alap

See also: áĺap, àlāp, àláp, and ɑ́lɑ́p

English

Alternative forms

• alaap
• alapa

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit आलापा (ālāpā).

Noun

alap (plural alaps)

1. (music) The opening, improvised section of a Classical raga performance, before the formal recitation.
   • 1997, Kiran Nagarkar, Cuckold, HarperCollins, published 2013, page 176:

     The alaap is the part of our classical music that I like best. It is an inward voyage, an odyssey into the unknown.

Anagrams

• Pala, lapa, pa'al, pala

Galo

Noun

alap

1. wing

Hungarian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɒlɒp]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: alap
• Rhymes: -ɒp

Noun

alap (plural alapok)

1. base, foundation
2. (figuratively, especially in the forms alapon and alapján) (on a…) basis, (on the) basis (of…), (on the) grounds (of…), (by the) token (of…), (as a) matter (of…), (by) reason (of…), (at a/the/that) rate (that…)

Declension

Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	alap	alapok
accusative	alapot	alapokat
dative	alapnak	alapoknak
instrumental	alappal	alapokkal
causal-final	alapért	alapokért
translative	alappá	alapokká
terminative	alapig	alapokig
essive-formal	alapként	alapokként
essive-modal	alapul	alapokul
inessive	alapban	alapokban
superessive	alapon	alapokon
adessive	alapnál	alapoknál
illative	alapba	alapokba
sublative	alapra	alapokra
allative	alaphoz	alapokhoz
elative	alapból	alapokból
delative	alapról	alapokról
ablative	alaptól	alapoktól
non-attributive possessive - singular	alapé	alapoké
non-attributive possessive - plural	alapéi	alapokéi

Possessive forms of alap
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	alapom	alapjaim
2nd person sing.	alapod	alapjaid
3rd person sing.	alapja	alapjai
1st person plural	alapunk	alapjaink
2nd person plural	alapotok	alapjaitok
3rd person plural	alapjuk	alapjaik

Derived terms

• alapít
• alapos
• alapoz
• alapszik
• alaptalan
• alapul
• alapzat

 

Compound words

• alapalak
• alapanyag
• alapbér
• alapértelmezett
• alapfém
• alapfizetés
• alapfok
• alapismeret
• alapkamat
• alaplap
• alapműveltség
• alapszabály
• alapszint
• alapszó
• alapterület
• alapvető
• alapvonal

 

Further reading

• alap in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
• alap in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

Javanese

Romanization

alap

1. Romanization of ꦲꦭꦥ꧀

Malay

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /alap/
• Rhymes: -alap, -lap, -ap

Etymology 1

From Proto-Malayic *alap, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *alap, from Proto-Austronesian *alap (“fetch, get, take”).

First attested in the Kedukan Bukit inscription, 683 CE, as Old Malay [script needed] (alap) in inflected form maṅalap (current spelling mengalap).

Verb

alap (Jawi spelling الڤ)

1. (colloquial, Kedah Malay) to gather a fruit using pole (that attached with knife or hook).
2. (obsolete) to take.

Derived terms

• delapan, lapan
• mengalap
• alap-alap

Etymology 2

Adjective

alap (Jawi spelling الڤ)

1. slowly, calmly
2. (colloquial) quite and gentle.
3. unhurried
4. within long intervals

References

• Pijnappel, Jan (1875) “الڤ alap”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, page 17
• Wilkinson, Richard James (1901) “الڤ alap”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, page 31
• Wilkinson, Richard James (1932) “alap”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume I, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 17

Further reading

• “alap” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
• Wilkinson, Richard James. An Abridged Malay-English Dictionary. Macmillan. 1965.

Old Javanese

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *alap, from Proto-Austronesian *alap (“fetch, get, take”).

Verb

alap

1. to take
2. to fetch
3. to carry off
4. to steal
5. to seize
6. to win

Derived terms

• ahalap
• alap-alap
• alap-alapan
• alapan
• aṅalap
• aṅalap-alap
• aṅalap-alapan
• aṅalapi
• inalap
• inalapakĕn
• inalapan
• kinalapan
• kālap
• kālapan
• kālapan
• lapan
• malap
• mālap
• mālap-alapan
• palapa
• palapan
• paṅalap
• paṅalapan
• pinaṅalapakĕn
• pālapa
• umalap

 

Descendants

• Javanese: ꦲꦭꦥ꧀ (alap)

Further reading

• "alap" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

Tagalog

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈʔalap/ [ˈʔaː.lɐp̚]
• Rhymes: -alap
• Syllabification: a‧lap

Noun

alap (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎᜉ᜔)

1. shift; turn (in a work or assignment)

   Synonyms: turno, halili, halang

2. selective cutting or harvesting (of grass, rice, corn, fruits, etc.)

   Synonym: gamas

3. recruitment (of laborers)

   Synonym: kalap

4. enlistment (into the army or navy)

   Synonym: kalap

5. scum

   Synonyms: eskoma, linab

6. act of scooping out the scum (on the liquid surface)

   Synonyms: sagap, salap

Derived terms

• mag-alapan
• mang-alap
• umalap

 

See also

• gapas
• halapaw
• hapaw

 

Further reading

• “alap”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018