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===Etymology===
===Etymology===
;to bear, to endure, to suffer
; “to bear, to endure, to suffer”
:From {{der|zh|sit}}; cognate with {{cog|bo|ཉན་པ||to be able}} ({{zh-ref|Schuessler (2007)}})
: From {{der|zh|sit}}; cognate with {{cog|bo|ཉན་པ||to be able}} ({{zh-ref|Schuessler (2007)}}). See also perhaps {{och-l|能|able, capable}}.


; “cruel”
;cruel
:From {{der|zh|sit}}; cognate with {{cog|bo|གཉན་པ||cruel, fierce, severe}} (ibid.).
: From {{der|zh|sit}}; cognate with {{cog|bo|གཉན་པ||cruel, fierce, severe}} (ibid.).


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
Line 33: Line 33:
|m=rěn
|m=rěn
|ma=Zh-ren.ogg
|ma=Zh-ren.ogg
|m-s=
|m-s=ren3
|dg=жын2
|c=jan5,jan2
|c=jan5,jan2
|c-t=
|c-t=ngin4
|g=
|g=nyiin3
|h=pfs=ngiûn
|h=pfs=ngiûn;gd=ngiun1
|j=
|j=reng2
|mb=něng
|mb=něng
|md=ṳ̄ng/nūng
|md=ṳ̄ng/nūng
Line 46: Line 47:
|mn-t=lung2/nung2/rim2/rêng2/ring2
|mn-t=lung2/nung2/rim2/rêng2/ring2
|mn-t_note=lung2 - vernacular (Chaozhou); nung2 - vernacular (Jieyang); rim2 - literary (Chaozhou); rêng2 - literary (Jieyang); ring2 - literary (Chenghai, Chaoyang)
|mn-t_note=lung2 - vernacular (Chaozhou); nung2 - vernacular (Jieyang); rim2 - literary (Chaozhou); rêng2 - literary (Jieyang); ring2 - literary (Chenghai, Chaoyang)
|mn-l=yieng2
|w=3nyin,3zen
|px=pt,xy:zing3/pt:nong3/xy:nuong3
|px_note=zing3 - literary; nong3/nuong3 - vernacular
|w=sh:6gnin,6zen
|w_note=3nyin - colloquial; 3zen - literary
|w_note=3nyin - colloquial; 3zen - literary
|x=
|x=ren3
|mc=y
|mc=y
|oc=y
|oc=y
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===Definitions===
===Definitions===
{{zh-hanzi}}
{{head|zh|hanzi}}


# to [[endure]]; to [[bear]]; to [[suffer]]
# to [[endure]]; to [[bear]]; to [[suffer]]
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===Compounds===
===Compounds===
{{col3|zh|不忍|不忍下手|不忍坐視|不忍心|不忍言|不忍釋手|動心忍性|包羞忍恥|吞聲忍氣|吞聲忍讓|含垢忍恥|含垢忍辱|含悲忍淚|含羞忍辱|堅忍|堅忍不拔|容忍|弘忍|強忍|忍不住|忍俊不禁|忍冬|忍受|忍垢|忍垢偷生|忍尤含詬|忍心|忍心害理|忍性|忍恥偷生|忍恥含垢|忍恥含羞|忍氣吞聲|忍無可忍|忍田|忍痛|忍石|忍者|忍者龜|忍耐|忍術|忍讓|忍辱|忍辱偷生|忍辱含垢|忍辱含羞|忍辱求全|忍辱負重|忍飢挨餓|忍饑受渴|忍饑受餓|忮忍|愛不忍釋|慘不忍睹|慘不忍聞|於心不忍|於心何忍|殘忍|氣忍聲吞|濡忍|猜忍|痛不堪忍|百忍|目不忍睹|目不忍視|相忍為國|聲吞氣忍|能忍自安|落忍|隱忍|難以忍受|難忍|不忍人之心}}
{{col3|zh|不忍|不忍下手|不忍坐視|不忍心|不忍言|不忍釋手|動心忍性|包羞忍恥|吞聲忍氣|吞聲忍讓|含垢忍恥|含垢忍辱|含悲忍淚|含羞忍辱|堅忍|堅忍不拔|容忍|弘忍|強忍|忍不住|忍俊不禁|忍冬|忍受|忍垢|忍垢偷生|忍尤含詬|忍心|忍心害理|忍性|忍恥偷生|忍恥含垢|忍恥含羞|忍氣吞聲|忍無可忍|忍田|忍痛|忍石|忍者|忍者龜|忍耐|忍術|忍讓|忍辱|忍辱偷生|忍辱含垢|忍辱含羞|忍辱求全|忍辱負重|忍飢挨餓|忍饑受渴|忍饑受餓|忮忍|愛不忍釋|慘不忍睹|慘不忍聞|於心不忍|於心何忍|殘忍|氣忍聲吞|濡忍|猜忍|痛不堪忍|百忍|目不忍睹|目不忍視|相忍為國|聲吞氣忍|能忍自安|落忍|隱忍|難以忍受|難忍|不忍人之心}}

===Descendants===
* {{desc|vi|nhịn|bor=1}}


===References===
===References===
* {{R:yue:Hanzi}}
* {{R:yue:Hanzi}}


{{zh-cat|Elementary}}
{{cat|cmn|Elementary Mandarin}}


==Japanese==
==Japanese==
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===Etymology===
===Etymology===
{{ja-kanjitab|しの|o1=ぶ|yomi=k}}
{{ja-kanjitab|しの|o1=ぶ|yomi=k}}
{{swp|lang=ja|シノブ}}

===Noun===
{{ja-noun|しのぶ|シノブ}}

# squirrel's foot fern, {{taxlink|Davallia mariesii|species}}
#: {{syn|ja|忍草|tr=shinobu-gusa}}

====Usage notes====
{{U:ja:biology}}


===Proper noun===
===Proper noun===
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===References===
===References===
<references/>
<references/>

{{C|ja|Ferns}}


==Korean==
==Korean==

Latest revision as of 19:34, 22 October 2024

忍 U+5FCD, &#24525;
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5FCD
← 忌
[U+5FCC] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 忎 →
[U+5FCE]
忍 U+2F89D, &#194717;
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F89D
← 徚
[U+2F89C] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 志 →
[U+2F89E]

Translingual

[edit]
Traditional 忍
Simplified 忍
Japanese 忍
Korean 忍

Han character

[edit]

忍 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 尸戈心 (SIP), four-corner 17332, composition ⿱刃心)

Derived characters

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 376, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10312
  • Dae Jaweon: page 702, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2271, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+5FCD

Chinese

[edit]
trad. 忍
simp. # 忍

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character 忍
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (刃) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
涊 *nɯːnʔ, *njɯnʔ
紉 *nɯn
忍 *njɯnʔ
荵 *njɯnʔ
刃 *njɯns
認 *njɯns, *njɯŋs
仞 *njɯns
軔 *njɯns
韌 *njɯns
肕 *njɯns
牣 *njɯns
杒 *njɯns
訒 *njɯns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njɯnʔ) : phonetic 刃 (OC *njɯns, “blade”) + semantic 心 (“heart”).

Etymology

[edit]
“to bear, to endure, to suffer”
From Sino-Tibetan; cognate with Tibetan ཉན་པ (nyan pa, “to be able”) (Schuessler (2007)). See also perhaps 能 (OC *nɯː, *nɯːs, *nɯːŋ, *nɯːŋʔ, “able, capable”).
“cruel”
From Sino-Tibetan; cognate with Tibetan གཉན་པ (gnyan pa, “cruel, fierce, severe”) (ibid.).

Pronunciation

[edit]
Note:
  • ṳ̄ng - literary;
  • nūng - vernacular.
Note:
  • zing3 - literary;
  • nong3/nuong3 - vernacular.
Note:
  • lím/jím - literary;
  • lún - vernacular.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: lung2 / nung2 / rim2 / rêng2 / ring2
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lúng / núng / jím / jéng / jíng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /luŋ⁵²/, /nuŋ⁵²/, /d͡zim⁵²/, /d͡zeŋ⁵²/, /d͡ziŋ⁵²/
Note:
  • lung2 - vernacular (Chaozhou);
  • nung2 - vernacular (Jieyang);
  • rim2 - literary (Chaozhou);
  • rêng2 - literary (Jieyang);
  • ring2 - literary (Chenghai, Chaoyang).
Note:
  • 3nyin - colloquial;
  • 3zen - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 忍
Mandarin Beijing /ʐən²¹⁴/
Harbin /ʐən²¹³/
Tianjin /in¹³/
/ʐən¹³/
Jinan /ʐẽ⁵⁵/
Qingdao /iə̃⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ʐən⁵³/
Xi'an /ʐẽ⁵³/
Xining /ʐə̃⁵³/
Yinchuan /ʐəŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /ʐə̃n⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /ʐɤŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /nən⁴²/
Chengdu /zən⁵³/
Guiyang /zen⁴²/
Kunming /ʐə̃⁵³/
Nanjing /ʐən²¹²/
Hefei /ʐən²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /zəŋ⁵³/
Pingyao /ʐəŋ⁵³/
Hohhot /ʐə̃ŋ⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /ȵiŋ²³/
/zəŋ²³/
Suzhou /zən³¹/
Hangzhou /zen¹³/
Wenzhou /ȵaŋ³⁵/
Hui Shexian /niʌ̃³⁵/
Tunxi /ȵin²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /ʐən⁴¹/
Xiangtan /in⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /ȵɨn²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /ŋiun⁴⁴/
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou /jɐn³⁵/
Nanning /jɐn²⁴/
Hong Kong /jɐn³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /lim⁵³/
/lun⁵³/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /yŋ³²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /neiŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /zim⁵³/
/luŋ⁵³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /zin²¹³/
/zun²¹³/
/nun²¹³/
Rime
Character 忍
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 日 (38)
Final (韻) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 而軫切
Baxter nyinX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ȵiɪnX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ȵinX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ȵʑjenX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ȵinX/
Li
Rong 		/ȵiĕnX/
Wang
Li 		/ȵʑĭĕnX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ȵʑi̯ĕnX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		rěn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jan5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 忍 忍
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		rěn rěn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ nyinX › ‹ nyinX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*nə[n]ʔ/ /*nə[n]ʔ/
English cruel endure

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 忍
Reading # 1/1
No. 10828
Phonetic
component 		刃
Rime
group 		文
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		忍
Old
Chinese 		/*njɯnʔ/

Definitions

[edit]

忍

  1. to endure; to bear; to suffer
  2. to forbear
    忍笑  ―  rěn xiào  ―  to stifle a laugh
    忍著眼淚／忍着眼泪  ―  rěn zhe yǎnlèi  ―  to hold back tears
  3. to have the heart to; to be hardhearted enough to
  4. (literary) cruel; callous

Synonyms

[edit]
  • (to endure):
edit
  • (to have the heart to): 忍心 (rěnxīn)
  • (cruel):
edit

Compounds

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]
  • → Vietnamese: nhịn

References

[edit]

Japanese

[edit]
Shinjitai 忍
Kyūjitai
[1]
忍󠄁
忍+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
忍󠄄
忍+&#xE0104;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

[edit]
忍

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. patience, endurance, stamina.

Readings

[edit]

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]
Kanji in this term
忍
しの(ぶ)
Grade: S
kun'yomi
 シノブ on Japanese Wikipedia

Noun

[edit]

忍(しのぶ) or 忍(シノブ) • (shinobu) 

  1. squirrel's foot fern, Davallia mariesii
    Synonym: 忍草 (shinobu-gusa)

Usage notes

[edit]

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary).

Proper noun

[edit]

忍(しのぶ) • (Shinobu) 

  1. a unisex given name
  2. a surname

References

[edit]
  1. ^ “忍”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024

Korean

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]
Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

忍 (eumhun 참다 인 (chamda in))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

忍: Hán Nôm readings: nhẫn, nhịn, những, nhẩn, nhẵn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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