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{{Han ref|kx=0376.040|dkj=10312|dj=0702.120|hdz=42271.030|uh=5FCD|ud=24525|bh=A7D4|bd=42964}}
{{Han ref|kx=0376.040|dkj=10312|dj=0702.120|hdz=42271.030|uh=5FCD|ud=24525|bh=A7D4|bd=42964}}
{{Han ref|uh=2F89D}}
{{Han ref|uh=2F89D}}

----


==Chinese==
==Chinese==
Line 25: Line 23:


===Etymology===
===Etymology===
;to bear, to endure, to suffer
; “to bear, to endure, to suffer”
:From {{der|zh|sit}}; cognate with {{cog|bo|ཉན་པ||to be able}} ({{w|Schuessler, 2007}})
: From {{der|zh|sit}}; cognate with {{cog|bo|ཉན་པ||to be able}} ({{zh-ref|Schuessler (2007)}}). See also perhaps {{och-l|能|able, capable}}.


; “cruel”
;cruel
:From {{der|zh|sit}}; cognate with {{cog|bo|གཉན་པ||cruel, fierce, severe}} (ibid.).
: From {{der|zh|sit}}; cognate with {{cog|bo|གཉན་པ||cruel, fierce, severe}} (ibid.).


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
Line 35: Line 33:
|m=rěn
|m=rěn
|ma=Zh-ren.ogg
|ma=Zh-ren.ogg
|m-s=
|m-s=ren3
|dg=жын2
|c=jan5,jan2
|c=jan5,jan2
|c-t=
|c-t=ngin4
|g=
|g=nyiin3
|h=pfs=ngiûn
|h=pfs=ngiûn;gd=ngiun1
|j=
|j=reng2
|mb=něng
|mb=něng
|md=ṳ̄ng/nūng
|md=ṳ̄ng/nūng
Line 48: Line 47:
|mn-t=lung2/nung2/rim2/rêng2/ring2
|mn-t=lung2/nung2/rim2/rêng2/ring2
|mn-t_note=lung2 - vernacular (Chaozhou); nung2 - vernacular (Jieyang); rim2 - literary (Chaozhou); rêng2 - literary (Jieyang); ring2 - literary (Chenghai, Chaoyang)
|mn-t_note=lung2 - vernacular (Chaozhou); nung2 - vernacular (Jieyang); rim2 - literary (Chaozhou); rêng2 - literary (Jieyang); ring2 - literary (Chenghai, Chaoyang)
|mn-l=yieng2
|w=3nyin,3zen
|px=pt,xy:zing3/pt:nong3/xy:nuong3
|px_note=zing3 - literary; nong3/nuong3 - vernacular
|w=sh:6gnin,6zen
|w_note=3nyin - colloquial; 3zen - literary
|w_note=3nyin - colloquial; 3zen - literary
|x=
|x=ren3
|mc=y
|mc=y
|oc=y
|oc=y
|cat=v
|cat=v,a
}}
}}


===Definitions===
===Definitions===
{{zh-hanzi}}
{{head|zh|hanzi}}


# to [[endure]]; to [[bear]]; to [[suffer]]
# to [[endure]]; to [[bear]]; to [[suffer]]
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#: {{zh-x|忍 著[着]{zhe} 眼淚|to hold back tears}}
#: {{zh-x|忍 著[着]{zhe} 眼淚|to hold back tears}}
#* {{zh-x|子曰：「巧言 亂 德，小-不忍 則 亂 大-謀。」|The Master said, "Crafty words confound virtue. Want of '''forbearance''' in small matters confounds great plans."|ref=Lunyu}}
#* {{zh-x|子曰：「巧言 亂 德，小-不忍 則 亂 大-謀。」|The Master said, "Crafty words confound virtue. Want of '''forbearance''' in small matters confounds great plans."|ref=Lunyu}}
# to [[have]] the [[heart]] to; to be [[hardhearted]] [[enough]] to
# cruel, callous
# {{lb|zh|literary}} [[cruel]]; [[callous]]
#* {{zh-x|維 此 良人、弗-求 弗-迪。<br>維 彼 忍心、是-顧 是-復。|Here is a good man, but he is not sought out nor employed.</br>There is a '''cruel'''-hearted man, and he is thought of and promoted once and again.|ref=Shijing}}
#* {{zh-x|維 此 良人、弗-求 弗-迪。<br>維 彼 忍心、是-顧 是-復。|Here is a good man, but he is not sought out nor employed.</br>There is a '''cruel'''-hearted man, and he is thought of and promoted once and again.|ref=Shijing}}

====Synonyms====
* {{s|to endure}}
{{syn-saurus|zh|忍受}}
* {{s|to have the heart to}} {{zh-l|忍心}}
* {{s|cruel}}
{{syn-saurus|zh|殘暴}}


===Compounds===
===Compounds===
{{zh-der|不忍|不忍下手|不忍坐視|不忍心|不忍言|不忍釋手|動心忍性|包羞忍恥|吞聲忍氣|吞聲忍讓|含垢忍恥|含垢忍辱|含悲忍淚|含羞忍辱|堅忍|堅忍不拔|容忍|弘忍|強忍|忍不住|忍俊不禁|忍冬|忍受|忍垢|忍垢偷生|忍尤含詬|忍心|忍心害理|忍性|忍恥偷生|忍恥含垢|忍恥含羞|忍氣吞聲|忍無可忍|忍田|忍痛|忍石|忍者|忍者龜|忍耐|忍術|忍讓|忍辱|忍辱偷生|忍辱含垢|忍辱含羞|忍辱求全|忍辱負重|忍飢挨餓|忍饑受渴|忍饑受餓|忮忍|愛不忍釋|慘不忍睹|慘不忍聞|於心不忍|於心何忍|殘忍|氣忍聲吞|濡忍|猜忍|痛不堪忍|百忍|目不忍睹|目不忍視|相忍為國|聲吞氣忍|能忍自安|落忍|隱忍|難以忍受|難忍|不忍人之心}}
{{col3|zh|不忍|不忍下手|不忍坐視|不忍心|不忍言|不忍釋手|動心忍性|包羞忍恥|吞聲忍氣|吞聲忍讓|含垢忍恥|含垢忍辱|含悲忍淚|含羞忍辱|堅忍|堅忍不拔|容忍|弘忍|強忍|忍不住|忍俊不禁|忍冬|忍受|忍垢|忍垢偷生|忍尤含詬|忍心|忍心害理|忍性|忍恥偷生|忍恥含垢|忍恥含羞|忍氣吞聲|忍無可忍|忍田|忍痛|忍石|忍者|忍者龜|忍耐|忍術|忍讓|忍辱|忍辱偷生|忍辱含垢|忍辱含羞|忍辱求全|忍辱負重|忍飢挨餓|忍饑受渴|忍饑受餓|忮忍|愛不忍釋|慘不忍睹|慘不忍聞|於心不忍|於心何忍|殘忍|氣忍聲吞|濡忍|猜忍|痛不堪忍|百忍|目不忍睹|目不忍視|相忍為國|聲吞氣忍|能忍自安|落忍|隱忍|難以忍受|難忍|不忍人之心}}


===Descendants===
⚫
{{zh-cat|Elementary}}
* {{desc|vi|nhịn|bor=1}}

===References===
* {{R:yue:Hanzi}}


⚫
{{cat|cmn|Elementary Mandarin}}
----


==Japanese==
==Japanese==
Line 137: Line 151:
===Etymology===
===Etymology===
{{ja-kanjitab|しの|o1=ぶ|yomi=k}}
{{ja-kanjitab|しの|o1=ぶ|yomi=k}}
{{swp|lang=ja|シノブ}}

===Noun===
{{ja-noun|しのぶ|シノブ}}

# squirrel's foot fern, {{taxlink|Davallia mariesii|species}}
#: {{syn|ja|忍草|tr=shinobu-gusa}}

====Usage notes====
{{U:ja:biology}}


===Proper noun===
===Proper noun===
Line 147: Line 171:
<references/>
<references/>


{{C|ja|Ferns}}
----


==Korean==
==Korean==

===Etymology===
{{rfe|ko|Middle Korean readings, if any}}

===Pronunciation===
{{ko-hanja-pron|인}}


===Hanja===
===Hanja===
{{ko-hanja-search}}
{{ko-hanja|참다|인}}
{{ko-hanja|참다|인}}


# {{rfdef|ko}}
----


==Vietnamese==
==Vietnamese==

Latest revision as of 19:34, 22 October 2024

忍 U+5FCD, &#24525;
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5FCD
← 忌
[U+5FCC] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 忎 →
[U+5FCE]
忍 U+2F89D, &#194717;
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F89D
← 徚
[U+2F89C] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 志 →
[U+2F89E]

Translingual

[edit]
Traditional 忍
Simplified 忍
Japanese 忍
Korean 忍

Han character

[edit]

忍 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 尸戈心 (SIP), four-corner 17332, composition ⿱刃心)

Derived characters

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 376, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10312
  • Dae Jaweon: page 702, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2271, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+5FCD

Chinese

[edit]
trad. 忍
simp. # 忍

Glyph origin

[edit]
Characters in the same phonetic series (刃) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
涊 *nɯːnʔ, *njɯnʔ
紉 *nɯn
忍 *njɯnʔ
荵 *njɯnʔ
刃 *njɯns
認 *njɯns, *njɯŋs
仞 *njɯns
軔 *njɯns
韌 *njɯns
肕 *njɯns
牣 *njɯns
杒 *njɯns
訒 *njɯns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njɯnʔ) : phonetic 刃 (OC *njɯns, “blade”) + semantic 心 (“heart”).

Etymology

[edit]
“to bear, to endure, to suffer”
From Sino-Tibetan; cognate with Tibetan ཉན་པ (nyan pa, “to be able”) (Schuessler (2007)). See also perhaps 能 (OC *nɯː, *nɯːs, *nɯːŋ, *nɯːŋʔ, “able, capable”).
“cruel”
From Sino-Tibetan; cognate with Tibetan གཉན་པ (gnyan pa, “cruel, fierce, severe”) (ibid.).

Pronunciation

[edit]
Note:
  • ṳ̄ng - literary;
  • nūng - vernacular.
Note:
  • zing3 - literary;
  • nong3/nuong3 - vernacular.
Note:
  • lím/jím - literary;
  • lún - vernacular.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: lung2 / nung2 / rim2 / rêng2 / ring2
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lúng / núng / jím / jéng / jíng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /luŋ⁵²/, /nuŋ⁵²/, /d͡zim⁵²/, /d͡zeŋ⁵²/, /d͡ziŋ⁵²/
Note:
  • lung2 - vernacular (Chaozhou);
  • nung2 - vernacular (Jieyang);
  • rim2 - literary (Chaozhou);
  • rêng2 - literary (Jieyang);
  • ring2 - literary (Chenghai, Chaoyang).
Note:
  • 3nyin - colloquial;
  • 3zen - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 忍
Mandarin Beijing /ʐən²¹⁴/
Harbin /ʐən²¹³/
Tianjin /in¹³/
/ʐən¹³/
Jinan /ʐẽ⁵⁵/
Qingdao /iə̃⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ʐən⁵³/
Xi'an /ʐẽ⁵³/
Xining /ʐə̃⁵³/
Yinchuan /ʐəŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /ʐə̃n⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /ʐɤŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /nən⁴²/
Chengdu /zən⁵³/
Guiyang /zen⁴²/
Kunming /ʐə̃⁵³/
Nanjing /ʐən²¹²/
Hefei /ʐən²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /zəŋ⁵³/
Pingyao /ʐəŋ⁵³/
Hohhot /ʐə̃ŋ⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /ȵiŋ²³/
/zəŋ²³/
Suzhou /zən³¹/
Hangzhou /zen¹³/
Wenzhou /ȵaŋ³⁵/
Hui Shexian /niʌ̃³⁵/
Tunxi /ȵin²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /ʐən⁴¹/
Xiangtan /in⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /ȵɨn²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /ŋiun⁴⁴/
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou /jɐn³⁵/
Nanning /jɐn²⁴/
Hong Kong /jɐn³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /lim⁵³/
/lun⁵³/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /yŋ³²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /neiŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /zim⁵³/
/luŋ⁵³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /zin²¹³/
/zun²¹³/
/nun²¹³/
Rime
Character 忍
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 日 (38)
Final (韻) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 而軫切
Baxter nyinX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ȵiɪnX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ȵinX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ȵʑjenX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ȵinX/
Li
Rong 		/ȵiĕnX/
Wang
Li 		/ȵʑĭĕnX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ȵʑi̯ĕnX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		rěn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jan5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 忍 忍
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		rěn rěn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ nyinX › ‹ nyinX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*nə[n]ʔ/ /*nə[n]ʔ/
English cruel endure

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 忍
Reading # 1/1
No. 10828
Phonetic
component 		刃
Rime
group 		文
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		忍
Old
Chinese 		/*njɯnʔ/

Definitions

[edit]

忍

  1. to endure; to bear; to suffer
  2. to forbear
    忍笑  ―  rěn xiào  ―  to stifle a laugh
    忍著眼淚／忍着眼泪  ―  rěn zhe yǎnlèi  ―  to hold back tears
  3. to have the heart to; to be hardhearted enough to
  4. (literary) cruel; callous

Synonyms

[edit]
  • (to endure):
  • (to have the heart to): 忍心 (rěnxīn)
  • (cruel):

Compounds

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]
  • → Vietnamese: nhịn

References

[edit]

Japanese

[edit]
Shinjitai 忍
Kyūjitai
[1]
忍󠄁
忍+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
忍󠄄
忍+&#xE0104;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

[edit]
忍

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. patience, endurance, stamina.

Readings

[edit]

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]
Kanji in this term
忍
しの(ぶ)
Grade: S
kun'yomi
 シノブ on Japanese Wikipedia

Noun

[edit]

忍(しのぶ) or 忍(シノブ) • (shinobu) 

  1. squirrel's foot fern, Davallia mariesii
    Synonym: 忍草 (shinobu-gusa)

Usage notes

[edit]

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary).

Proper noun

[edit]

忍(しのぶ) • (Shinobu) 

  1. a unisex given name
  2. a surname

References

[edit]
  1. ^ “忍”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024

Korean

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]
Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

忍 (eumhun 참다 인 (chamda in))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

忍: Hán Nôm readings: nhẫn, nhịn, những, nhẩn, nhẵn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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