gorjear

Portuguese

Etymology

From gorja +‎ -ear.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ɡoʁ.ʒeˈa(ʁ)/ [ɡoɦ.ʒeˈa(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ɡoʁ.ʒeˈa(ʁ)/ [ɡoɦ.ʒeˈa(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /ɡoɾ.ʒeˈa(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ɡoʁ.ʒeˈa(ʁ)/ [ɡoʁ.ʒeˈa(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ɡoɻ.ʒeˈa(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɡuɾˈʒjaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɡuɾˈʒjaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɡuɾˈʒja.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: gor‧je‧ar

Verb

gorjear (first-person singular present gorjeio, first-person singular preterite gorjeei, past participle gorjeado)

1. (of a bird) to warble, to sing
   • Gonçalves Dias (1843) Canção do exílio: “As aves que aqui gorjeiam / Não gorjeiam como lá.”

Conjugation

    Conjugation of gorjear (e becomes ei when stressed) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	gorjear
Personal	gorjear	gorjeares	gorjear	gorjearmos	gorjeardes	gorjearem
Gerund
	gorjeando
Past participle
Masculine	gorjeado			gorjeados
Feminine	gorjeada			gorjeadas
Indicative
Present	gorjeio	gorjeias	gorjeia	gorjeamos	gorjeais	gorjeiam
Imperfect	gorjeava	gorjeavas	gorjeava	gorjeávamos	gorjeáveis	gorjeavam
Preterite	gorjeei	gorjeaste	gorjeou	gorjeamos1, gorjeámos2	gorjeastes	gorjearam
Pluperfect	gorjeara	gorjearas	gorjeara	gorjeáramos	gorjeáreis	gorjearam
Future	gorjearei	gorjearás	gorjeará	gorjearemos	gorjeareis	gorjearão
Conditional	gorjearia	gorjearias	gorjearia	gorjearíamos	gorjearíeis	gorjeariam
Subjunctive
Present	gorjeie	gorjeies	gorjeie	gorjeemos	gorjeeis	gorjeiem
Imperfect	gorjeasse	gorjeasses	gorjeasse	gorjeássemos	gorjeásseis	gorjeassem
Future	gorjear	gorjeares	gorjear	gorjearmos	gorjeardes	gorjearem
Imperative
Affirmative		gorjeia	gorjeie	gorjeemos	gorjeai	gorjeiem
Negative (não)		não gorjeies	não gorjeie	não gorjeemos	não gorjeeis	não gorjeiem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Spanish

Etymology

From gorja +‎ -ear.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡoɾxeˈaɾ/ [ɡoɾ.xeˈaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: gor‧je‧ar

Verb

gorjear (first-person singular present gorjeo, first-person singular preterite gorjeé, past participle gorjeado)

1. (intransitive) to chirp

Conjugation

    Conjugation of gorjear (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			gorjear
gerund			gorjeando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		gorjeado		gorjeada
		plural		gorjeados		gorjeadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	gorjeo	gorjeastú gorjeásvos	gorjea	gorjeamos	gorjeáis	gorjean
	imperfect	gorjeaba	gorjeabas	gorjeaba	gorjeábamos	gorjeabais	gorjeaban
	preterite	gorjeé	gorjeaste	gorjeó	gorjeamos	gorjeasteis	gorjearon
	future	gorjearé	gorjearás	gorjeará	gorjearemos	gorjearéis	gorjearán
	conditional	gorjearía	gorjearías	gorjearía	gorjearíamos	gorjearíais	gorjearían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	gorjee	gorjeestú gorjeésvos2	gorjee	gorjeemos	gorjeéis	gorjeen
	imperfect (ra)	gorjeara	gorjearas	gorjeara	gorjeáramos	gorjearais	gorjearan
	imperfect (se)	gorjease	gorjeases	gorjease	gorjeásemos	gorjeaseis	gorjeasen
	future1	gorjeare	gorjeares	gorjeare	gorjeáremos	gorjeareis	gorjearen
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		gorjeatú gorjeávos	gorjee	gorjeemos	gorjead	gorjeen
	negative		no gorjees	no gorjee	no gorjeemos	no gorjeéis	no gorjeen

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of gorjear

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive gorjear
	dative	gorjearme	gorjearte	gorjearle, gorjearse	gorjearnos	gorjearos	gorjearles, gorjearse
	accusative	gorjearme	gorjearte	gorjearlo, gorjearla, gorjearse	gorjearnos	gorjearos	gorjearlos, gorjearlas, gorjearse
with gerund gorjeando
	dative	gorjeándome	gorjeándote	gorjeándole, gorjeándose	gorjeándonos	gorjeándoos	gorjeándoles, gorjeándose
	accusative	gorjeándome	gorjeándote	gorjeándolo, gorjeándola, gorjeándose	gorjeándonos	gorjeándoos	gorjeándolos, gorjeándolas, gorjeándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative gorjea
	dative	gorjéame	gorjéate	gorjéale	gorjéanos	not used	gorjéales
	accusative	gorjéame	gorjéate	gorjéalo, gorjéala	gorjéanos	not used	gorjéalos, gorjéalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative gorjeá
	dative	gorjeame	gorjeate	gorjeale	gorjeanos	not used	gorjeales
	accusative	gorjeame	gorjeate	gorjealo, gorjeala	gorjeanos	not used	gorjealos, gorjealas
with formal second-person singular imperative gorjee
	dative	gorjéeme	not used	gorjéele, gorjéese	gorjéenos	not used	gorjéeles
	accusative	gorjéeme	not used	gorjéelo, gorjéela, gorjéese	gorjéenos	not used	gorjéelos, gorjéelas
with first-person plural imperative gorjeemos
	dative	not used	gorjeémoste	gorjeémosle	gorjeémonos	gorjeémoos	gorjeémosles
	accusative	not used	gorjeémoste	gorjeémoslo, gorjeémosla	gorjeémonos	gorjeémoos	gorjeémoslos, gorjeémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative gorjead
	dative	gorjeadme	not used	gorjeadle	gorjeadnos	gorjeaos	gorjeadles
	accusative	gorjeadme	not used	gorjeadlo, gorjeadla	gorjeadnos	gorjeaos	gorjeadlos, gorjeadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative gorjeen
	dative	gorjéenme	not used	gorjéenle	gorjéennos	not used	gorjéenles, gorjéense
	accusative	gorjéenme	not used	gorjéenlo, gorjéenla	gorjéennos	not used	gorjéenlos, gorjéenlas, gorjéense

Derived terms

• gorjeador
• gorjeo

 

Further reading

• “gorjear”, in Diccionario de la lengua española (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy, 2023 November 28