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ik

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Archived revision by Djkcel (talk | contribs) as of 02:25, 16 November 2022.
See also: IK, Ik, ik', ik-, -ik, and -ík

Translingual

Symbol

ik

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Inupiaq.

English

Wiktionary does not have any English dictionary entry for this term. This is most likely because this term does not meet our criteria for inclusion (yet).
Some information about this term is available in Wiktionary's entry on the Southern dialectal variant of this pronoun, ich, and in Wiktionary's entry on I.
You can help us collect durably archived uses of this word at Citations:ik.
If this term meets our criteria for inclusion, please create an entry for it or request that it be created.

Afrikaans

Pronunciation

Pronoun

ik

  1. (Cape Afrikaans or archaic) Alternative form of ek.

Albanian

Verb

ik

  1. second-person singular imperative of iki

Angguruk Yali

Noun

ik

  1. water

References

Danish

Adverb

ik

  1. Alternative form of ik'

Dutch

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Middle Dutch ic, from Old Dutch ik, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂. Compare Low German ik, West Frisian ik, German ich, English I, Danish jeg. See I (English, etymology 3).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): (stressed) /ɪk/, (unstressed) /ək/
  • audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: ik
  • Rhymes: -ɪk

Pronoun

ik

  1. I (first-person singular personal pronoun)

Inflection

Dutch personal pronouns
subject object possessive reflexive genitive5
singular full unstr. full unstr. full unstr. pred.
1st person ik 'k1 mij me mijn m'n1 mijne me mijner, mijns
2nd person jij je jou je jouw je jouwe je jouwer, jouws
2nd person archaic or regiolectal gij ge u – uw – uwe u uwer, uws
2nd person formal u – u – uw – uwe u, zich7 uwer, uws
3rd person masculine hij ie1 hem 'm1 zijn z'n1 zijne zich zijner, zijns
3rd person feminine zij ze haar h'r1, 'r1, d'r1 haar h'r1, 'r1, d'r1 hare zich harer, haars
3rd person neuter het 't1 het 't1 zijn z'n1 zijne zich zijner, zijns
plural
1st person wij we ons – ons, onze2 – onze ons onzer, onzes
2nd person jullie je jullie je jullie je – je –
2nd person archaic or regiolectal6 gij ge u – uw – uwe u uwer, uws
2nd person formal u – u – uw – uwe u, zich7 uwer, uws
3rd person zij ze hen3, hun4 ze hun – hunne zich hunner, huns
1) Not as common in written language.
2) Inflected as an adjective.
3) In prescriptivist use, used only as direct object (accusative).
4) In prescriptivist use, used only as indirect object (dative).
5) Archaic. Nowadays used for formal, literary or poetic purposes, and in fixed expressions.
6) To differentiate from the singular gij, gelle (object form elle) and variants are commonly used colloquially in Belgium. Archaic forms are gijlieden and gijlui ("you people"). 		7) Zich is preferred if the reflexive pronoun immediately follows the subject pronoun u, e.g. Meldt u zich aan! 'Log in!', and if the subject pronoun u is used with a verb form that is identical with the third person singular but different from the informal second person singular, e.g. U heeft zich aangemeld. 'You have logged in.' Only u can be used in an imperative if the subject pronoun is not overt, e.g. Meld u aan! 'Log in!', where u is the reflexive pronoun. Otherwise, both u and zich are equally possible, e.g. U meldt u/zich aan. 'You log in.'

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Afrikaans: ek
  • Berbice Creole Dutch: eke
  • Jersey Dutch: äk
  • Petjo: ik
  • Skepi Creole Dutch: ek

References

  1. ^ Friedrich Kluge (1989) “ik”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN

German Low German

Alternative forms

  • (enclitic) -'k, 'k
  • (Waldeckisch, when strongly emphasised; scientific spelling) ikə
  • ick
  • (as alternative form of ick, enclitic) 'ck
  • (as alternative form of ick, when strongly emphasised, rare) icke
  • (Eastphalia, Lippe, County of Mark, Ruhr area) ek, eck
  • (Low Prussian) öck, eck

Etymology

From Middle Low German ik, from Old Saxon ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

ik

  1. (most northern and western dialects) I (first person singular pronoun)
    Ik kem, ik sach, ik wünd.
    I came, I saw, I conquered. (Veni, vidi, vici. Attributed to Julius Caesar.)

Declension

In Störmede:[1]

1st person 2nd person 3rd person
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Singular Nominative ik diu hoi soi iät
(Genitive) (van meune) (van deune) (van seune) (van iähre) (van seune)
Dative meu deu iähne iähr iähne
Accusative soi iät
Plural Nominative weu jeu soi
(Genitive) (van use) (van jiue) (van iähre)
Dative us jiu iähnen
Accusative soi
  • mien (“my, mine”, possessive); mi (“me”, dative (also generally used in place of the accusative)); mik; wi pl (“we”)
  • Sauerländisch: mey, mik
  • Paderbornisch: mey/my, mik; plural: wey/wy

See also

References

  1. ^ Franz Kemper: Stürmeder Platt: Wi et lutt düt un dat. 1998, p. 18

Gothic

Romanization

ik

  1. Romanization of 𐌹𐌺

Kaqchikel

Noun

ik

  1. sun
  2. chili

Latvian

Adverb

ik

  1. every

Marshallese

Noun

ik

  1. Alternative spelling of ek

Middle English

Etymology

From Old English ic, perhaps with influence from Old Norse ek; both from Proto-Germanic *ik, *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂ (“I”).

Pronunciation

Pronoun

ik

  1. (chiefly Northern dialectal) Alternative form of I
    • circa 1300, Homilies:
      Forthi wil I of my pouert, Schau sum thing that ik haf in hert, [...]
    • circa 1300, Cursor Mundi:
      Her ik haf a litil spend, In word eftir þat ik entend, [...]
    • circa 1390, Chaucer:
      But ik am oold me list not pleye for age.

Descendants

Middle Low German

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old Saxon ik, from Proto-Germanic *ik.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

ik

  1. I (first person singular nominative)

Declension

Middle Low German personal pronouns
nominative accusative dative genitive
1st person singular ik (ek) mî (mê, mik, mek) mîn (mîner)
2nd person singular dû dî (dê, dik, dek) dîn (dîner)
3rd person singular
m hê (hî, hie) ēne, en (ȫne, ȫn) ēme, em (ȫme, en) sîn (sîner)
n it (et)
f sê (sî, sie, sü̂) ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer)
1st person plural wî (wê, wie) uns (ûs, ös, ü̂sik) unser (ûser)
2nd person plural gî (jê, î) jû (jûwe, û, jük, gik) jûwer (ûwer)
3rd person plural sê (sî, sie) em, öm, jüm (en, ēnen, ȫnen) ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer)

For an explanation of the forms in brackets see here.

Descendants

North Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, *ik, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂. Compare Dutch ik, German Low German ik, German ich, English I, Danish jeg.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

ik

  1. I

Old Dutch

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *ik.

Pronoun

ik

  1. I

Declension

Old Dutch personal pronouns
1st person Singular Plural
Nominative ik, ic, ih wī, wīr
Accusative mī, mik, *mic uns, unsig
Genitive mīn unsa, *unser
Dative mī uns, unsig
2nd person Singular Plural
Nominative thu, tu gī, ir
Accusative thī, thik, *thic iu,
Genitive thīn iuwa, *iuwer
Dative thī iu
3rd person Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative hē, hie sia it
Accusative imo sia it
Genitive sīn, is iro is
Dative imo iro imo
Plural
Nominative sia, sie (masc. plur.)
Accusative sia, sie (masc. plur.)
Genitive iro
Dative im

Descendants

  • Middle Dutch: ic, icke
    • Dutch: ik
      • Afrikaans: ek
      • Berbice Creole Dutch: eke
      • Jersey Dutch: äk
      • Petjo: ik
      • Skepi Creole Dutch: ek

Further reading

  • “ik”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Old Frisian

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *ek, *ik, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂. Compare Old Saxon ik, Old English iċ, Old Dutch ik, Old High German ih, Old Norse ek, Gothic 𐌹𐌺 (ik).

Pronoun

ik

  1. I

Inflection

Old Frisian personal pronoun declensions
singular plural
1st 2nd 3rd m 3rd f 3rd n 1st 2nd 3rd
nominative ik thū hī hiū, hiō hit wī jī hiā
accusative mī thī hine hiā hit ūs jū, jō hiā
dative mī thī him hire, hiāre him ūs jū, jō him, hirem, hiārem
genitive mīn thīn sīn hire, hiāre sīn ūser jūwer hira, hiāra

Descendants

  • North Frisian: ick, ik
  • Saterland Frisian: iek
  • West Frisian: ik

Old Saxon

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

Compare Old Frisian ik, Old English iċ, Old Dutch ik, Old High German ih, Old Norse ek, Gothic 𐌹𐌺 (ik).

Pronoun

ik

  1. I

Declension

Old Saxon personal pronouns
Personal pronouns
Singular 1. 2. 3. m 3. f 3. n
Nominative ik thū hē siu it
Accusative mī, me, mik thī, thik ina sia
Dative mī thī imu iru it
Genitive mīn thīn is ira is
Dual 1. 2. - - -
Nominative wit git - - -
Accusative unk ink - - -
Dative
Genitive unkero, unka

inker, inka

- - -
Plural 1. 2. 3. m 3. f 3. n
Nominative wī, we gī, ge sia sia siu
Accusative ūs, unsik eu, iu, iuu
Dative ūs im
Genitive ūser euwar, iuwer, iuwar, iuwero, iuwera iro

Descendants

  • Middle Low German: ik, ich, ig, ek
    • German Low German: ik

Pass Valley Yali

Noun

ik

  1. water

References

Pwaamei

Noun

ik

  1. louse

References

  • Jim Hollyman, K. J. Hollyman, Études sur les langues du Nord de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (1999), page 52

Scots

Etymology

From Middle English ik, from Old English ic (“I”, pronoun), from Proto-West Germanic *ik (“I”, pronoun).

Pronoun

ik

  1. (rare) I. Now mostly used to be emphatical.
    Wha did that? Ik!
    Who did that? I did!
    • 1375, John Barbour, The Brus:
      For Ik am he, I say the soithly, [...]
      For I am he, I tell you truthfully, […]

Synonyms

See also

Tobian

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *Sikan.

Noun

ik

  1. Fish

Alternative forms

Wastek

Noun

ik

  1. wind

References

West Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian ik, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, *ik, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɪk/
  • Lua error in Module:parameters at line 513: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "unstressed" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /k/

Pronoun

ik

  1. I (first person singular nominative pronoun)

Inflection

West Frisian personal pronouns
Number Person Nominative Objective Possessive
Normal Reflexive Determiner Pronoun
Singular First ik my mysels myn mines
Second Informal do/dû1 dy dysels dyn dines
Formal jo jo josels jo jowes
Third Masculine hy him himsels syn sines
Feminine sy/hja1 har harsels har harres
Neuter it it himsels syn sines
Plural First wy ús ússels ús uzes
Second jim(me) jim(me) jimsels/jinsels jim(me) jimmes
Third sy/hja1 har(ren) harsels har(ren) harres
1. Now mostly archaic and unused

Further reading

  • “ik (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
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