verwirren
Appearance
German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle High German verwirren, alteration (perhaps after irren (“to err, be lost”)) of older verwerren, from Old High German firwerran, a strong verb related with Old High German werra (“controversy, complication”); compare English war. Analysable as ver- + wirr (“confused”) + -en, though the adjective is historically a backformation from the verb. Cognate with Dutch verwarren.
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /fərˈvɪ.rən/, /fɛr-/, [fɐˈvɪʁən], [fɛɐ̯-], [-ˈʋɪ-], [-ʁn̩], [-ʁɴ̩], [-ˈvɪɐ̯n], [-ˈʋɪɐ̯n]
Audio: (file) - Hyphenation: ver‧wir‧ren
Verb
[edit]verwirren (weak or class 3 strong, third-person singular present verwirrt, past tense verwirrte or (archaic, rare) verworr, past participle verwirrt or verworren, auxiliary haben)
- to confuse
Usage notes
[edit]- This verb is generally weak. The strong preterite verworr is archaic or poetic (and even then very rare). The past participle verworren remains current, but is now widely restricted to adjectival use. For the latter, there is also a semantic restriction inasmuch as verworren means “confused, tangled” of things or ideas, whereas only verwirrt is used of people (or their minds).
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | verwirren | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | verwirrend | ||||
past participle | verwirrt verworren | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich verwirre | wir verwirren | i | ich verwirre | wir verwirren |
du verwirrst | ihr verwirrt | du verwirrest | ihr verwirret | ||
er verwirrt | sie verwirren | er verwirre | sie verwirren | ||
preterite | ich verwirrte ich verworr1 |
wir verwirrten wir verworren1 |
ii | ich verwirrte2 ich verworre1,2 |
wir verwirrten2 wir verworren1,2 |
du verwirrtest du verworrst1 |
ihr verwirrtet ihr verworrt1 |
du verwirrtest2 du verworrest1,2 du verworrst1,2 |
ihr verwirrtet2 ihr verworret1,2 ihr verworrt1,2 | ||
er verwirrte er verworr1 |
sie verwirrten sie verworren1 |
er verwirrte2 er verworre1,2 |
sie verwirrten2 sie verworren1,2 | ||
imperative | verwirr (du) verwirre (du) |
verwirrt (ihr) |
1Archaic, rare.
2Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Synonyms
[edit]Antonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]Categories:
- German terms inherited from Middle High German
- German terms derived from Middle High German
- German terms inherited from Old High German
- German terms derived from Old High German
- German terms prefixed with ver-
- German terms suffixed with -en
- German 3-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio pronunciation
- German lemmas
- German verbs
- German weak verbs
- German verbs using haben as auxiliary
- German strong verbs
- German class 3 strong verbs