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Revision as of 18:50, 21 November 2022
Translingual
Symbol
ik
English
- Wiktionary does not have any English dictionary entry for this term. This is most likely because this term does not meet our criteria for inclusion (yet).
- Some information about this term is available in Wiktionary's entry on the Southern dialectal variant of this pronoun, ich, and in Wiktionary's entry on I.
- You can help us collect durably archived uses of this word at Citations:ik.
- If this term meets our criteria for inclusion, please create an entry for it or request that it be created.
Afrikaans
Pronunciation
Pronoun
ik
- (Cape Afrikaans or archaic) Alternative form of ek.
Albanian
Verb
ik
Angguruk Yali
Noun
ik
References
- Christiaan Fahner, The morphology of Yali and Dani (1979), page 157
Danish
Adverb
ik
- Alternative form of ik'
Dutch
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Middle Dutch ic, from Old Dutch ik, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂. Compare Low German ik, West Frisian ik, German ich, English I, Danish jeg. See I (English, etymology 3).[1]
Pronunciation
Pronoun
ik
- I (first-person singular personal pronoun)
Inflection
subject | object | possessive | reflexive | genitive5 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | full | unstr. | full | unstr. | full | unstr. | pred. | ||
1st person | ik | 'k1 | mij | me | mijn | m'n1 | mijne | me | mijner, mijns |
2nd person | jij | je | jou | je | jouw | je | jouwe | je | jouwer, jouws |
2nd person archaic or regiolectal | gij | ge | u | – | uw | – | uwe | u | uwer, uws |
2nd person formal | u | – | u | – | uw | – | uwe | u, zich7 | uwer, uws |
3rd person masculine | hij | ie1 | hem | 'm1 | zijn | z'n1 | zijne | zich | zijner, zijns |
3rd person feminine | zij | ze | haar | h'r1, 'r1, d'r1 | haar | h'r1, 'r1, d'r1 | hare | zich | harer, haars |
3rd person neuter | het | 't1 | het | 't1 | zijn | z'n1 | zijne | zich | zijner, zijns |
plural | |||||||||
1st person | wij | we | ons | – | ons, onze2 | – | onze | ons | onzer, onzes |
2nd person | jullie | je | jullie | je | jullie | je | – | je | – |
2nd person archaic or regiolectal6 | gij | ge | u | – | uw | – | uwe | u | uwer, uws |
2nd person formal | u | – | u | – | uw | – | uwe | u, zich7 | uwer, uws |
3rd person | zij | ze | hen3, hun4 | ze | hun | – | hunne | zich | hunner, huns |
1) Not as common in written language. 2) Inflected as an adjective. 3) In prescriptivist use, used only as direct object (accusative). 4) In prescriptivist use, used only as indirect object (dative). 5) Archaic. Nowadays used for formal, literary or poetic purposes, and in fixed expressions. 6) To differentiate from the singular gij, gelle (object form elle) and variants are commonly used colloquially in Belgium. Archaic forms are gijlieden and gijlui ("you people"). |
7) Zich is preferred if the reflexive pronoun immediately follows the subject pronoun u, e.g. Meldt u zich aan! 'Log in!', and if the subject pronoun u is used with a verb form that is identical with the third person singular but different from the informal second person singular, e.g. U heeft zich aangemeld. 'You have logged in.' Only u can be used in an imperative if the subject pronoun is not overt, e.g. Meld u aan! 'Log in!', where u is the reflexive pronoun. Otherwise, both u and zich are equally possible, e.g. U meldt u/zich aan. 'You log in.' |
Derived terms
Descendants
References
- ^ Friedrich Kluge (1989) “ik”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN
German Low German
Alternative forms
- ick
- (as alternative form of ick, enclitic) 'ck
- (as alternative form of ick, when strongly emphasised, rare) icke
Etymology
From Middle Low German ik, from Old Saxon ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.
Pronunciation
Pronoun
ik
- (most northern and western dialects) I (first person singular pronoun)
- Ik kem, ik sach, ik wünd.
- I came, I saw, I conquered. (Veni, vidi, vici. Attributed to Julius Caesar.)
Declension
In Störmede:[1]
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | ||||
Singular | Nominative | ik | diu | hoi | soi | iät |
(Genitive) | (van meune) | (van deune) | (van seune) | (van iähre) | (van seune) | |
Dative | meu | deu | iähne | iähr | iähne | |
Accusative | soi | iät | ||||
Plural | Nominative | weu | jeu | soi | ||
(Genitive) | (van use) | (van jiue) | (van iähre) | |||
Dative | us | jiu | iähnen | |||
Accusative | soi |
Related terms
- mien (“my, mine”, possessive); mi (“me”, dative (also generally used in place of the accusative)); mik; wi pl (“we”)
- Sauerländisch: mey, mik
- Paderbornisch: mey/my, mik; plural: wey/wy
See also
References
- ^ Franz Kemper: Stürmeder Platt: Wi et lutt düt un dat. 1998, p. 18
Gothic
Romanization
ik
- Romanization of 𐌹𐌺
Kaqchikel
Noun
ik
Latvian
Adverb
ik
Marshallese
Noun
ik
- Alternative spelling of ek
Middle English
Etymology
From Old English ic, perhaps with influence from Old Norse ek; both from Proto-Germanic *ik, *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂ (“I”).
Pronunciation
Pronoun
ik
- (chiefly Northern dialectal) Alternative form of I
- circa 1300, Homilies:
- Forthi wil I of my pouert, Schau sum thing that ik haf in hert, [...]
- circa 1300, Cursor Mundi:
- Her ik haf a litil spend, In word eftir þat ik entend, [...]
- circa 1390, Chaucer:
- But ik am oold me list not pleye for age.
- circa 1300, Homilies:
Descendants
- Scots: ik
Middle Low German
Alternative forms
Etymology
Pronunciation
Pronoun
ik
- I (first person singular nominative)
Declension
nominative | accusative | dative | genitive | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person singular | ik (ek) | mî (mê, mik, mek) | mîn (mîner) | ||
2nd person singular | dû | dî (dê, dik, dek) | dîn (dîner) | ||
3rd person singular | |||||
m | hê (hî, hie) | ēne, en (ȫne, ȫn) | ēme, em (ȫme, en) | sîn (sîner) | |
n | it (et) | ||||
f | sê (sî, sie, sü̂) | ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer) | |||
1st person plural | wî (wê, wie) | uns (ûs, ös, ü̂sik) | unser (ûser) | ||
2nd person plural | gî (jê, î) | jû (jûwe, û, jük, gik) | jûwer (ûwer) | ||
3rd person plural | sê (sî, sie) | em, öm, jüm (en, ēnen, ȫnen) | ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer) | ||
For an explanation of the forms in brackets see here. |
Descendants
North Frisian
Etymology
From Old Frisian ik, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, *ik, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.
Compare Dutch ik, German Low German ik, German ich, English I, Danish jeg.
Pronunciation
Pronoun
ik
Old Dutch
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *ik.
Pronoun
ik
Declension
1st person | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | ik, ic, ih | wī, wīr |
Accusative | mī, mik, *mic | uns, unsig |
Genitive | mīn | unsa, *unser |
Dative | mī | uns, unsig |
2nd person | Singular | Plural |
Nominative | thu, tu | gī, ir |
Accusative | thī, thik, *thic | iu, |
Genitive | thīn | iuwa, *iuwer |
Dative | thī | iu |
3rd person | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | hē, hie | sia | it |
Accusative | imo | sia | it |
Genitive | sīn, is | iro | is |
Dative | imo | iro | imo |
Plural | |||
Nominative | sia, sie (masc. plur.) | ||
Accusative | sia, sie (masc. plur.) | ||
Genitive | iro | ||
Dative | im |
Descendants
Further reading
- “ik”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012
Old Frisian
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, *ik, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.
Compare Old Saxon ik, Old English iċ, Old Dutch ik, Old High German ih, Old Norse ek, Gothic 𐌹𐌺 (ik).
Pronoun
ik
Inflection
Descendants
Old Saxon
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.
Compare Old Frisian ik, Old English iċ, Old Dutch ik, Old High German ih, Old Norse ek, Gothic 𐌹𐌺 (ik).
Pronoun
ik
Declension
Personal pronouns | |||||
Singular | 1. | 2. | 3. m | 3. f | 3. n |
Nominative | ik | thū | hē | siu | it |
Accusative | mī, me, mik | thī, thik | ina | sia | |
Dative | mī | thī | imu | iru | it |
Genitive | mīn | thīn | is | ira | is |
Dual | 1. | 2. | - | - | - |
Nominative | wit | git | - | - | - |
Accusative | unk | ink | - | - | - |
Dative | |||||
Genitive | unkero, unka | - | - | - | |
Plural | 1. | 2. | 3. m | 3. f | 3. n |
Nominative | wī, we | gī, ge | sia | sia | siu |
Accusative | ūs, unsik | eu, iu, iuu | |||
Dative | ūs | im | |||
Genitive | ūser | euwar, iuwer, iuwar, iuwero, iuwera | iro |
Descendants
Pass Valley Yali
Noun
ik
References
- Christiaan Fahner, The morphology of Yali and Dani (1979), page 157
Pwaamei
Noun
ik
References
- Jim Hollyman, K. J. Hollyman, Études sur les langues du Nord de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (1999), page 52
Scots
Etymology
From Middle English ik, from Old English ic (“I”, pronoun), from Proto-West Germanic *ik (“I”, pronoun).
Pronoun
ik
- (rare) I. Now mostly used to be emphatical.
- Wha did that? Ik!
- Who did that? I did!
- 1375, John Barbour, The Brus:
- For Ik am he, I say the soithly, [...]
- For I am he, I tell you truthfully, […]
Synonyms
See also
Tobian
Etymology
From Proto-Austronesian *Sikan.
Noun
ik
- Fish
Alternative forms
Vandalic
Pronoun
ik
1. https://glosbe.com/en/xvn/I
Wastek
Noun
ik
References
West Frisian
Etymology
From Old Frisian ik, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, *ik, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɪk/
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 513: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "unstressed" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /k/
Pronoun
ik
- I (first person singular nominative pronoun)
Inflection
Number | Person | Nominative | Objective | Possessive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normal | Reflexive | Determiner | Pronoun | ||||
Singular | First | ik | my | mysels | myn | mines | |
Second | Informal | do/dû1 | dy | dysels | dyn | dines | |
Formal | jo | jo | josels | jo | jowes | ||
Third | Masculine | hy | him | himsels | syn | sines | |
Feminine | sy/hja1 | har | harsels | har | harres | ||
Neuter | it | it | himsels | syn | sines | ||
Plural | First | wy | ús | ússels | ús | uzes | |
Second | jim(me) | jim(me) | jimsels/jinsels | jim(me) | jimmes | ||
Third | sy/hja1 | har(ren) | harsels | har(ren) | harres | ||
1. Now mostly archaic and unused |
Further reading
- “ik (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
Zealandic
Pronouns
ik
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- ISO 639-1
- English entries that don't exist
- Afrikaans terms with IPA pronunciation
- Afrikaans lemmas
- Afrikaans pronouns
- Cape Afrikaans
- Afrikaans terms with archaic senses
- Albanian non-lemma forms
- Albanian verb forms
- Angguruk Yali lemmas
- Angguruk Yali nouns
- Danish lemmas
- Danish adverbs
- Danish entries with language name categories using raw markup
- Danish eye dialect
- Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɪk
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɪk/1 syllable
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch pronouns
- Dutch personal pronouns
- German Low German terms inherited from Middle Low German
- German Low German terms derived from Middle Low German
- German Low German terms inherited from Old Saxon
- German Low German terms derived from Old Saxon
- German Low German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- German Low German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- German Low German terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- German Low German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- German Low German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German Low German lemmas
- German Low German pronouns
- German Low German terms with usage examples
- Gothic non-lemma forms
- Gothic romanizations
- Kaqchikel lemmas
- Kaqchikel nouns
- Latvian lemmas
- Latvian adverbs
- Marshallese lemmas
- Marshallese nouns
- Middle English terms inherited from Old English
- Middle English terms derived from Old English
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English pronouns
- Northern Middle English
- Middle Low German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle Low German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle Low German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Low German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Low German terms inherited from Old Saxon
- Middle Low German terms derived from Old Saxon
- Middle Low German terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle Low German lemmas
- Middle Low German pronouns
- Middle Low German personal pronouns
- North Frisian terms inherited from Old Frisian
- North Frisian terms derived from Old Frisian
- North Frisian terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- North Frisian terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- North Frisian terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- North Frisian terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- North Frisian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- North Frisian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- North Frisian terms with IPA pronunciation
- North Frisian lemmas
- North Frisian pronouns
- Old Dutch terms derived from Frankish
- Old Dutch terms inherited from Frankish
- Old Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Old Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Old Dutch lemmas
- Old Dutch pronouns
- Old Frisian terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Old Frisian terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Old Frisian terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Frisian terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Frisian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Frisian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Frisian lemmas
- Old Frisian pronouns
- Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Saxon lemmas
- Old Saxon pronouns
- Pass Valley Yali lemmas
- Pass Valley Yali nouns
- Pwaamèi lemmas
- Pwaamèi nouns
- Pwaamèi entries with incorrect language header
- Scots terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Scots terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Scots terms inherited from Middle English
- Scots terms derived from Middle English
- Scots terms inherited from Old English
- Scots terms derived from Old English
- Scots terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Scots terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Scots lemmas
- Scots pronouns
- Scots terms with rare senses
- Scots terms with usage examples
- Scots terms with quotations
- Tobian terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Tobian terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Tobian lemmas
- Tobian nouns
- Vandalic lemmas
- Vandalic pronouns
- Wastek lemmas
- Wastek nouns
- West Frisian terms inherited from Old Frisian
- West Frisian terms derived from Old Frisian
- West Frisian terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- West Frisian terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- West Frisian terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- West Frisian terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- West Frisian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- West Frisian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- West Frisian terms with IPA pronunciation
- West Frisian lemmas
- West Frisian pronouns
- West Frisian personal pronouns
- Zealandic iks