UEN group from 1999 to 2009, and the ALDE group from 2009 to 2014. | |
Fianna Fáil (/fiˌænə ˈfɔɪl, ˌfiːənə -/ feena FALL or FOYLE,[5][6] Irish: [ˌfʲiən̪ˠə ˈfˠaːlʲ] ; meaning 'Soldiers of Destiny' or 'Warriors of Fál'),[7] officially Fianna Fáil – The Republican Party[8][9] ([Fianna Fáil – An Páirtí Poblachtánach] Error: {{Langx}}: invalid parameter: |audio= (help)),[10] is one of the main political parties in Ireland, alongside its primary rival since the 1930s, Fine Gael, and since 2011, Sinn Féin. Fianna Fáil is currently the senior partner in Ireland’s government coalition, along with Fine Gael and the Green Party, having won the 2020 general election with the most seats in Dáil Éireann. Historically described as a broad church and a classic catch-all party, Fianna Fáil has often defined itself as such, with enduring ideological commitments to Irish republicanism and reunification, Irish nationalism, and pro-Europeanism. The party currently has 36 Teachtaí Dála, 21 Seanadóirí, two Members of the European Parliament, and approximately 275 city and county councillors. Five Presidents of Ireland have been Fianna Fáil candidates, the most out of any other party (the Labour Party coming in second with two).
Fianna Fáil was founded in 1926 by Éamon de Valera and his supporters following the Irish Civil War, over splits in the original Sinn Féin movement around the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty’s Oath of Allegiance to the British Crown and the partition of Ireland. Since 1932, it was one of the two dominant political parties in the Irish Free State, along with Cumann na nGaedheal which later formed into Fine Gael. For much of the following eighty years, Fianna Fáil dominated political life; de Valera served three terms as Taoiseach and played a significant role in laying the constitutional groundwork for Ireland to declare itself as an independent republic from the British Commonwealth in 1949. Historically averse to power-sharing, the party reversed this long-standing policy after the 1989 general election and has since led coalitions of the centre-left (with Labour, 1992–1994; and the Greens, 2007–2011) and the centre-right (with the Progressive Democrats, 1989–1992; 1997–2002; 2002–2007). Every consecutive Fianna Fáil leader has served as Taoiseach, and it remains the party with the most cumulative years of governmental experience in the modern Irish State.
In the 2011 general election the party's vote share collapsed and emerged in third place, in what was widely seen as a major realignment in the wake of the Great Recession in Ireland. By 2016 it had recovered enough to become the main opposition party and entered into a confidence and supply agreement with a Fine Gael-led minority government. In 2020, after a protracted stalemate following the general election, Fianna Fáil agreed with Fine Gael and the Green Party to enter an unprecedented coalition, with the leaders of Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael rotating between the position of Taoiseach and Tánaiste. Micheál Martin has led the party since 2011 and currently serves as Taoiseach, with an additional six Fianna Fáil Ministers holding various Cabinet portfolios.
Fianna Fáil is a member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ADLE) and sits with the Renew Europe group in the European Parliament. It has been a full member of Liberal International since 2009. The party is also organised in Northern Ireland and has a working relationship with the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP), but it has not yet agreed to formally contest elections there. As of July 2021, it has an estimated 20,000 full members.
History
[edit].jpg)
.
Origins
[edit]Fianna Fáil was founded by Éamon de Valera, a former leader of Sinn Féin.[11] He and a number of other members split from Sinn Féin when a motion he proposed—which called for elected members to be allowed to take their seats in Dáil Éireann if and when the controversial Oath of Allegiance was removed—failed to pass at the Sinn Féin Ard Fheis in 1926.[12] His new party adopted its name on 2 April of the same year. While it was also opposed to the Treaty settlement, it rejected abstentionism, instead aiming to republicanise the Irish Free State from within. Fianna Fáil's platform of economic autarky had appeal among the farmers, working-class people and the poor, while alienating more affluent classes.[13] It largely pre-empted voters of the aforementioned groups from the Labour Party (with its almost identical economic and social policy) following its entry into the Dáil in 1927.[14] Fianna Fáil would go on to style themselves for several decades as “the real Labour Party.”[15][16][17]
Further reading
[edit]- Allen, Kieran (2005). "Fianna Fáil and Neo-Liberalism". Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review. 94 (373): 17–25.
- Coakley, John; Gallagher, Michael, eds. (2017). Politics in the Republic of Ireland (6th ed.). London: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-138-11945-1.
- Clifford, Michael; Coleman, Shane (2009). Bertie Ahern and the Drumcondra Mafia. Dublin: Hachette Books Ireland. ISBN 978-0-340-91904-0.
- Collins, Stephen (2001). The Power Game: Ireland Under Fianna Fáil (2nd ed.). Dublin: O'Brien Press. ISBN 978-0-862-78720-2.
- Coogan, Tim Pat (1993). De Valera: Long Fellow, Long Shadow. London: Hutchinson. ISBN 978-0-060-92690-8.
- Dunphy, Richard (1995). The Making of Fianna Fáil Power in Ireland, 1923–1948. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-198-20474-9.
- Dwyer, T. Ryle (2001). Nice Fellow: A Biography of Jack Lynch. Cork: Mercier Press. ISBN 978-1-856-35368-7.
- Dwyer, T. Ryle (1997). Short Fellow: A Biography of Charles J. Haughey. Dublin: Marino. ISBN 978-1-860-23142-1.
- English, Richard (2006). Irish Freedom: The History of Nationalism in Ireland. London: Pan Books. ISBN 978-0-330-42759-3.
- Ferriter, Dairmuid (2007). Judging Dev: A Reassessment of the Life and Legacy of Éamon de Valera. Dublin: Royal Irish Academy. ISBN 978-1-904-89028-7.
- Foster, Roy (1988). Ireland 1660–1972. London: Allen Lane. ISBN 978-0713990102.
- Girvan, Brian; Murphy, Gary, eds. (2007). The Lemass Era: Politics and Society in the Ireland of Seán Lemass. Dublin: University College Dublin Press. ISBN 978-1-904-55829-3.
- Horgan, John (1999). Seán Lemass: The Enigmatic Patriot. Dublin: Gill Books. ISBN 978-0-717-12939-3.
- Kee, Robert (2000). The Green Flag: A History of Irish Nationalism. London: Pengiun. ISBN 978-0-140-29165-0.
- Kelly, Stephen (2016). 'A Failed Political Entity’: Charles Haughey and the Northern Ireland Question, 1945-1992. Kildare: Merion Press. ISBN 978-1-785-37097-7.
- Kelly, Stephen (2013). Fianna Fáil, Partition and Northern Ireland, 1926–1971. Kildare: Merion Press. ISBN 978-0-716-53186-9.
- Leahy, Pat (2009). Showtime: The Inside Story of Fianna Fáil in Power. Dublin: Penguin Ireland. ISBN 978-1-844-88202-1.
- McCabe, M.P. (2012). For God and Ireland: The Fight for Moral Superiority in Ireland 1922-1932. Kildare: Irish Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-716-53162-3.
- McGraw, Sean; O'Malley, Eoin, eds. (2018). One Party Dominance: Fianna Fáil and Irish Politics 1926–2016. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-138-30857-2.
- Macardle, Dorothy (1968). The Irish Republic. London: Corgi. ISBN 978-0-552-07862-7.
- Murphy, Gary (2016). "Chapter 6: Fianna Fáil and the politics of nemesis". Electoral competition in Ireland since 1987. Manchester: Manchester University Press. pp. 129–154. ISBN 978-0-719-09766-9.
- Nic Dháibhéad, Caoimhe (2010). "Throttling the IRA: Fianna Fáil and the subversive threat, 1939-1945". In Nic Dháibhéad, Caoimhe; Reid, Colin (eds.). From Parnell to Paisley: Constitutional and Revolutionary Politics in Modern Ireland. Kildare: Irish Academic Press. pp. 100–110. ISBN 978-0-716-53062-6.
- Ó Beacháin, Donnacha (2013). Destiny of the Soldiers: Fianna Fáil, Irish Republicanism and the IRA: 1926–1973. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-717-14763-2.
- O'Brien, Mark (2001). De Valera, Fianna Fáil and the Irish Press: The Truth in the News?. Kildare: Irish Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-716-52733-6.
- O'Donnell, Catherine (2007). Fianna Fáil, Irish Republicanism, and the Northern Ireland Troubles, 1965–2005. Kildare: Irish Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-716-52859-3.
- O'Haplin, Eunan (1997). "Parliamentary Party Discipline and Tactics: The Fianna Fáil Archives, 1926–32". Irish Historical Studies. 30 (120): 581–590.
- Shonk, Kenneth B. (2021). Ireland's New Traditionalists: Fianna Fáil Republicanism and Gender, 1926-1938. Cork: Cork University Press. ISBN 978-1-782-05439-9.
- Whelan, Noel (2012). Fianna Fáil: A Biography of the Party. Dublin: Gill Books. ISBN 978-0-717-14761-8.
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| Taoiseach of Ireland | |
|---|---|
 | |
 | |
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| Executive branch of the Irish Government Department of the Taoiseach | |
| Style | Irish: A Thaoisigh |
| Type | Prime minister |
| Status | Head of government[a] |
| Member of | |
| Reports to | Oireachtas |
| Residence | None[b] |
| Seat | Government Buildings, Merrion Street, Dublin |
| Nominator | Dáil Éireann |
| Appointer | President of Ireland |
| Term length | While commanding the confidence of the majority of Dáil Éireann. No term limits are imposed on the office. |
| Constituting instrument | Article 28, Bunreacht na hÉireann |
| Precursor | President of the Executive Council (1922-1937) |
| Inaugural holder | Éamon de Valera[c] |
| Formation | 29 December 1937[c]; 84 years ago |
| Deputy | Tánaiste |
| Salary | €230,372 annually (2023)[18] (including €107,376 salary as a TD)[19] |
| Website | Department of the Taoiseach |
Parties with elected representation
[edit]Oireachtas Éireann and European Parliament
[edit]There are twelve parties in Ireland that have elected representation in either the Oireachtas or the European Parliament. Only Fianna Fáil, Fine Gael, the Greens, and Sinn Féin have representation in both. In addition, all parties have elected representation at the local government level.
| Party | Founded | Political position |
Ideology | Leader | Dáil Éireann | Seanad Éireann | European Parliament |
Local government |
European Parliament group |
International affiliation | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fianna Fáil English: Warriors of Fál or Soldiers of Destiny |
1926 |
Centre to centre-right |
Big tent Populism Irish republicanism |
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|
Micheál Martin | 36 / 160 [Note 1]
|
21 / 60 [Note 2]
|
2 / 13
|
276 / 949
|
 Renew |
Liberal International | ||
Sinn Féin English: We ourselves[Note 3] |
1905 1970 (current form) |
Centre-left to left-wing |
Irish republicanism Democratic socialism Left-wing nationalism |
|
Mary Lou McDonald | 36 / 160
|
4 / 60
|
1 / 13
|
144 / 949
|
 GUE/NGL |
— | ||
Fine Gael English: Tribe or Family of the Irish |
1933 | Centre-right | Liberal conservatism Christian democracy Pro-Europeanism |
|
Leo Varadkar | 34 / 160
|
16 / 60
|
5 / 13
|
254 / 949
|
 European People's Party |
 Centrist Democrat International | ||
_logo.svg){kind=logo} Green Party Irish: Comhaontas Glas |
1981 | Centre-left | Green politics | .jpg)
|
Éamon Ryan | 12 / 160
|
4 / 60
|
2 / 13
|
44 / 949
|
 European Green Party |
 Global Greens | ||
 Labour Party Irish: An Páirtí an Lucht Oibre |
1912 | Centre-left | Social democracy Pro-Europeanism |
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|
Ivana Bacik | 7 / 160
|
4 / 60
|
— | 56 / 949
|
 S&D |
 Progressive Alliance Socialist International | ||
_logo.svg){kind=logo} Social Democrats Irish: Na Daonlathaithe Sóisialta |
2015 | Centre-left | Social democracy Pro-Europeanism |
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|
Holly Cairns | 6 / 160
|
— | — | 20 / 949
|
— | — | ||
 People Before Profit Irish: Pobal Roimh Bhrabús |
2005 | Left-wing to far-left | Socialism Trotskyism Anti-capitalism Eco-socialism Irish reunification |
— | Collective leadership | 4 / 160
|
— | — | 6 / 949
|
— | — | ||
Solidarity Irish: Neart le Chéile |
2014 | Left-wing to far-left | Socialism Trotskyism Anti-capitalism Eco-socialism Left-wing populism Irish reunification |
— | Collective leadership | 1 / 160
|
— | — | 3 / 949
|
— | — | ||
Aontú English: Unite |
2019 | — | Anti-abortion Irish republicanism Social conservatism Soft euroscepticism |
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|
Peadar Tóibín | 1 / 160
|
— | — | 3 / 949
|
— | — | ||
 Right to Change |
2020 | Left-wing | Democratic socialism Trade unionism |
_2020_(cropped).jpg)
|
Joan Collins | 1 / 160
|
— | — | — | — | — | ||
Independents 4 Change Irish: Neamhspleáigh ar son an Athraithe |
2014 | Left-wing | Socialism |
Collective leadership | — | — | — | 2 / 13
|
3 / 949
|
GUE/NGL |
— | ||
| Human Dignity Alliance Irish: Comhaontas Dhínit an Duine |
2018 | Right-wing | Anti-abortion Social conservatism Christian Right Euroscepticism |
|
Rónán Mullen | — | 1 / 60
|
— | — | — | — | — | |
Local government
[edit]| Party | Active | Political position |
Ideology | Leader(s) | Local government | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Independent Left Irish: Páirtí Neamhspleách na hEite Clé |
2019 | Left-wing | Socialism Ecosocialism Environmentalism |
— | 1 / 949
| ||
| Kerry Independent Alliance Irish: Comhaontas Neamhspleách Chiarraí |
1992 | — | Localism | John O'Donoghue | 1 / 949
| ||
 An Rabharta Glas English: Green Tide |
2021 | Left-wing | Ecosocialism Reformism Just transition |
Lorna Bogue | 2 / 949
|
— | |
Republican Sinn Féin Irish: Sinn Féin Poblachtach |
1986 | Left-wing | Irish republicanism Abstensionism Socialism Éire Nua |
Seosamh Ó Maoileoin | 1 / 949
|
— | |
| Workers and Unemployed Action Group Irish: Grúpa Gníomhaíocht na nOibrithe agus na nDífhostaithe |
1985 | Left-wing | Socialism Irish reunification |
Séamus Healy | 1 / 949
|
— | |
Workers' Party Irish: An Páirtí na nOibrithe |
1905 | Far-left | Communism Marxism-Leninism Irish republicanism |
Collective leadership | 1 / 949
|
— | |
Minor parties
[edit]| Party | Founded | Political position |
Ideology | Leader(s) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Centre Party of Ireland Irish: An Páirtí an Láir na hÉireann |
2023 (originally founded in 2015 as Renua)[21] |
Right-wing to far-right | Anti-abortion Christian democracy Social conservatism Economic liberalism Euroscepticism |
— | Vacant | |
 Communist Party of Ireland Irish: An Páirtí Cumannach na hÉireann |
1933 1970 (refoundation) |
Far-left | Communism Marxism-Leninism Irish reunification |
— | Ciara Ní Mhaoilfhinn | |
_logo.png){kind=logo} Direct Democracy Ireland Irish: Daonlathas Duitse in Éirinn |
2010 | Right-wing | Direct democracy Populism Soft euroscepticism |
— | Pat Greene | |
 éirígí English: Arise |
2006 | Left-wing | Irish republicanism Dissident republicanism Revolutionary socialism Hard euroscepticism |
— | Brian Leeson | |
 Fís Nua English: New Vision |
2010 | Left-wing | Green politics | — | None | |
Ireland First Irish: Éire ar dTús |
2022 | Centre-right (claimed) Far-right[22] |
Irish nationalism National conservatism Anti-immigration Hard euroscepticism |
— | Derek Blighe | |
 Irish Freedom Party Irish: Cumann na Saoirse |
2018 | Right-wing to far-right | Irish nationalism Direct democracy Anti-abortion Anti-immigration Hard Euroscepticism |
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|
Hermann Kelly | |
 Irish Republican Socialist Party Irish: An Páirtí Poblachtach Sóisalach na hÉireann |
1974 | Far-left | Communism Marxism-Leninism Irish republicanism Dissident republicanism Hard euroscepticism |
— | Ard Chomhairle English: National Executive | |
_Logo.svg){kind=logo} National Party Irish: An Páirtí Náisiúnta |
2016 | Right-wing to far-right | Irish nationalism Anti-abortion Social conservatism Anti-immigration Hard euroscepticism |
.jpg)
|
Justin Barrett (disputed)[23] | |
Party for Animal Welfare Irish: Cumann um Leas Ainmhithe |
2018 | Left-wing | Animal rights Animal welfare Environmentalism |
— | Darren Furlong (acting) | |
Republican Network for Unity Irish: Poblachtáigh do Aontiú |
2007 | Left-wing | Irish republicanism Dissident republicanism Socialism |
— | — | |
| RISE Revolutionary Internationalist Socialist and Feminist[Note 4] |
2019 (as a party) 2021 (as a political organisation)[24] |
Left-wing | Democratic socialism Ecosocialism Trotskyism Internationalism |
— | — | |
Saoradh English: Liberation |
2016 | Far-left | Irish republicanism Dissident republicanism Revolutionary socialism Hard euroscepticism |
— | Stephen Murney | |
_logo.png){kind=logo} Socialist Party Irish: An Páirtí Sóisialach[Note 5] |
1996 | Left-wing to far-left | Democratic socialism Political radicalism Trotskyism Euroscepticism |
— | Collective leadership | |
 Socialist Workers Network [Note 6] |
1971 | Left-wing | Trotskyism Revolutionary socialism Irish reunification |
— | Collective leadership | |
| United People Irish: Daoine Aontaithe |
2015[Note 7] | Big tent | Populism Direct democracy Anti-corruption Euroscepticism |
— | Jeffrey Rudd | |
Defunct political parties
[edit]Republic of Ireland (1937–present)
[edit]| Party | Active | Political position |
Ideology | Leader(s) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Ailtirí na hAiséirghe English: Architects of the Ressurection |
1942–1958 | Right-wing to far-right | Fascism Irish nationalism Catholic social teaching Pan-Celticism |
Gearóid Ó Cuinneagáin | |
| Anti H-Block | 1981 | Left-wing | Irish republicanism The Five Demands |
Collective leadership | |
 Aontacht Éireann English: Irish Unity |
1971–1984 | — | Irish republicanism | Kevin Boland | |
Catholic Democrats Irish: Na Daonlathaithe Caitliceacha |
1995–2019 | Right-wing | Anti-abortion Political Catholicism Social conservatism Euroscepticism |
Nora Bennis | |
| Christian Centrist Party Merged into the Christian Solidarity Party in 1994 |
1991–1994 | Right-wing | Social conservatism | Matt Ascough | |
 Christian Solidarity Party Irish: Chomhar Críostaí |
1991–2014 | Right-wing | Social conservatism Communitarianism |
Gerard Casey Richard Greene Dáire FitzGerald | |
 Clann na Poblachta English: Family or Children of the Republic |
1946–1965 | Centre-left | Irish republicanism Social democracy |
Seán MacBride | |
| Clann na Talmhan English: Family or Children of the Land |
1939 – 1965 | Centre-left | Agrarianism Social democracy Populism |
Michael Donellan Joseph Blowick | |
| Community Democrats of Ireland Irish: Na Daonlathaithe Pobail na hÉireann |
1979 | Centre-left | Liberalism Social liberalism Pro-Europeanism |
— | |
| Córas na Poblachta English: Republican System |
1940–1944 | Far-right | Irish republicanism Irish nationalism Fascism |
Simon Donnelly | |
| Cork Civic Party Irish: Cóisir Cathartha Chorcaí |
1945 – 1966 | Centre-right | Conservatism Economic liberalism |
— | |
 Democratic Left Irish: Daonlathas Clé |
1991 – 1999 | Centre-left to left-wing | Social democracy Democratic socialism |
Proinsias De Rossa | |
_logo_digitalised.png){kind=logo} Democratic Socialist Party Irish: An Páirtí Sóisialach Daonlathach |
1982 – 1990 | Left-wing | Democratic socialism Secularism |
Jim Kemmy | |
Identity Ireland Irish: Aitheantas Éire |
2015 – 2023 | Right-wing to far-right | Anti-immigration Identarianism Irish nationalism Right-wing populism |
Peter O'Loughlin | |
Independent Alliance Irish: Comhaontas Neamhspleách |
2015 – 2020 | Big tent | Localism Nonpartisan politics |
None | |
 Independent Fianna Fáil English: Fianna Fáil Neamhspleách |
1972 – 2006 | — | Irish republicanism | Neil Blaney | |
| Independent Socialist Party English: An Páirtí Sóisialach Neamhspleách |
1976 – 1978 | Far-left | Socialism Irish republicanism |
— | |
Irish Democratic Party Irish: An Páirtí Daonlathach na hÉireann |
2013 – 2020 | Centre | Participatory democracy Populism |
Neil Blaney | |
| Lia Fáil English: Stone of Destiny |
1957 – 1961 | Far-right | Agrarianism Right-wing populism Irish nationalism Anti-communism |
Fr John Fahy | |
| Liberal Party of Ireland Irish: An Páirtí Liobrálach |
1967 – 1969 | Centre to centre-left | Liberalism Social liberalism Pro-Eruopeanism |
Kevin Smith | |
 Muintir na hÉireann English: People of Ireland |
1991– 1999 | Right-wing | Social conservatism Populism |
Richard Greene | |
| National Labour Party Irish: An Páirtí Náisiúnta an Lucht Oibre |
1944 – 1950 | Centre-left | Social democracy Anti-communism |
William O'Brien James Everett Thomas Foran | |
| National Progressive Democrats Irish: An Páirtí Daonlathach |
1958 – 1963 | Left-wing | Socialism Progressivism |
Noël Browne Jack McQuillan | |
 National Socialist Irish Workers Party Irish: Páirtí Sóisialach Náisiúnta na nOibrithe Éireannach |
1968 – 1987 | Far-right | Neo-Nazism | Terence Allan-Byrne | |
,_circa_2000s.png) Progressive Democrats Irish: An Páirtí Daonlathach |
1985– 2009 | Centre-right | Conservative liberalism Economic liberalism |
Des O'Malley Mary Harney Michael McDowell Noel Grealish | |
| Renua English: New Era |
2015 – 2023 | Centre-right to right-wing | Conservativism Anti-abortion Economic liberalism |
Lucinda Creighton Terence Flannagan | |
Socialist Party of Ireland Irish: An Páirtí Sóisialach na hÉireann |
1971 – 1982 | Left-wing to far-left | Marxist-Leninism Eurocommunism Pro-Soviet |
Collective leadership | |
_Logo.png){kind=logo} Socialist Labour Party Irish: An Páirtí Sóisialach an Lucht Oibre |
1977 – 1982 | Left-wing | Democratic socialism | Noël Browne Matt Merrigan | |
_logo.png){kind=logo} United Left Irish: Aontaithe Chlé |
2013 – 2015 | Left-wing | Democratic socialism | Clare Daly Joan Collins | |
 United Left Alliance Irish: Comhaontas Clé Aontaithe |
2010 – 2013 | Left-wing | Democratic socialism | Collective leadership | |
Irish Free State (1922–1937)
[edit]| Party | Active | Political position |
Ideology | Leader(s) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clann Éireann English: Family of Ireland |
1926–1927 | Centre-right | Irish republicanism | William Magennis | |
 Cumann na nGaedheal English: Society of the Gaels |
1923–1933 | Centre-right | Irish nationalism Christian democracy Conservatism Pro-Treaty |
W.T. Cosgrave | |
| Cumann na Poblachta English: Society of the Republic |
1922–1923 | — | Irish republicanism Anti-Treaty |
Éamon de Valera | |
| Irish Workers' Party Irish: An Páirtí na nOibrithe |
1926–1927 | Far-left | Communism Marxism Irish republicanism |
Roddy Connolly | |
| National Centre Party |
1932–1933 | Centre-right | Agrarianism Conservatism Christian democracy Pro-Treaty |
Frank MacDermot | |
| National Corporate Party Irish: Cumann Corpruiteac Náisiúnta |
1935–1936 | Far-right | Irish republicanism Fascist corporatism Anti-communism |
Eoin O'Duffy | |
| National Democratic Party Irish: An Páirtí Náisúinta Daonlathach |
1923–1923 | — | Agrarianism Land reform |
— | |
| National League | 1926–1931 | Centre-right | Conservatism Pro-Treaty Pro-Commonwealth |
William Redmond Thomas O'Donnell | |
 Republican Congress Irish: An Chomhdháil Phoblachtach |
1934–1936 | Far-left | Irish republicanism Socialism Left-wing nationalism |
Peadar O'Donnell Frank Ryan George Gilmore | |
| Saor Éire English: Free Ireland |
1931–1931 | Far-left | Irish republicanism Communism Pro-Soviet |
Peadar O'Donnell | |
| Women's Social and Progressive League |
1937–1943 | — | Feminism Progressivism Irish republicanism |
Hannah Sheehy-Skeffington | |
Pre-Independence (1798-1922)
[edit]| Party | Active | Political position |
Ideology | Leader(s) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conservative Party | 1834–1891 | Centre-right | Irish unionism Conservatism Home Rule |
— | |
|
align=center| |
1873–1882 | Centre to centre-left | Irish nationalism Home Rule Liberalism |
Isaac Butt William Shaw Charles Stewart Parnell | |
| Irish National League | 1882–1900 | Centre-left | Irish nationalism Home Rule |
Charles Stewart Parnell | |
| Irish Loyal and Patriotic Union |
1885–1891 | Big tent | Irish unionism Anti-Home Rule |
— | |
| Land League Irish: Conradh na Talún |
1879–1882 | Centre-left | Agrarianism Land reform Irish nationalism |
Charles Stewart Parnell Andrew Kettle Michael Davitt Thomas Brennan | |
.svg) Irish Parliamentary Party |
1874–1922 | Centre | Irish nationalism Liberalism Home Rule |
Isaac Butt Charles Stewart Parnell John Redmond John Dillon Joseph Devlin | |
 Irish Unionist Alliance |
1891–1922 | Right-wing | Irish unionism Conservatism Anglo-Irish interests |
Colonel Saunderson The Earl of Midleton | |
.png){kind=logo} Liberal Party |
1859–1922 | Centre | Liberalism (British) Classical liberalism Social liberalism |
William Gladstone Henry Campbell-Bannerman H.H. Asquith David Lloyd George | |
| Repeal Association | 1830–1848 | Centre-left | Irish nationalism National liberalism Catholic emancipation |
Daniel O'Connell | |
Political parties with elected representation at a local, Assembly, or Westminster level level
[edit]There are twelve parties in Ireland that have elected representation in either the Oireachtas or the European Parliament. Only Fianna Fáil, Fine Gael, the Greens, and Sinn Féin have representation in both. In addition, all parties have elected representation at the local government level.
| Party | Founded | Political position |
Ideology | Designation | Leader(s) | Local government |
Northern Ireland Assembly | House of Commons (NI Seats) |
House of Lords | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sinn Féin English: We ourselves[Note 8] |
1905 1970 (current form) [Note 9] |
Centre-left[25] to left-wing[26] |
Irish republicanism Democratic socialism Left-wing nationalism |
Nationalist | .jpg)
|
Michelle O'Neill[Note 10] | 144 / 462
|
27 / 90
|
7 / 18 (abstentionist)
|
— | |
Democratic Unionist Party |
1971 | Right-wing[27][28] | British unionism British nationalism National conservatism Right-wing populism Euroscepticism |
Unionist | 
|
Jeffrey Donaldson | 122 / 462
|
25 / 90
|
8 / 18
|
6 / 779
| |
 Alliance Party of Northern Ireland |
1970 | Centre[29] to centre-left[30] | Liberalism[31][32][33] Nonsectarianism[34][35] Pro-Europeanism[36] |
Other | 
|
Naomi Long | 67 / 462
|
17 / 90
|
1 / 18
|
0 / 779 [Note 11]
| |
Ulster Unionist Party |
1905 | Centre-right[37] | Unionist | 
|
Doug Beattie | 54 / 462
|
9 / 90
|
— | 2 / 779
| ||
 Social Democratic and Labour Party |
1970 | Centre-left[40][41] | Nationalist | 
|
Colum Eastwood | 39 / 462
|
8 / 90
|
2 / 18
|
0 / 779 [Note 12]
| ||
 Traditional Unionist Voice |
2007 | Right-wing[44] | Unionist | 
|
Jim Allister | 9 / 462
|
1 / 90
|
— | — | ||
People Before Profit |
2005 | Left-wing[48] to far-left[49] | Trotskyism[50] Socialism[51] Anti-capitalism[52] Irish reunification[53] |
Other[Note 13] | — | Collective leadership | 2 / 462
|
1 / 90
|
— | — | |
 Green Party NI |
1985 | Centre-left to left-wing | Green politics[38] Nonsectarianism Pro-Europeanism[54] |
Other | — | Malachai O'Hara | 5 / 462
|
— | — | — | |
 Progressive Unionist Party |
1985 | Centre-left[55][56] to left-wing[57] |
British unionism Ulster loyalism Democratic socialism[58][59] Social democracy |
Unionist | — | Russell Watton | 1 / 462
|
— | — | — | |
Northern Ireland Conservatives |
1989 | Centre-right | British unionism Conservatism Economic liberalism |
Unionist | — | Paul Leeman | — | — | — | 3 / 779
| |
Other registered parties
[edit]Nationalist and republican
[edit]| Party | Founded | Political position |
Ideology | Leader(s) | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aontú English: Unity |
2019 | — | Anti-abortion Social conservatism Irish republicanism |
|
Peadar Tóibín | — | |
| Communist Party of Ireland Irish: An Páirtí Cumannach na hÉireann |
1933 1970 (refoundation) |
Far-left | Communism Marxism-Leninism Irish reunification |
— | Jimmy Corcoran (General Secretary) | — | |
| Fianna Fáil English: Warriors of Fál or Soldiers of Destiny |
1926 | Centre to centre-right |
Irish republicanism Conservatism Christian democracy Populism |
|
Micheál Martin | Since 2007, Fianna Fáil has been officially registered in Northern Ireland, but has not formally fielded any election candidates as of yet, despite members passing motions to at successive árdfheiseanna [60]. Ógra Fianna Fáil launched cumainn (branches) at QUB and UU in the same year. From 2019 to 2022, it was in partnership with the SDLP. [61] | |
| Irish Republican Socialist Party |
1974 | Far-left | Communism Marxism-Leninism Irish republicanism Dissident republicanism Hard euroscepticism |
— | Ard Chomhairle English: National Executive |
— | |
Republican Network for Unity |
2007 | Left-wing | Irish republicanism Dissident republicanism Socialism |
— | — | — | |
Saoradh English: Liberation |
2016 | Far-left | Irish republicanism Dissident republicanism Revolutionary socialism Hard euroscepticism |
— | Stephen Murney | — | |
Workers' Party Irish: An Páirtí na nOibrithe |
1905 | Far-left | Communism Marxism-Leninism Irish republicanism |
— | Collective leadership | — | |
Unionist and loyalist
[edit]| Party | Founded | Political position |
Ideology | Leader(s) | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Heritage Party |
2020 | Right-wing | Euroscepticism British unionism British nationalism Social conservatism Right-wing populism |
|
David Kurten | — | |
Others
[edit]| Party | Founded | Political position |
Ideology | Leader(s) | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cross-Community Labour Alternative |
2015 | Left-wing | Democratic socialism Anti-capitalism Nonsectarianism |
— | Owen McCracken | — | |
Labour Party in Northern Ireland |
1900 | Centre-left | Social democracy Democratic socialism |
— | Erskine Holmes | UK Labour has historically had a policy not to stand in Northern Ireland. Until recently it was not possible for residents to even join the party; however this was changed on legal advice. An officially recognised branch party was set up in 2003. SDLP MPs unofficially take the Labour whip. | |
Northern Ireland Liberal Democrats |
1988 | Centre to Centre-left | Liberalism Social liberalism Nonsectarianism Pro-Europeanism |
— | Stephen Glenn | The Liberal Democrats currently have a policy not to stand in Northern Ireland but to support their sister party, the Alliance Party, with many holding dual-membership, and Alliance peers take the Liberal Democrat whip. | |
Socialist Party |
1996 | Left-wing to far-left | Democratic socialism Political radicalism Trotskyism Euroscepticism |
— | Collective leadership | — | |
Unregistered parties
[edit]| Party | Founded | Political position |
Ideology | Leader(s) | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 32 County Sovereignty Movement |
1997 | Left-wing | Irish republicanism Dissident republicanism Socialism Anti-imperialism |
— | Francie McKey | Does not contest elections, operates as a pressure group. | |
Fine Gael English: Family or Tribe of the Irish |
1933 | Centre-right | Christian democracy Liberal conservatism Pro-Europeanism |
|
Leo Varadkar | Although Fine Gael is not officially registered in Northern Ireland, individual members have historically supported SDLP candidates during elections.[62] In 2019, YFG launched its first branch in Northern Ireland at Queen's University Belfast, attended by then-Minister for European Affairs Helen McEntee.[63] | |
| Labour Party (Ireland) |
1912 | Centre-left | Social democracy Pro-Europeanism |
|
Ivana Bacik | Irish Labour has historically contested elections in Northern Ireland, although it has not done so since 1962. Its current policy is to support its sister-party, the SDLP.[64] Recently however, the party has considered officially registering and fielding candidates in future elections [65] | |
| National Party Irish: An Páirtí Náisiúnta |
2016 | Right-wing to far-right | Irish nationalism Anti-abortion Social conservatism Anti-immigration Hard euroscepticism |
|
Justin Barrett (disputed)[66] |
— | |
Republican Sinn Féin Irish: Sinn Féin Poblachtach |
1986 | Left-wing | Irish republicanism Abstensionism Socialism Éire Nua |
— | Seosamh Ó Maoileoin | — | |
| ||
|---|---|---|
|
27th Tánaiste of Ireland Incumbent Ministerships (1997–2011)
Leader of the Opposition (2011–2020)
Taoiseach (2020–2022)
Tánaiste (2022–present)
 |
||
| Roinn an Taoisigh | |
| |
 Government Buildings, Dublin | |
| Department of State overview | |
|---|---|
| Formed | 2 June 1924 (as the Department of President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State) |
| Jurisdiction | Government of Ireland |
| Headquarters | Government Buildings, Merrion Street Upper, Dublin 53°20′12″N 6°15′34″W / 53.33667°N 6.25944°W |
| Annual budget | €260 million (2024)[67] |
| Ministers responsible | |
| Department of State executives |
|
| Website | Department of the Taoiseach |
| Roinn an Gnóthaí Eachtracha | |
 | |
 Iveagh House, Dublin | |
| Department of State overview | |
|---|---|
| Formed | 22 January 1919 |
| Jurisdiction | Government of Ireland |
| Headquarters | Iveagh House, 80 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 53°20′12″N 6°15′34″W / 53.33667°N 6.25944°W |
| Annual budget | €1.108 billion (2024)[68] |
| Ministers responsible | |
| Department of State executives |
|
| Child Department of State | |
| Website | Department of Foreign Affairs |
Northern Ireland Assembly Tionól Thuaisceart Éireann Norlin Airlan Assemblie | |
|---|---|
| Seventh Assembly | |
 | |
| Type | |
| Type | |
| History | |
| Founded | 25 June 1998 (current form) |
| Preceded by | UK Parliament (pre-devolution) Parliament of Northern Ireland (1921-1972) |
| Leadership | |
Edwin Poots since 3 February 2024 | |
| |
| Structure | |
| Seats | 90 |
.svg) | |
Political groups | Executive (77)
Official Opposition (7) Other Opposition (5) Speaker (1)
|
| Committees |
|
| Salary | £55,000 per year + expenses |
| Elections | |
| Additional member system | |
Last election | 5 May 2022 |
Next election | On or before 6 May 2027 |
| Redistricting | Recommendations made by the Boundary Commission for Northern Ireland; confirmed by the Secretary of State |
| Meeting place | |
 | |
| Assembly Chamber, Parliament Buildings | |
 | |
| Parliament Buildings, Stormont, Belfast, Northern Ireland | |
| Website | |
| www | |
| Rules | |
| Standing Orders of the Northern Ireland Assembly | |
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Cite error: There are <ref group=nb> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=nb}} template (see the help page).
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).
Cite error: There are <ref group=Note> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=Note}} template (see the help page).