Omotecho/Trans-Siberian Railway/ja
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シベリア横断鉄道（ロシア語: Транссиби́рская магистраль Transsibírskaya magistral または略称 Трансси́б Transsíb）はモスクワ発の路線でシベリア（英語版）を横断する。ただし「シベリア横断特急」などという便はない。この路線は主な支線が以下の3ルートあり、それぞれに列車を運行する。
- シベリア横断鉄道本線（以下、本線）は広大なロシア大陸（英語版）に敷かれ、モスクワ発ペルミ、エカテリンブルク、オムスク、ノボシビルスク、イルクーツク、ウラン・ウデ、チタとハバロフスクを経てウラジオストク（英語版）で太平洋に出る。
- モンゴル横断鉄道はウラン・ウデまでは本線と同じルートを進み、モンゴルに入るとウランバートル（英語版）で分岐して南下し中国の北京（英語版）へ向かう。
- 満州横断鉄道は本線のルートに従てウラン・ウデ、チタと進むと、中国領満州を横断して北京に到着。
これらのルートには直通列車が運行し、ウラジオストク行きは毎日1便、中国行きは週に1、2便。短い区間を運行する列車もいくつかあり、同じ方向に進む旅程で一泊しなくても済む場合もある。シベリア横断鉄道はまるで蛇行する川のように時代とともに路線変更を重ねたため、並行ルートが何本か存在する。ロシアのヨーロッパ圏にはニジニ-ノヴゴロド間に古典的なルートがあり、他の路線はヤロスラヴリ経由で北に、またはカザン経由で南に循環する。かつての路線はペトロパヴル経由で走っていたが、カザフスタン領内の路線が独立したため、本線ルートは現在は北に変更された。ただしアスタナ行きの列車は依然として旧路線を通っている。北寄りを並行して走るバイカル＝アムール本線（BAM＝英語版）はヴァニノ／ソビエツカヤ・ギャバンで太平洋岸に到達する。さらにサハリン島から果ては日本にまで延伸するという話も聞かれる。寄り道には興味を惹かれるものの、このページでは本線の一部とはみなさない。
シベリア横断鉄道は世界最長の路線で、その敷設は1891年から1916年に工事を行った。「運行」の世界最長区間はモスクワ発平壌（英語版）行きで、本線をウラジオストク近郊のウスリースクまでたどると南下し、北朝鮮領内に分岐する。直通列車の運行は月2回。世界最長の「旅程」は、列車を乗り次いで本線の鉄道網を走破し、本質的に本線を大幅に延長する形で、ポルトガルからシンガポールまで鉄路の旅（英語版）になる。
知る
- See also: ロシアの鉄道旅, en:Rail travel in Russia
シベリア横断鉄道は地上にわずかに残った本物の冒険に数えられます。
モスクワのヤロスァウスキ駅からウラジオストク駅まで、全行程は大陸を2つまたぎ、大河16本、ロシア連邦の州6件、そしておよそ100の都市を縫って進みます。今日でもアムール川（Amur）、エニセイ川（Yenisei）、オビ川（Ob）にかかる橋はそれぞれ独得で—–アジア大陸で最大の橋上位3軒に入理、架橋は全部で485ヵ所です。この路線はアジアとヨーロッパそれぞれの鉄道網を結美、ロシアの鉄道網の背骨とも言えます。世界で旅客数が最多、またロシアで消費される石油のほとんどはこの路線を介して供給されます。
沿線の人口は全線を通じてロシア人が大半を占め、太平洋岸に近づくにつれて、アジア系のさまざまな民族グループが次第に増えていきます。
旅人は、特に一人旅の場合、同じコンパートメントに乗り合わせた地元の人と出会う可能性が非常に高いです。特にロシア語を少し知っているなら、この鉄道の旅はロシア人と知り合う素晴らしい機会になります。英語を話せる人はほとんどいないため、ロシア語会話集（英語版）を持参してください。スマートフォンやタブレットの自動翻訳機能は、現地の人々の話を理解するツールとして欠かせないかもしれません。
歴史
- See also: ロシア帝国, en:Russian Empire, ソビエト連邦, en:Soviet Union
Travel in Siberia before the railway was a desperate affair. Early routes, trade and settlement were north-south, using the great rivers to sail in from the Arctic during the brief summer. Attempts were made to build an east-west highway from the 16th & 17th Century, but early road-building was no match for the harsh climate and logistic problems. Meanwhile the great natural resources of Siberia remained untapped, and economically the east was looking to China not Russia, so the tsars then the Soviets persisted. But not until 2015 did Russia have a fully-paved, all-weather highway coast to coast. And even now that the highway is open, freight and people are moved via the railroad much more than via road—–especially over the vast distances that are often necessary to get from anywhere to anywhere in Siberia.
A railway was a better prospect for shifting heavy freight, and construction of the Trans-sib railway began in May 1891 from both west and east. The first decade was a story of muddy heroism, with over 7000 km of railway built—–no other railway has been built so fast. This despite all the hills, moors and swamps, despite the iron-hard frozen ground, impenetrable taiga and great rivers to be crossed, all with 19th Century equipment and know-how—–and in a country often viewed as hopelessly backwards by contemporaries. There were up to 60,000 workers building the railway and many lives were lost. The whole 9288 km railway was completed in 1916, with electrification completed in 2002. It changed the face of Russia, which now became an Asian as much as a European nation. Siberia and Far Eastern Russia saw an economic boom, and a massive migration to these regions—–not always voluntary. Towns along the railway, such as Omsk, Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk, and Irkutsk, grew to large industrial cities. Equally, other places withered: Tomsk was intended to be on the Trans-sib but improved engineering allowed a shorter route via Novosibirsk, so instead it became a dumping-place for dissidents, a back-water, and its old town is better preserved as a result. To give just one example of the importance even contemporaries put on the railway, the French newspaper "La France" wrote upon completion: "After the discovery of America and the construction of the Suez canal, history knows no other event that had such massive direct and indirect consequences than the construction of the シベリア横断鉄道."
車両の種類
長距離列車には4種の車両を採用する。「フィルメニエ」（Template:Lang-en-short Template:Lang-ru-short）と「スコリィ」（Template:Lang-en Template:Lang-ru-short）は特急で、前者は新型車両で乗り心地は後者よりも良い。「パッサジルスキィ」（Template:Lang-en Template:Lang-ru-short）は急行で乗り心地もやや悪く、whereas （Template:Lang-en Template:Lang-ru-short）は鈍行で主目的は郵便貨車である。列車番号が大きいほど車両の格は下がり、運行便数も少なめ。運行予定表に車両の種別が記載されている。このほかに地域運行の列車（通称は電車（Elektrichka）、ロシアで最初に一般乗客向けに電化されたことによる）はあるものの、この旅程の全区間を乗り継ぐことはできない（本線の沿線の都市間交通という位置付け）。もちろん乗り継ぐと、ただでさえ大規模な冒険がさらに険しくなりがちで—–言うなればヨーロッパ全土を通勤鉄道とローカルバスで走破するようなもの。
区間が長ければ長いほど、選択できる列車の選択肢は狭くなる。モスクワ-北京間の直通列車は週2便運行（ウランバートル経由とハルビン経由）。モスクワ-サンクトペテルブルク間は毎日20本以上が運行。
長距離列車は1車両に乗務員が1、2名いて、乗車券の検査に加え紅茶のサモワール（samvars|英語版）の装置清掃を担当する。
準備する
ひとり旅かグループ旅行か？
ひとり旅ならきちんと計画を立て、事前にすべての立ち寄り先や宿泊施設、旅程を計画して予約できれば、手続きは簡単。旅程にロシア出入国が複数回、含まれる場合は、どんな状況でも国境を越える前にロシアのビザ取得を最優先すること。そうしておけば列車からホテル、列車からホテルへと、気分は宇宙船が惑星間を惰性で航行するようにほぼ無重力で移動できる。即興で作った旅程は、泥沼寸前の冒険へと導いてくれる。例えばモスクワ―サンクトペテルブルク間だと、さらにCIS諸国でならうまくいくかもしれない。ただし本線の距離と所要時間は膨大である点、宿泊施設を探したり電車のチケット予約を現地でするつもりなら、ロシア語の基本的な会話能力が必要である。
「ツアー」企画に参加すると、上記のこうした問題はすべて解消される。ツアー参加費他の料金を支払い、決まった時間に集合場所に行けばよい。個人旅行に比べ、本線を利用した団体旅行は約30%割高になる。また団体の日程に縛られて、地元の人々と交流したくても食堂車のウェイターとの挨拶くらいしかできない可能性も高くなる。
気候と備え
Keep the luggage as small as possible and avoid bringing any valuables. What you should pack depends on the time of the year; in the summer the temperature can rise to over 30°C in Siberia and China. In winter it will be under -30°C in much of Russia and Mongolia. In the spring or fall just a couple of T-shirts, a sweater and a light jacket should suffice. If needed, clothes can be purchased cheaply at markets along the road. In the train, your clothing should be comfortable（e.g. sports clothes） and flip-flops. It's also recommended to bring enough stuff to read.
おすすめの携行品リスト
Packing the following items is recommended for any lengthy journey on the シベリア横断鉄道:
- Pocket knife For slicing up bread and vegetables you can buy from the sellers at major stops
- Cutlery Instant noodles, or its Russian version—–instant potatoes, become essential snacks for most travellers, since each carriage is equipped with boiling water from the Samovar, unfortunately they often come without the usual plastic fork or spoon.
- Mess tins or large stainless steel mug with cover. Useful for preparing noodles or tea, and brushing teeth.
- Perfumed wet tissues/baby wipes/wet wipes These little things can do wonders for your personal hygiene.
- Head lamp On these long journeys（t時間ough 8 time zones）, it often turns out that Einstein indeed was right—–time does become relative. So bring a headlamp for reading when others want to slumber.
- Flip-flops or other slip-on footwear, for your days on the train
- Deck of cards or other easily explained games are great for socializing with your fellow travellers, and making the long hours spent on the train immensely more enjoyable. Bring a deck of 5 Crowns for this is a favourite in Russia. If you are a chess player, by all means bring a little chess set—–the game is very popular in Russia.
- Pictures of your home, country and family and a p時間asebook with a conversation section can work surprisingly well, since you'll have nothing but time to overcome the language gap. Many Russians tend to be curious about foreigners once the initial suspicion dies down, since they don't normally meet many—–even these days. Recommended: make a list of vocabulary and study it in the train!
- Electronic device charger and external battery—–many trains are not equipped with electric sockets.
Jewellery is best left at home. If you're bringing a cell phone, tablet or laptop they should of course be kept out of sight as much as possible. One thing that you should bring along is a camera with enough storage space. In all larger cities there are Internet cafés where you can upload your pictures or burn them to a disc. Also bring additional batteries or chargers, as charging your gadgets on board will not be easy（although possible）.
着く
本線の出発・終着駅は3つあり、モスクワ（英語版）、北京（英語版）、ウラジオストク（英語版）。また隔月でモスクワから平壌（英語版）行きが運行するが、通常、外国人の乗車は不可能。
ヨーロッパ側のターミナル駅
モスクワ（英語版）は鉄道経由でヨーロッパ圏の多くの都市と結ばれている。運賃はロンドン（英語）one-way） start at around GBP200 and German Railways is a useful resource. You are likely to need a transit visa for[[]]（英語版）on this route, unless you travel t時間ough Ukraine, make a detour from Warsaw up to Riga（multiple buses, need a few days） or from Germany via Helsinki（by train or ferry, comparatively expensive）. Coming in the northern way makes it possible to include a visit to [[]]（英語版）– accessible by train, bus or ferry from Finland and Estonia.
Eurolines is an European coach company, with routes from many cities. Fares from London start from around GBP60.
Aeroflot is the principal airline operating into and out of Moscow, in addition almost all European（and some Asian and North American） flag carriers and some budget airlines fly to Moscow.
モスクワ駅って複数あるの？ First and foremost, your train departs from the station stated on your ticket, so check! But normally, trains along the classic シベリア横断鉄道 route via Kirov depart from Moscow Yaroslavskaya Station. But several trains to the Urals, Siberia, and the Far East depart from Moscow Kazanskaya Station; it's adjacent to Yaroslavskaya Station and to Leningradskaya Station in the NE of the city, and the Metro stop for all t時間ee terminals is Komsomolskaya. Some other eastbound trains（mostly, those to Nizhny Novgorod） depart from Moscow Kurskaya, 1 km further south, and the Metro stop is Kurskaya.
en:Saint Petersburg, the Russian capital at the time when the Transsib was built, can be reached by train from Finland and Baltic countries. From there, you can either go to Moscow or take the northern 本線 route, circumventing Moscow, via [[]]（英語版）と[[]]（英語版）、where you will likely need to change the train to go further to [[]]（英語版）or[[]]（英語版）。
There are direct plane connections to Moscow and St Petersburg from many European airports.
アジア側のターミナル駅
DBS Ferry は年間を通じて運航しており、境港（英語版）発着ウラジオストク en:Vladivostok便は韓国のトンヘ市（英語版）を経由します。航空便はアエロフロートがウラジオストクを含めて各地へ飛んでいます。
北京 に到着する鉄道便はチベットのラサ（en:Lhasa）から毎日運行、ホーチミン（en:Ho Chi Minh City（Vietnam）, twice weekly service, or [[]]（英語版）、alternate dates. Beyond Vietnam the rail connection breaks and there are no train routes from Thailand, Myanmar or India—–though bus is often an option. There are plenty of international flights to Beijing and reasonably many to other eastern termini. For instance Air Asia offers budget options into China, Siberian Airlines S7[dead link]{{Dead link}} offer flight connections into Russia, while MIAT Mongolian Airlines operate to [[]]en:Ulaanbaatar from Beijing, Moscow, Seoul, and Hong Kong in season.
ビザの情報
ビザの詳細情報はロシア#ビザ（英語版）、モンゴル（英語版）と中国（英語版）のそれぞれの記事を参照
旅行者の大半は、通過する3ヵ国全てのビザを求められます。中国（英語版）とモンゴル（英語版）のビザ取得は、自国の大使館・領事館で手続きする方法、あるいはイギリス国籍なら香港（英語版）での取得が最も効率的で、手続き費用は£30。ところがモンゴルのビザ取得は自国ではなく相手国モンゴルの在イルクーツク大使館（Irkutsk（ロシア）で、中国のビザはウランバートル（英語版）で取得します（外交上の緊張関係下の現在、モンゴルで中国入国のビザを申請するのは避けたほうが賢明。）国籍によりアメリカ（90日間）、カナダとイスラエル（30日間）やヨーロッパとアジアの複数の国から来た旅行者はモンゴル入国にビザは不要です。中国入国はほぼ例外なくビザが必要で—–日本は不要、その他の小規模な国もビザが免除されます。詳細は中国の記事（見出しは「ビザ」英語版）をご参照ください。
英語版）is more problematic. Invitations are generally required for issuing a visa. Practice shows you can get it from online services like Realrussia or VisaHQ. If you are buying your train tickets t時間ough a travel agency at home, they can almost certainly handle your visa application if they specialize in travels to Russia. A tourist visa gives you up to 30日間 in the country. A business visa is a choice for people who want to spend up to 90日however, you might need to use travel agency in your country to arrange it.
Every foreign tourist has to get registration for stays in one place of more than 7 working日間（9日間 if weekend is included）. Hotels provide it for free most of the time, some hostels will do it for an extra charge. Apparently any Russian can register you at his/her place by going to the post office and paying a small fee. If you stay in one place for less than 7 working日you are not required to register. Train tickets and hotel receipts are a good proof that you did not overstay. In any case, it is strongly advised to keep tickets and receipts until you leave the country.
However, Russian transit visas issued in Beijing or [[]]（英語版）last 10日間 and require no invitation. This would be enough time to make the trip with no stops along the way and spend a couple of days in Moscow. The Beijing consulate is open from 09:00 to 11:00 but remember that many Chinese nationals are also trying to acquire visas with you, so show up early. The cost varies for each nationality, but Americans can expect to pay US$250 for same-day service or $150 for the five-day service. Upon arrival in [[]]（英語版）you have four nights valid on your transit visa, which allows for one or two nights in Moscow, an overnight train and one or two nights in Saint Petersburg, but you must be across the border before midnight on the final day of your visa.
サンクトペテルブルク経由でロシアを出国する経路は複数あり、バスや鉄道でヘルシンキ（英語版）、タリン（英語版）、リガ（英語版）、キエフ（英語版）その他のヨーロッパ圏の都市行きが挙げられる。ただし、ベラルーシ（英語版）（詳細はこちらを参照）では、ほぼすべての国籍の人が通過ビザ（または観光ビザ）の提示を求められる点に注意。ベラルーシ経由の計画の場合は、「必ず」ビザの準備をする必要がある。
{{cautionbox}} ロシアの通過ビザはいかなる状況でも延長できません。北京（英語版） から到着した場合はビザ申請をモスクワ到着後にしてください。有効期限10日間の通過ビザをお持ちの場合で、滞在地はモスクワだけでなくサンクトペテルブルクに移動するなら、ビザ申請は必要ありません。
イスラエル、韓国、特定のラテンアメリカ諸国、CIS加盟国およびその他の少数の国の国民はロシアのビザを必要としません。ビザ申請はモスクワ到着後にできます。有効期限10日間の通過ビザをお持ちの場合で、滞在地はモスクワだけでないなら（サンクトペテルブルクに移動）、ビザ申請は必要ありません。
See also（en:Russia#Get around
The Russian train system is different from European systems. The train tickets are bought for fixed dates and all stops must be planned in advance. If you, for instance, have a ticket from Moscow to Vladivostok and step off the train in Irkutsk without your ticket stating you will be taking another train from there and the train leaves without you, you will be stuck in Irkutsk as tickets will not be valid on any later train. It’s somewhat similar to a plane going from New York to Moscow with a connection in Amsterdam—–if you decide to go out in Amsterdam and miss your flight you can’t use your ticket for a next flight to Moscow. In general, trains stop for several hours at international borders, tens of minutes in large cities（for slower trains, in some cases more than an hour） and a few minutes at small stops. Therefore, you will be able to do some shopping at the platform and sometimes even take a look inside the station building, but in order to actually going sightseeing in the city, you'll need to continue your journey with a later train.
The rules state that a passenger is allowed to make one stop on his journey（for no additional charge）, but this requires a little paperwork while on the train and will be difficult to arrange with the attendant without good knowledge of Russian.
There are four ways of buying tickets for the trip. You can purchase them from a travel agent（or online） in your own country, a travel agent in the country from which you will start the journey, turn up and buy tickets yourself at a station in Russia, or buy tickets online t時間ough the Russian railways website（see below）. The first two options are the safest but the most expensive, the last two are cheapest but require some time and effort from your side. Popular trains can be sold out well in advance, particularly in peak season, so try to book early. Early means 45日間 before the departure of the train. This is the earliest date when tickets are sold to individuals. Travel agencies can promise you tickets at a much earlier date.
It is possible to buy the tickets at any Russian station, not necessarily one on the route of the train. Be ready to queue up for some hours and do not expect any language except Russian at the counter. Russia,]]（英語版）、[[]]（英語版）、and even the Baltic states of [[]]（英語版）、[[]]（英語版）、[[]]（英語版）have a common ticketing network, so it is possible to buy a ticket for a Russian train in all those countries（e.g.]]（Brest）. The price will be roughly the same, unless you go to a travel agency. Small differences depend on whether bedding（–{{RUB}}） and insurance（{{RUB}}） are included. If the bedding is not included in your ticket, you will have to pay same price to the train attendant（but, naturally, this is not required for short trips during the day）. The insurance is something that you don't really need, so just say bez strakhovkee（без страховки, without the insurance）. When buying online, insurance is typically not included.
At some stations, there are still special windows for selling tickets only for foreigners, but the price of tickets should now be the same for foreigners and local people.
Tickets are always individual, with name and passport number written on them, so you will have to show passports for all travellers when you pay（a passport photocopy is usually enough） and when you enter the train（original document should be presented）. Check this carefully. One wrong digit in your passport number printed on the ticket will most likely prevent you from boarding the train. Also, if you plan to buy tickets on more than one occasion, it may be useful to keep handy a piece of paper with the travellers names written in the [[]]（Cyrillic alphabet|英語版）instead of transcribing them each time. Also, pay attention to the train number—–at big busy stations this will help you to the right platform & train, as there may be multiple departures around the same time, with no indication of the intermediate stations served.
In Beijing, international train tickets can be bought from China International Travel Service（CITS）, which has two offices; one in the International Hotel on Jianguomen and one in the lobby of the Beijing Tourism Building, behind the New Otani Hotel. They must be bought in person.
乗車券のオンライン販売
Tickets can be purchased online. Most routes support "electronic registration"—a printout of your booking confirmation is sufficient, but it is safer and advisable to have your tickets printed out in an official manner. You can do this in any cash desk or in one of the special ticket machines, which are now installed on bigger train stations. Always print your ticket at least an hour before departure, because ticket machines are often jammed or out of paper, while cash desks are notorious for very long queues. Hand over your passport and order confirmation（or just the order number）. The cashier will issue you a paper ticket for no additional fee. They can print all your tickets at the same time.
Buying tickets at the official Russian Railways website is quite difficult but a bit cheaper than at the stations because there will be no processing fee. You can also select the car and your seat/place, and explore all options. However, not all foreign credit cards are accepted. You can buy domestic tickets up to 45日間 before departure, international tickets 60日間 before departure. International tickets are usually more expensive than domestic ones, so it is advisable to make a stopover shortly before border crossing and travel with domestic tickets as far as possible.
ロシア国内の発券所
駅の統一番号
Station numbers are used internally in the Russian railway computer system, but they are usually printed on the tickets as well. Knowing them may help when making the reservation in smaller stations（you could bring this page and use it for pointing）, or when buying the tickets abroad.
{{infobox}}
国際駅
駅の付番は西から東へ増えていきます。
- 5100136]]（en:Warsaw/英語版）– Central Station（Warszawa Centralna）
- 2100035]]（Brest/[[:en:Belarus [[]]（Брест）
- 1000001]]（en:Helsinki/[[:en:Finland [[]]（Хельсинки）
- 3100022]]（en:Ulaanbaatar/en:Mongolia（Улан-Батор）
- 3300100]]（en:Beijing/en:China（Пекин, 北京）
- 3300200]]（[[:en:Harbin [[]]/en:China（Харбин, 哈尔滨）
ロシア国内
主な駅の一覧は、西から東へ番号が増えていきます。
- 2058000]]（en:Kaliningrad（Калининград）
- 2004000]]（en:St Petersburg（Санкт-Петербург）
- 2004001]]（英語版）– Glavnyi Station（Санкт-Петербург（Главный вокзал））
- 2004004]]（英語版）– Finliandskii Station（Санкт-Петербург（Финляндский вокзал））
- 2000000]]（en:Moscow（Москва）
- 2000002]]（英語版）– Yaroslavskij Station（Москва（Ярославский Вокзал））
- 2000003]]（英語版）– Kazanskij Station（Москва（Казанский Вокзал））
- 2000006]]（英語版）– Bieloruskij Station（Москва（Белорусский Вокзал））
- 2060001]]（en:Nizhny Novgorod（Нижний Новгород）—–often listed with the former name of the city, Gorki（Горький）
- 2060500]]（en:Kazan（Казань）
- 2030000]]（en:Ekaterinburg（Екатеринбу́рг）—–often listed with the former name of the city, Sverdlovsk（Свердловск）
- 2044001]]（en:Novosibirsk（Новосибирск）
- 2028170]]（en:Tomsk（Томск）
- 2038001]]（en:Krasnoyarsk（Красноярск）
- 2054052]]（en:Severobaikalsk（Северобайкальск）
- 2054001]]（en:Irkutsk（Иркутск）
- 2054785]]（en:Ulan Ude（Улан-Удэ）
- 2034001]]（en:Khabarovsk（Хабаровск）
- 2034130]]（en:Vladivostok（Владивосток）
料金
Since January 2016 a new 'dynamic pricing' system has been in force in Russia. You can easily pay {{RUB}} or more to get from Moscow to Vladivostok. Fares vary widely. The prices change with the quality of the trains. Low-numbered trains（001, 008, etc.） are more expensive and more comfortable. You are more likely to find yourself in an air-conditioned car with clean toilet（"biotoilet" meaning that it does not splash crap on the tracks and, therefore, remains open during the whole journey）. High-numbered trains（133, 139, etc.） are less expensive and less comfortable. Expect older cars without air conditioning and with old-style toilets, which are locked when train is on the station and sometimes even 15–20min prior to that. However, Russian Railways do not guarantee any particular type of train car for your journey. Even expensive trains may get older, less comfortable cars.
おおよその目安は次の通りです。
- St Petersburg–Moscow overnight service about {{€}}（2nd class, one way）, depending on dynamic pricing, train quality and date, and {{€}} for express Sapsan service,（standard class seat）.
- Moscow–Ekaterinburg about {{€}}（2nd class, one way）, for standard passenger service, standard season, or {{€}} for branded faster service.
- Ekaterinburg–Krasnoyarsk about {{€}}（2nd class, one way）.
- Krasnoyarsk–Irkutsk about {{€}}（2nd class, one way）.
- Irkutsk–Vladivostok about {{€}}（2nd class, one way）.
In 2019, the price for a reserved seat（3rd class, "platzkart"） was around {{RUB}}, a compartment（2nd class, "kupe"） {{RUB}} and a luxury bed（1st class, "SV"） {{RUB}} for a one-way ticket from Moscow to Vladivostok（or the other way around） according to the web page of Russian Railways.
Russian Railways offer seasonal pricing for domestic train tickets（varying -20% to +35% of the "base price"）. Tickets are usually more expensive in summer and cheaper in winter. Additionally, a so-called dynamic system is introduced on certain routes. This is similar to airlines. You get lower price when buying your ticket well in advance（40–45日間 before departure） and a much higher price when buying the ticket on the day of the departure. Short trips may be ridiculously expensive（€2030 for 1–2 hours）, whereas a journey for several thousand kilometres turns out to be surprisingly affordable.
時刻表
{{cautionbox}}
The 本線 trains have varied schedules: some trains are daily while some go on even dates, some on odd dates and some trains depart only on a couple of days during a week.
Russian Railways has all Russian train schedules, as well as some of the international trains departing from Russian destinations, such as Moscow–Beijing. Only actual availability is shown, which is released 60 or 45日間 prior to departure for all Russian trains and 60日間 for most international trains. Russian spellings are obviously in use: Beijing is Pekin, Moscow is Moskva,]]（英語版）is Sankt-Peterburg,]]（英語版）is Ekaterinburg or Sverdlovsk（old name of the city）,]]（英語版）is ウランウデ,]]（英語版）is Ulan-Bator, and Khabarovsk is Habarovsk.
Unless you travel all way from Moscow to Beijing or Vladivostok on the same train, especially if you embark outside a major city, you may have to take so-called "passing-by"（проходящие） trains that begin their journey very far, perhaps thousands kilometres away from your departure station. The distribution of tickets is a bit tricky. It is not "first-come first-serve" basis that would fill up the train in a random manner. Some seat ranges are reserved for departures from certain stations, so you can, at least in theory, buy tickets for any route well in advance. Once the seat range assigned to your station is sold out, you won't find tickets from this station any longer, until 72 hours before departure, when all remaining seats become available. If you are really keen on that, you can try to cheat the system by playing around with departure and arrival stations and finding the ticket you really want. But most likely you can get what you need without going too deep into how the system works.
Other good options for doing your own planning includes the Deutsche Bahn travelplanner. It's available in many languages including English, French, and Spanish. It has fewer transliteration issues that the Russian websites, but it includes only the limited firmenny "fast" trains. Another good option is the Poezda railway table（search Google） one of the few online scheduling tools in English that doesn't try to sell you tickets, and it has a nice simple interface to boot. If you understand Russian, the Russian Internet portal Yandex has a handy real time information service including schedules for trains and stations and current locations of trains are shown on a map.
行く Go
It's not worth getting off at every stop. The places listed below（except the junctions and border crossings） are the most interesting ones. 停留所ごとに降車する価値はありません。最も興味深い場所は、以下にリストしました。（路線の分岐点と国境検問所を除く）
{{Mapframe}}
シベリア横断鉄道の本線
シベリア横断鉄道の本線 connects Moscow with Vladivostok.
Generally there is one train a day in each direction, either a slower or a faster one. From Moscow train 100 leaves Jaroslavl station at 00:35 in the night and arrives in Vladivostok almost 6日間 and 19 hours later（19:35, however 02:13 local time）. The slightly faster train, number 002 departs Moscow 13:50 and arrives in Vladivostok almost exactly six日間 later, at 13:10（20:10 local time）.
In the other direction train 099 leaves Vladivostok at 18:42（Moscow time, in local time that means 01:42） and is in Moscow 6日間 and 19 hours later at 11:03. The slightly faster 001 leaves Vladivostok at 04:25 Moscow time（which is 11:25 local time） and is in Moscow at 05:52, which means it takes 6日a hour and a half.
The time and route below are for the faster trains（002 and 001）. Trains 099/100 take a different route from Moscow and pass via [[]]（英語版）instead of [[]]（英語版）but joins the former before [[]]（英語版）。
| 都市名 | 距離（モスクワ発、km） | 時間（モスクワ発、h=
時間） |
標準時 | 説明 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{Marker}}（Москва） | 0 km | 0 時間 | Moscow | The Russian capital has some world-famous landmarks, including the Kremlin, Red Square and St. Basil. Moscow is obviously a superb destination for anyone interested in Russian history with museums, old churches and buildings both from the Soviet Era and earlier times. |
| {{Marker}}（Владимир） | 210 km | 3h | Moscow | Founded in the 12th century, Vladimir is known for its white medieval stone architecture which is one of Russia's 世界遺産（UNESCO World Heritage Sites|英語版）and a part of the 「黄金の輪」（英語版）。If you travel on the slower train which goes via ヤロスラヴリ（英語版）、the historic center of that city also on UNESCO's list and on the Golden Ring itinerary, although from a later time period. |
| {{Marker}}（Ни́жний Но́вгород） | 442 km | 6 時間 | Moscow | During Soviet times, this 13th century city was called Gorki, and among the city's museums there is one dedicated to the writer. Like Moscow and some other Russian cities, Nizhniy Novgorod also has a Kremlin. Additionally, it boasts the Volga river and a great selection of traditional Russian architecture. |
| {{Marker}} | 447 km | 6 時間 | Moscow | The first major Russian river you will cross is the Volga, just moments after leaving Nizhniy Novgorod's railway station. |
| {{Marker}}（Пермь） | 1,436 km | 20 時間 | Moscow+2 | Perm is known for its cultural events and institutions like PERMM, the only contemporary art gallery in Russia. Side trips include a cave in [[]]（英語版）and a former Gulag camp turned into a museum. |
| {{Marker}} | 1,777 km | 1 day, 1 時間 | Moscow+2 | The border between Europe and Asia is marked by a white obelisk in the forest. You are now a little over a day from Moscow. |
| {{Marker}}（Екатеринбу́рг） | 1,816 km | 1 day, 1 時間 | Moscow+2 | The capital of the Urals region has an impressive collection of Soviet-period buildings and interesting museums showcasing local crafts, arts, and nature. |
| {{Marker}}（Тюме́нь） | 2,144 km | 1 day, 6 時間 | Moscow+2 | Tyumen was one of the early Russian forts in Siberia. It is a good starting point for expeditions into the [[]]（Tyumen region|英語版）、including the ancient city of [[]]（英語版）、the first Russian settlement in Siberia and the place to see old Russian architecture, including abundant wooden houses. |
| {{Marker}} | 2,706 km | 1 day, 13 時間 | Moscow+3 | Before arriving in Omsk, you will cross the Irtysh river. |
| {{Marker}}（Омск） | 2,712 km | 1 day, 13 時間 | Moscow+3 | Omsk was for a brief period after the revolution the capital of White Russia. Among the sights are a military museum, the Cossacks' Cathedral with a Cossack banner and Siberian carved-wood houses. |
| {{Marker}} | 3,332 km | 1 day, 22 時間 | Moscow+3 | Ob, yet another prominent Siberian river is crossed before you arrive in Novosibirsk. |
| {{Marker}}（Новосиби́рск） | 3,335 km | 1 day, 22 時間 | Moscow+3 | Russia's third largest city is not the most interesting stop on the track. Sights include historic areas of the city, a zoo and Lenin square with the nearby geographical centre of the Soviet Union. It is a starting point for journeys into the Altai Mountains and [[]]（英語版）。 |
| {{Marker}}（Тайга́） | 3,565 km | 2日1 時間 | Moscow+4 | The village of Tayga isn't important on its own merits, but from here you can relatively easily get to [[]]（英語版）、a student city with wooden architecture. |
| {{Marker}}（Красноярск） | 4,095 km | 2日9 時間 | Moscow+4 | The scenic city of Krasnoyarsk was established by the Cossacks. The city has several museums, monuments and trade-and-entertainment centres. Further away there's a huge hydroelectric dam and the Stolby Nature Reserve with granite pillars. If you're going to Beijing via モンゴル横断鉄道, you've already come half the distance from Moscow. |
| {{Marker}} | 4,101 km | 2日9 時間 | Moscow+4 | And also Krasnoyarsk sits by a large river, which you will cross on your journey eastwards. |
| {{Marker}} | 4,515 km | 2日間 15 時間 | モスクワ+5 | After the village of Tayshet, the [[]]（英語版）forks off to the north. |
| {{Marker}}（Иркутск） | 5,185 km | 3日2 時間 | モスクワ+5 | Over halfway from Moscow to Vladivostok, 3日間 into your journey, Irkutsk is located on the shore of a [[]]（英語版）、namely [[]]（英語版）。The city itself offers traditional Siberian ornamented wooden houses, an icebreaker, a dam and, of course, several churches and museums dedicated to the culture and history of the region. One special souvenir to buy are kamusi—–traditional fur boots. From Irkutsk you can also take a trip on the [[]]（英語版）。 |
| {{Marker}}（Улан-Удэ） | 5,642 km | 3日11 時間 | モスクワ+5 | The gate to the Ethnographic museum shows that you've come to the East and not just that—–ウランウデ has a distinct Mongolian air with Buddhist sites and old mansions from the time when the city was a major trading point in the region. |
| {{Marker}} | 5,655 km | 3日11 時間 | モスクワ+5 | Not long after ウランウデ there's an important junction; the Trans-Siberian 本線 continues straight east to Vladivostok, while モンゴル横断鉄道 goes south to Mongolia and China. |
| {{Marker}}（Чита） | 6,199 km | 3日18 時間 | Moscow+6 | The formerly closed city Chita offers a couple of religious sights. As the city sees few visitors, especially Westerners are seen as a curiosity. |
| {{Marker}} | 6,312 km | 4日0 時間 | Moscow+6 | モスクワ発車からおよそ4日目、満州横断鉄道はハルビンと北京に向かって南下。 |
| {{Marker}} | 8,515 km | 5日11 時間 | Moscow+7 | After a very long stretch without any major cities you will cross the Amur, the last of the major rivers on this itinerary. The river bridge is depicted on the {{RUB}} banknote. |
| {{Marker}}（Хабаровск） | 8,521 km | 5日11 時間 | Moscow+7 | After the river you will arrive in Khabarovsk. If museums are your thing, there are several museums with the "Far Eastern" prefix where you can familiarize yourself with the region's military history, art, general history and... the Far Eastern Railway—–which includes the easternmost part of the Trans-Siberian! |
| {{Marker}}（Владивосток） | 9,288 km | 6日0 時間 | Moscow+7 | Six日間 after you've started, or a few hours longer if you've taken the slower train, you arrive in Vladivostok on the Pacific Ocean. The railway station is built in the same style as Moscow's Yaroslavl Station, on the other end of the track. The Russian Pacific fleet is based here—–the city was built for that purpose—–so there are an abundance of naval sites and memorials to visit, as well as scenic nature of the Pacific coast. |
モンゴル横断鉄道 Trans-Mongolian
モンゴル横断鉄道 connects Moscow and Beijing. It follows the same tracks as the Trans-Siberian for a little more than half the way, then forks off south t時間ough Mongolia and into China. All stations in this section are five hours ahead of Moscow time.
モンゴル横断鉄道はモスクワと北京を結び、半分強はシベリア鉄道と同じ路線を進むと分岐して南下、モンゴルを通って中国に入ります。この分岐線の全駅では、モスクワ時間との時差は5時間早くなります。
モンゴル横断鉄道, train 43（identified as train K4 in China）, leaves Moscow each Tuesday at 23:45 and arrives in Beijing on Monday afternoon at 11:40. Westwards, train number 33（identified as train K3 in China） leaves Beijing at 11:22 each Wednesday and is in Moscow the following Monday at 13:58. In addition, there are two weekly trains between Moscow and Ulaanbataar. Train 6 goes from Moscow each Wednesday and Thursday at 23:45 and arrive in Ulaanbaatar on Monday and Tuesday morning at 06:45. In the other direction, train 5 leaves Ulaanbataar every Tuesday and Friday at 15:25, arriving in Moscow at 13:58 five日間 later, on Saturday or Tuesday.
モンゴル横断鉄道の列車番号43は中国側の識別番号K4列車、モスクワ発車は毎週火曜午後11時45分、北京到着予定は翌週月曜午後11時40分です。西へ向かう列車番号33は中国側のK3列車、北京発車は毎週水曜日午前11時22分、モスクワ到着予定は翌月曜日午後1時58分です。さらにまた、モスクワとウランバートル間の列車は週2本運行し、列車番号6はモスクワ発車が毎週水曜・木曜の午後11時45分、ウランバートル到着予定は州をまたいだ月曜と火曜の午前6時45分です。反対方向の列車番号5はウランバートル発車が毎週火曜・金曜の午後3時25分、モスクワ到着予定は5日後、土曜または火曜の午後1時58分です。
バイカル湖から北京へ
To continue after a break at the Baikal might be difficult, especially in peak seasons—–so plan your itinerary and buy your tickets beforehand.
バイカル湖で休憩した後に列車の旅を続けようとする場合は事前に旅程を計画し、特に繁忙期には乗車券の入手が難しい場合があるため、出発前の購入をお勧めします。
ウランバートル滞在中に北京に行く必要ができたけれども、乗車券を持っていない場合は直通列車を避けるほうが良いかもしれません。料金が高い上、乗車券売り場に行っても売り切れが多く、闇屋が公式価格の3～5倍で売りつけようと近づいてきて—–悪質な取引に関わらず、普通列車で国境の町ザミンウード（Zamiin Uud（$15）まで移動しマイクロバスに乗り換えます。中国に入国すると北京行きのバスに乗り継ぎができます（USD40）。
| 都市名 | モスクワからの距離（km） | モスクワからの所用時間 | 標準時 | 説明 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{Marker}} | 5,655 km | 3日11 時間 | モスクワ+5 | ウランウデを過ぎるとまもなくモンゴル横断鉄道はシベリア横断鉄道から分岐します。 |
| {{Marker}}（Наушки） | 5,902 km | 3日17 時間 | モスクワ+5 | ロシア国境の駅ナウシキは、間違いなく路線のロシア領最後の駅です。あるいは北京方面から走ってくると、最初のロシアの駅にあたります。ビザを忘れないようにしてください。ロシアとモンゴルの国境地帯は、同じ標準時間帯です。 |
| {{Marker}}（Сүхбаатар） | 5,925 km | 3日19 時間 | UTC+9 | Sühbaatar is the Mongolian border railway station. Like Naushki, the train is going to stand here for quite a bit longer than at earlier stations. |
| {{Marker}}（Улаанбаатар） | 6,304 km | 4日4 時間 | UTC+9 | Mongolia's capital is one of the highlights of the route. Sites dedicated to the history from the great Mongolian Empire to the present day and Buddhist monasteries. It is also possible to go hiking in the mountains near the city. The city is the best possible starting point for trips to anywhere in Mongolia; the nearby]]（英語版）gives a taste of Mongolian nature and offers the possibility to sleep in a traditional ger. |
| {{Marker}}（Замын-Үүд） | 7,013 km | 4日17 時間 | UTC+9 | After a journey t時間ough the Gobi desert, the train arrives in the border station of Zamyn-Üüd. |
| {{Marker}}（二连浩特） | 7,023 km | 4日19 時間 | UTC+8 | Also known as Erlian, Erenhot is the Chinese border station. Here the bogies are changed, to fit the Chinese gauge; yet another interesting thing about the trains between Russia and China. This takes 3-4 hours and you'll need to disembark with all your bags while they do it. |
| {{Marker}}（朱日和） | 7,182 km | 5日1 時間 | UTC+8 | A town governed by Sonid Right Banner, [[]]（Xilin Gol|英語版）、near a major training center of Chinese army. |
| {{Marker}}（集宁） | 7,356 km | 5日3 時間 | UTC+8 | Also known as Ulanqab, an important railway junction and a mining city, from where travellers can get to the nearby city]]（Datong|英語版）in 2 hours by train, which has quite a few things worth visiting, even an UNESCO World Heritage Site—–the Yungang Grottoes with 51,000 Buddha statues. Several monasteries, an 11th century pagoda, Heng Mountain which is one of the sacred mountains of Taoism and [[]]（英語版）stalls add to the experience—–you've arrived in China. |
| {{Marker}}（张家口） | 7,534 km | 5日5 時間 | UTC+8 | Zhangjiakou is a city northwest of Beijing. Part of [[]]（英語版）and a gate in the Wall, Dajing Gate, is in Zhangjiakou, which used to be an important part in the transportation and trade between Han and Mongolia people. Most skiing events of the 2022 Winter Olympics were held in Taizicheng Area in Chongli District of Zhangjiakou, and a zippy new bullet train line that was built for the occasion. |
| {{Marker}}（北京） | 7,854 km | 5日9 時間 | UTC+8 | Few cities have are so packed with historical sights as Beijing. The most important ones are Tiananmen Square, the Forbidden City, the Gate of Heavenly Peace, the Temple of Heaven and the [[]]（英語版）a one hour bus ride away, but you could easily spend a week exploring the city. From Beijing you can get to pretty much everywhere else in China—–why not continue your train journey when you've come this far? |
満州横断鉄道
満州横断鉄道はロシア語で Vostok（東）と呼ばれ、終端が北京である点は前のモンゴル横断鉄道と同じです。ただしシベリア横断鉄道区間は全長の3分の2程度で前者よりも少し長く、分岐すると南下してモンゴル領に入らないママ中国国境を越えます。
満州横断鉄道の鉄道番号20は中国側でK20汽車と呼ばれ、モスクワ発車は毎週土曜午後11:45、北京到着予定は翌週土曜の05:46。鉄道番号19、中国側名称のK19汽車は北京発車は毎週土曜の夜11時正時でありモスクワ到着予定は翌週金曜の午後5時58分です。
| City | モスクワからの距離 km | モスクワからの所用時間 | 標準時間帯 | 説明 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{Marker}} | 6,312 km | 4日0 時間 | Moscow+6 | After about two thirds of the length of the Trans-Siberian 本線, the 満州横断鉄道 tracks veer off south. |
| {{Marker}}（Забайка́льск） | 6,666 km | 4日7 時間 | Moscow+6 | Zabaykalsk is the Russian border station.The cars will get different bogies that fit the Chinese gauge, which will make for a longer wait. China is one hour behind local Russian time. |
| {{Marker}}（满洲里） | 6,678 km | 4日13 時間 | UTC+8 | Across the border there's Manzhouli, the Chinese border station. |
| {{Marker}}（海拉尔） | 6,824 km | 4日19 時間 | UTC+8 | Downtown district of [[]]（Hulunbuir|英語版）、famous for its grasslands. |
| {{Marker}}（博克图） | 7,034 km | 5日0 時間 | UTC+8 | A town governed by]]（en:Yakeshi（牙克石）, a railway junction. |
| {{Marker}}（昂昂溪） | 7,303 km | 5日4 時間 | UTC+8 | Ang'angxi is a district of the city [[]]（英語版）。Zhalong Nature Reserve is southeast of the city, which is home to lots of birds including cranes. |
| Marker|type=maroon|lat=45.75949 | long=126.62568| image=North Terminal of Harbin Railway Station 01.jpg| name=[[:en:Harbin [[]]}}（哈尔滨） | 7,613 km | 5日8 時間 | UTC+8 | Harbin is a Chinese city with Russian influences, many buildings were constructed by the Russians a century ago, there's a sizeable Russian minority and you can even find matryoshka dolls for sale. Major points of interest include the Tiger Park, a couple of parks and a few museums. If you are here in the winter, don't miss the Ice and Snow Sculpture Festival. |
| {{Marker}}（长春） | 7,819 km | 5日11 時間 | UTC+8 | Changchun was the capital of the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo. There are palaces and government departments of Manchukuo, and other buildings of Japanese style in Changchun. |
| {{Marker}}（四平） | 7,934 km | 5日12 時間 | UTC+8 | An important railway junction. |
| {{Marker}}（沈阳） | 8,122 km | 5日14 時間 | UTC+8 | Shenyang is the largest city in the northeast of China. Nuhaci's imperial palace, Mukden Palace, and the first two imperial tombs of the Qing Dynasty—–Zhaoling within Beiling Park（literally Northern Tomb Park） and Fuling within Dongling Park（literally Eastern Tomb Park） are all UNESCO World Heritage Sites. |
| {{Marker}}（锦州） | 8,364 km | 5日17 時間 | UTC+8 | An important railway junction and a mining city. |
| {{Marker}}（山海关） | 8,585 km | 5日19 時間 | UTC+8 | Shanhaiguan is where one part of the Great Wall ends into the ocean. The city also boasts other Great Wall related sights. A few minutes away by train there's the larger city of [[]]（英語版）、best known as a beach resort, to which Shanhaiguan belongs as a district. |
| {{Marker}}（唐山） | 8,721 km | 5日19 時間 | UTC+8 | Tangshan is an important industrial city near Beijing and Tianjin. There is Earthquake Museum in Tangshan, memorial of the 1976 Tangshan earthquake, believed to be the largest earthquake of the 20th century by death toll. |
| 1 goMarker|type=maroon|lat=39.13628 | long=117.20948| image=Tianjin Railway Station（20160414114801）.jpg|name=[[:en:Tianjin]]}}（天津） | 8,844 km | 5日21 時間 | UTC+8 | Tianjin is one of the five national central cities of China. Tianjin's urban area is located along the Hai River, and was once home to foreign concessions in the late Qing Dynasty and early Kuomintang era. |
| {{Marker}}（北京） | 9,001 km | 5日23 時間 | UTC+8 | Few cities are so packed with historical sights as Beijing. The most important ones are the Tiananmen Square, the Forbidden City, the Gate of Heavenly Peace, the Temple of Heaven and the [[]]（英語版）、a one-hour bus ride away, but you could easily spend a week exploring the city. From Beijing you can get to pretty much everywhere else in China—–why not continue your train journey when you've come this far? |
オプション旅
興味深い行き先は「線路外」にもあります。横断鉄道に乗る前、あるいは降車後の訪問先にサンクトペテルブルクがよく選ばれます。タタール人の首都カザン（英語版）はモスクワとエカテリンブルクの中間にあるトボリスク（英語版）、シベリアの古都トムスク（英語版）はチュメニから 200 km少々の距離で、ノヴォシビルスクまたはクラスノヤルスクから足を伸ばすと、シベリアで最も美しいと言われる都市を訪れることができます。この鉄道旅のハイライトの1つバイカル湖（英語版）の最寄り駅は、イルクーツクとセヴェロバイカリスクです。車窓からも湖面が見えるものの、湖周辺の地域を探索してみてはいかがでしょうか。この地域に数日間滞在する人には、風光明媚なオリホン島（英語版）へ行く人がしばしばいます。
モンゴルではウランバートル周辺のエリアは足を伸ばす価値があります。たとえばテレルジ国立公園（英語版）あるいは遠隔地ですがゴビ砂漠（英語版）などです。中国の主要な観光名所の1つが万里の長城で、鉄道路線からそれほど離れていません。
旧ソビエト連邦時代にシベリア横断鉄道の並行軌道が敷かれ、その1つは鉱山都市ペトロパヴル（Petropavl）経由でカザフスタン（英語版）北部に入り、その後オムスク（英語版）でロシアに戻ると再び標準ルートに合流します。西側のパスポート保持者はロシアを出国してカザフスタンに入国するときはビザ不要でも、問題はロシア領に再び戻る際、ロシアとカザフスタンの2国間査証またはロシアの複数次入国ビザを求められる点です。わざわざ特別な苦労をしてビザを手に入れても、ペトロパヴルを駆け足で観光するだけなら意味がありません。さらに南にあるカザフスタンの首都アスタナ（英語版、旧ヌルスルタン） やアルマトイ（英語版）などの重要ポイントなら、苦労してビザを手に入れる価値があります。中国北西部のウルムチ（英語版）からは、西安や北京への超高速列車に乗り継ぎもできます。ただしそれを利用してしまうと、単に国境を越えた寄り道ではなく、モスクワからウルムチへ（英語版）という別の旅程に相当します。
買う
Costs depend mainly on the level of quality you want. A trip in second class and staying at mid-range hotels together with a simpler meal and sightseeing or a show will cost you €100–120 per day. If you want your train trip and hotels to be first class and take guided trips it's easy to raise the daily costs up to €500. Self-catering, travel in third class and staying at hostels you can get the daily expenses down to as little as €20–30. China and Mongolia are somehow cheaper and more accessible for tourism than Russia. There aren't really any discounts. An international（or local） student card can get you a few discounts, but senior discounts are unheard of.
Many world currencies can be exchanged at good rates in any city. Bringing local currency isn't necessary, as the rates in local banks are much better. Save for China, don't exchange moneys at airports（or just as much you need to get into town）. In Russia, rates at exchange booths are usually similar to those in the banks. Money exchange is not possible on the train. In China the exchange rates are fixed by the government and private banks often refuse to change Swiss francs so you need to go to the governmental bank to exchange them.
Credit cards can be used in hotels, better restaurants, travel agencies and major grocery stores. In Moscow and Beijing they are widely accepted. Visa cards are the ones most frequently accepted in ATMs.
Travellers cheques can be cashed only at a few places, but the rates are acceptable.
A typical tip in Russia is 5–10%. You are not required to pay the tip when you are not satisfied with the service. In Mongolia the bill is usually rounded up. Neither of these practices is common in China.
食べる
You will learn to know many different cuisines on a journey like this. For a more elaborate list of local specialities, please refer to particular cities' and regions' articles. Below are just a couple of general train-related things listed.
Many of the trains have dining cars. Prices are high for the quality you get. A main dish will cost €5–8. You may get freshly cooked food during lunch and dinner time, but on other occasions expect frozen food, which is warmed up in a microwave and becomes less than palatable. Drinks and alcohol are about 2–3 times more expensive than in the stores. On the other hand, you are not allowed to consume alcohol（save for beer） on board, and you are not allowed to bring your own alcohol to the dining cars, so if you want to drink, pay the price or do it quietly in your compartment, as most locals do. First-class tickets and even some of the 2nd-class tickets may include food（snacks for breakfast, warm food for lunch and dinner）. A lady will come to your compartment and bring a couple of plastic bowls with warm food. It is usually freshly cooked and quite edible.
On the [[]]（en:Moscow–英語版）route the train stops for 20–30 minutes every 3–4 hours. Everybody can get out of the train, and there are often people on the platform that offer a variety of fresh local food（eggs, fish, cheese, bread, fruits, meat or cheese in a cake） and often some drinks for passengers. Many railway stations 最近は require them to purchase a license to keep their stand at the platform. Between Beijing and Novosibirsk, platform vendors were observed only in Choir, Mongolia, and Mariinsky, Russia. Prices are low; only Russian rubles are accepted. A highlight is the smoked fish（Omul） being sold on the shore of Lake Baikal（Station: Slyudyanka, a quick stop, so be fast）. Some of the larger stations will have food marts with snacks and alcohol.
Food and drinks are also sold in kiosks at the platforms, but normally twice as expensive. To get a reasonable price, wait for a station with a longer stop, and just exit the train station, usually there are plenty of kiosks or small shops just outside, offering a wider choice. Supermarkets（not necessarily of the western kind）, affordable]]（food stands|英語版）and simpler restaurants can be found at most stops. More lavish restaurants and fast food chains can be found in major cities. However familiar western chains are to be found only in Moscow and Beijing.
北京（英語版）発ハルビン（英語版）経由の場合、中国（英語版）の最後の駅は満州里市（英語版）。The food being sold there is quite expensive, but many Russians stock up on provisions（i.e. spirits and beer）. You can take a maximum of 2 litres of alcohol（either beer or vodka or any combination of those） per person into Russia or you will have to pay a "penalty"（bribe） to the customs. Get rid of all your Chinese Yuan here unless you want to take them as a souvenir as they become virtually worthless once abroad. There are a couple of black market money changers in front of the station that change renminbi to rubles at ripoff rates. To get rubles, you have plenty of time on the Russian side of the border]]（en:Zhabaikalsk）. Walk to the ATM located at the bank in town. Allow 30 minutes to go and come back. The train stops for several hours while the carriages are being changed, so you can do some shopping at the local food markets（bread, cheese, etc.）.
北京（英語版）発モンゴル経由でロシアに入ると、やはり貨幣換算で損をさせられる。There is a very reasonable foreign exchange office at Ulan Baator station, in the waiting area. Most if not all platform vendors in Mongolia and Russia take U.S. dollars or euros. However, they take only notes, so know the exchange rate and buy a lot if you are using a €5 note. Always ask the attendant how much time is available before you rush off into a station to find a Bankomat（ATM） because the train will not wait for you. If you are not spending time in Mongolia, avoid acquiring Mongolian tögrög. They are worthless virtually everywhere else, and the export of tögrög is illegal. Therefore, spend dollars or euro, but get rubles immediately because Russian vendors are more likely to fabricate exchange rates than Mongolian or Chinese platform vendors.
Food is traditionally placed on the table in the compartment. It is not uncommon to share food. This makes for a nice picnic where you learn to know your fellow passengers. It is polite to let them invite you and that you also have something to bring along. Why not bring something from your home country?
Every carriage has a samovar（hot water dispenser, lit. "self cooker"） that is kept hot t時間oughout the whole journey. Have a stack of dried soups, teabags and Nescafe ready. Just bring your own cup, or ask one from the train attendant. Train attendants also sell tea, coffee, snacks and even freeze-dried meals at slightly inflated prices.
飲む
英語版）is an important part of Russian culture and thus it's not unusual to have some vodka at your compartment picnic. At this stage, you have to be careful and you need to know when to stop. First, drinking strong alcohol is not allowed in Russian trains, but, as always in Russia, "not allowed" does not mean "forbidden". Carriage attendants will pretend not to see you unless you are making a noise or other drama. Police may go t時間ough the train and harass people who are drinking, so stay quiet and keep bottles under the table. Never drink more than you can. A drinking competition will for sure land you in a hospital or worse. Use your common sense when fellow travellers offer you something. You are much more likely to taste a good drink than to get into trouble, but troubles are not unheard of and range from bad alcohol to alcohol intentionally mixed with drugs that will make you an easy victim.
Other than that,]]（英語版）is also an important drink; in Russia this will mean black tea with lemon, in China green tea. It's drunk at breaks, after meals and sometimes as an aperitif.
The samovar also comes in handy when you'd like some hot drinks（the water is free but bring your own tea or buy some from the carriage attendant）. It's usually possible to buy soft drinks and beer in the restaurant carriage to bring back to your carriage.
It's worth having a basic]]（p時間asebook|英語版）as attendants are unlikely to speak English and the drinks provided won't come with milk or sugar unless you specifically ask for them.
泊まる
All tickets for long journey trains are for sleeping places. In the 1st and 2nd classes, they are about 1.9 m long and about half a metre wide. 3rd-class carriages have shorter berths. Some trains between Moscow and Saint Petersburg have seating places. Few trains in Russia have all 4 types of cabins to choose from:
- First class（SV） is, except the t時間ee 'M'-classes, the most comfortable and quite expensive. The price is at least twice as much as in 2nd class. Each cabin consists of two sofas flanking each side of the compartment, which convert into beds for sleeping. On some trains such as モンゴル横断鉄道, the first-class compartments have private bat時間ooms. Service in first class actually somewhat resembles the service you would expect in Europe and North America, which is worth considering since Russian railways are notoriously bureaucratic and not very service-minded, to say the least. The compartment doors can be locked from within, but these locks can be opened from the outside with a key. If the security chain is used, the door can only be opened 5 cm.
- Second class（Kupe） somewhat compares to the standard on Western European sleeper trains. These carriages are compartmentalized, with each compartment holding 4 beds. You will share the two lower bunks during the day, and there is no other place to sit except for the dining car. Most trains will have male-only, female-only, and mixed compartments. You can choose any of the two depending on your preference. Kupe is a good compromise between relative comfort, and the ability to meet and mingle with the Russians. Prices are comparable to the cheapest economy-class plane ticket. 2nd-class tickets may be combined with food and "service". Food means hot food served twice a day. "Service" implies small things like toothbrush, sleepers, tea, coffee, and snacks included in the price of your ticket.
- Third class（Platzkart） bears some resemblance to the hard sleeper class on Chinese trains: many find this class to be much better than its reputation. These carriages are in an open layout with two lower and two upper berths（seat numbers 1–36）, a narrow corridor, and another two berths that are stretched along the side of the carriage（seat numbers 37–52）, the latter are not recommended.
There is little in the way of privacy here, but many do prefer this option, at least for a short overnight trip, because you do not find yourself locked in a compartment with t時間ee strangers. It also gives a more uniquely Russian experience, and you will see a larger—–and different—–demographic than in second class. The price is usually 40–50 % lower than in the 2nd class. Lots of middle-class people travel this way, but you may also meet young men returning from the military service and other noisy or drunk companions, so it is a bit more adventurous than hiding oneself in a closed compartment. On the downside, 3rd class carriages have shorter berths that will be uncomfortable for anyone taller than 1.75 m. Lights are dimmed, but not completely switched off during the night. - Fourth class（Obshchy） is the cheapest way of travel. It can be found on slower trains. Most people will only use it for short trips not exceeding 10–12 時間. 4th-class carriages may have individual seats, as in European trains, but you are more likely to find yourself in a 3rd-class carriage, where each lower berth accommodates t時間ee people, and additionally one person is supposed to lie on the upper berth. In fact, upper berths are most popular here. They are filled first, regardless of seat numbers written on the tickets. Then other people will sit or lie on the lower berths.
If the train arrives at your destination before 08:00 local time, the carriage attendant will wake you up half an hour before arrival. Otherwise you will be notified 15 minutes before arrival.
Talk
While Russia is a huge country and some regions have their own local language,]]（英語版）is taught in every school, and serves as the lingua franca between different ethnic groups. If you know some Russian, you can use it t時間oughout the trip. If you don't, it's still worth learning the Cyrillic alphabet, since many signs do not have a transcription in Latin script.
[[]]（英語版）、the language of Mongolia, also uses the Cyrillic alphabet with two additional letters. However, Russian is the most widely studied foreign language in Mongolia, so you would generally be able to get by in the cities if you speak Russian. On the other hand, Mongolians have a strong sense of animosity against China and find it offensive to be addressed in Mandarin.
In northeastern China]]（Mandarin Chinese|英語版）is spoken. It's a tonal language and someone unfamiliar with Chinese reading Latin transcriptions that don't show tones is unlikely to be understood by locals. Likewise, most locals are also unable to understand Latin transcriptions of Chinese. In other words, if you cannot speak Chinese（well）, have somebody, for example at your hotel, write down addresses in Chinese characters to show to taxi drivers, etc. Russian is generally not widely spoken beyond the border towns.
English is spoken mostly by youth and educated people. Outside Saint Petersburg and Moscow, the locals' English knowledge is not very good, and they usually speak with a strong accent. A few older Russians can speak German and some younger people can speak French. English is also not widely spoken in China, though staff at major hotels and tourist attractions that see many foreign visitors usually speak a basic level of English.
安全を確保する
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シベリア横断鉄道はとても安全ですし、4人グループで同行して自分たち専用のコンパートメント（客室）を予約すると、内側からロック2つをかけられるので非常に安全です。ロックの片方は専用の鍵で外から開き、もう1つは外からは開かず、施錠するとわずかな隙間だけ開きます。夜間は両方のロックをかけるようお勧めします。ソ連崩壊後、一時は盗難や集団強盗のホットスポットだったモンゴル横断鉄道も満州鉄道も、2021年1月現在、車内の法執行が強化されたおかげで両路線とも安全になりました。個室を離れるとき、外からは施錠できませんが、乗務員に頼むと代わりに鍵をかけてくれます。
3等車では個人の空間が狭めで、身を守る余地も減ります。下段の寝台で眠る場合は、ベッド下の空間を荷物置き場に使いましょう。上段なら頭上の棚をご利用ください。列車を降りて駅舎に行くときは、貴重品はすべて持ちましょう。物が盗まれることはめったにありませんが、十分に用心する必要があります。
ロシアの警察は状況に応じて旅行者の味方にも悪敵にもなります。各列車には警察官が最低1名同乗し、酔っぱらいや麻薬売人、物乞いや犯罪者を探して警らします。駅で嫌がらせや脅迫を受けた場合は駅員に連絡すると、警察に通報します。2010年代初頭に発生したテロ攻撃後は、各駅に多数の警察官が配置され、身分証ほかの確認や手荷物検査が散発的に行われる傾向がありました。警官の目をひくような行為は避けてください。列車を降りるときは、切符とパスポートを必ず忘れずに身につけます。ロシア警察は、鉄道や駅舎、電車の写真を撮る人にも非常に神経質で、テロ対策でぴりぴりしている側面の一でもあります。写真を撮ったからと言って警官ともめる可能性は外国人、特に西洋人の観光客なら低いですが、警官に写真を削除するよう求められた場合は、素直に削除して、そんな出来事は忘れましょう（またはウェブのバックアップから後で復元してください）。警官の写真は絶対に撮ってはいけません。
経験則として、大都市よりも小さな町の方が安全ではありません。一人旅の場合は人のいない場所を避けて人混みを選ぶのが唯一の対策で、ただしスリ]]（英語版）にご用心。乗車区間が短めの場合は、列車が目的地に到着する時間帯が真夜中の場合もあります。（行き先をよく知っている場合は別として）朝まで駅舎内で過ごすか、日中に到着する電車を選んでください。
外観からいかにも旅行者だとわかると、市場で高い値段で商品を売りつけられたり、タクシー運転手に法外な料金を請求されるかもしれません。対策はロシア人の気質を知っておくことで、価格交渉（値切り＝英語版）の腕が効きます。値段は常にルーブルで交渉し、売り手がアメリカドルで提示しても、実際にはアメリカドルで支払うつもりでも、耳を貸さないことです。ドル換算はその当日の為替相場に合わせます。そうは言っても、アメリカドルで支払いができる店はほとんどありません。
売り子やタクシーの運転手に腕を掴まれ、屋台や車まで引きずって行こうとすることがよくあります。こういう場合、手を振りほどいて別の場所へ移動するだけで十分です。相手には危害を加えてやろうという意図はなく、ただ商品やサービスを高額で売りつけたいだけであり、争う必要はありません。
一部のホテルや駅の隣でも売春が行われています。お金や健康を失う可能性を避けるために、避けてください。あらゆる種類の薬物についても同様です。
夜間に最も危険な都市はおそらくウランバートルです。路上は危険すぎるため、ホテルやホステルではしばしば、深夜から午前6時までドアを閉じています。
健康に過ごす
この旅程のような長旅は、出発するときに心身ともに万全である必要があり、調子が悪いまま出発して、道中、さらに悪化する場合はよくあることだからです。先進国あるいは西側諸国の優れた医療基準は、実際にはモスクワと北京の私立診療所でしか提供されていません。モンゴルには応急手当てのセット（英語版）を持っていくべきです。小さな怪我の手当てならウランバートルの私立クリニックで十分ですが、何か重大な病気や怪我の場合は移動の費用などにこだわらず、必ず北京かヨーロッパまたはアメリカへ行くほかありません。
野生動物にうっかり近寄らないでください。健康リスクには、鳥インフルエンザや狂犬病も含まれるからです。
水道水といっても、飲料には安全ではないかもしれません。ロシア人は水道水は煮沸したら安全だと考えており、サモワールで沸かした飲み物は水道水で作っています。用心を重ねるなら、ボトル入りの飲料水を持ち込んでください。ただし車内では湯を沸かすことはできない点に注意してください。
尊敬する〈「知る」の小見出しへ移動？〉
特に一人旅の場合、電車内で地元の人々と一緒に時間を過ごすことになるため、旅行前に基本的な「やるべきこと」と「やってはいけないこと」を学んでおくと役立ちます。詳細はロシア（英語版）、モンゴル（英語版）、中国（英語版）それぞれの「尊重する」の項目を開き、訪問先の国々の文化をご一読ください。
各国が観光客に扉を開放しているとは言うものの、依然として写真撮影（英語版）を許可しない場所があります。軍や政府の建物の写真は最悪の場合、刑務所に送られる可能性があるため、決して撮らないでください。また他の政府所有の建物として鉄道駅などで撮影する前に、よく考えましょう。美術館には世界の他の場所と同様、館内の写真撮影に関して独自のルールがしばしば採用されています。
Cope
The level of comfort and the number of amenities depend on the type of the train you are taking. Newer carriages feature air conditioning and abundant power sockets, and have an overall nice look, while older carriages have none of those and may become uncomfortably hot during summer as well as very cold during the harsh Siberian winter. If you can choose between several trains on your route, the train with more expensive tickets is more likely to have newer, comfortable carriages.
Standard amenities include a berth, mattress, pillow, blanket, and bedding. Mattress, pillow, and blankets are stored on the shelf above your berth. Sometimes train attendants will prepare the bed for you, but most likely you will have to do it on your own, especially in 3rd class. Things are pretty heavy, so taking them down and manipulating them in the narrow space is not the most trivial task. People needing assistance should feel free to ask for help from fellow travellers. On a long journey, it is common to remove the bedding and mattress from the lower berths during the day, so that everyone can sit. On the other hand, people on the lower berths may prefer to take a nap. Then you have absolutely no space to sit and will be forced to lie on your upper berth, even if you don't want to. People traveling alone in 3rd class are advised to book the lower berth on the side of the carriage. This will give you the opportunity to sit and even use the table at any time, undisturbed by other passengers.
Sleeping on the train may not be as simple as you imagine. Windows are often bolted shut, which can be stiflingly hot in summer. Russian trains are not very smooth, so expect constant pushes, noises, and unavoidable disturbances from fellow travelers. 2nd class compartments offer much better conditions than 3rd class, but it is still the same as sleeping in a hostel and far worse than sleeping in your own room. The berths in the 2nd class are long enough for most people, but the berths in the 3rd class are slightly below 1.80 m. If you are taller than that, bend your legs. Letting them jut into the aisle is another option, but this will make other people hit you every time they pass by. Russians always sleep with their head toward the window and their feet toward the aisle. The opposite way of sleeping（feet toward the window） will not be frowned upon, but it is never used by locals.
Always use the dark window curtain that can be pulled against the window. This will save you from bright lights shining outside. Bring ear plugs and consider what else could help you to fall asleep in a noisy environment. A shot of strong alcohol, a favorite book, or just good music might be helpful. If you've never used night trains before, try yourself on a short, one-night journey before crossing the whole country.
[[:en:Electrical systems|Power connections [[]] may be difficult to find. Newer carriages have power sockets at each berth（or at least 2 sockets per compartment）. Older carriages have only one "public" socket next to the toilet and another one close to the samovar. Train attendants have a few extra sockets hidden inside their compartment. All sockets are designed for shavers: you may see special signs saying that laptops and gadgets should not be charged there. You can, however, connect whatever you want（kettles are not recommended）, but nobody takes responsibility for your gadgets. Although voltage is notoriously unstable, most gadgets survive this kind of shock treatment（see[[]]（Electrical systems|英語版）for some advice）.
Train attendants are your best friends in a long journey. They may have useful facilities, such as a fridge, microwave and extra power sockets. Train attendants are usually reserved with foreigners and rarely know a word of English, but most of them become more friendly the moment you try to make a small chat or present a gift. They may also help you to negotiate with police, border control, and fellow travellers.
[[:en:Toilets [[]] are usually found at both ends of the carriage. Newer carriages have closed-cycle toilets（so-called "biotoilets"） that operate at any time. Older carriages feature something similar to a latrine（hole-in-the-floor） and remain closed when the train is on the station or approaching it. There is a formal schedule posted on the door of each toilet, although train attendants tend to be kind and lock the toilets right before arrival rather than 15–20 minutes in advance. Most toilets 最近は are clean and equipped with toilet paper as well as soap. Paper towels are not common, but you always get a tiny towel with your bedding. However, sinks are very small and difficult to use, so wet napkins remain your best choice. Bringing paper towels or toilet paper is a good idea.
Showers are available on most long-distance trains, including trans-Siberian routes. One or two shower cabins are located in one carriage somewhere in the middle of the train. A small fee is collected.
en:Internet is never available on board, except on a few of the newest trains that do not run on the trans-Siberian routes. However, you can do pretty well with a mobile connection（buy a local SIM card）, even though the signal will be weak or missing in the middle of Siberian forests. These日the majority of Russians have smartphones, and it is not uncommon to see laptops or tablets even in 3rd class. Of course, take care of your belongings.
出かける
1週間の列車旅を終えて、とうとうウラジオストク（英語版）に到着すると、世界の端まで旅をした気分になるかもしれないが、地球は平面ではない。この先の選択肢は、フェリーで日本（英語版）へ、または韓国（英語版）渡るか、鉄路ならハルビン（英語版）域へ乗り、そこから中国各地を目指すか。旅を続けて北朝鮮（英語版）を目指すことは理論上は可能でも、実現は非常に困難である。
北京（英語版）を終点にした場合も、中国（英語版）国内のさまざまな都市を訪れるなり、アジア各地へ足を延ばすこともできる。北京は鉄道交通網が比較的よく整備されているので、ここを起点にするなら中国の高速鉄道（High-speed rail|英語版）が国内各地への移動に最も便利。北朝鮮へも運行しており、事前に北朝鮮のビザが取れたかどうか、十分に確認したい。時間が許すなら、電車やバス、フェリーを組み合わせて実際にパプアニューギニア（英語版）まで行くことも可能。
シベリア横断旅行の終着点をモスクワ（英語版）に設定した場合は、「黄金の輪」（英語版）を探索できる。サンクトペテルブルク（英語版）から 北欧諸国（英語版）まで行くか、直通列車から選んで ヨーロッパ（en:Europeの目的地へ向かうか。中央ヨーロッパへの直通列車はベラルーシ（英語版）を通るため、入国する全員が事前にビザを取得し、持って歩く必要がある。
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