κύαρ

Ancient Greek

Etymology

An old r/n-stem from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewh₁- (“to swell”), which is found thematicized in Avestan 𐬯𐬏𐬭𐬀 (sūra, “hole, lacuna”), as well as in Old Armenian սոր (sor, “hole”); a thematic n-stem occurs in Sanskrit शून (śūna, “tumid, tumescent”), सून (sūna, “emptiness, lack”), शून्य (śūnya, “empty, void”). An l-stem is supposed in κύλα (kúla, “holes under the eyelids”), but see κοῖλος (koîlos, “hollow”) too. These words are generally connected with the group of κῠ́ω (kúō, “to be pregnant with”), assuming a basic meaning "curvation", whence both "hole" and "vaulting".

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ký.ar/ → /ˈcy.ar/ → /ˈci.ar/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ký.ar/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈky.ar/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈcy.ar/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈcy.ar/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈci.ar/

Noun

κῠ́αρ • (kúar) n (genitive κῠ́ατος); third declension

1. eye of a needle
2. (anatomy) orifice of the ear, earhole

Inflection

Third declension of τὸ κῠ́αρ; τοῦ κῠ́ατος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ κῠ́αρ tò kúar	τὼ κῠ́ατε tṑ kúate	τᾰ̀ κῠ́ατᾰ tà kúata
Genitive	τοῦ κῠ́ατος toû kúatos	τοῖν κῠάτοιν toîn kuátoin	τῶν κῠάτων tôn kuátōn
Dative	τῷ κῠ́ατῐ tôi kúati	τοῖν κῠάτοιν toîn kuátoin	τοῖς κῠ́ασῐ / κῠ́ασῐν toîs kúasi(n)
Accusative	τὸ κῠ́αρ tò kúar	τὼ κῠ́ατε tṑ kúate	τᾰ̀ κῠ́ατᾰ tà kúata
Vocative	κῠ́αρ kúar	κῠ́ατε kúate	κῠ́ατᾰ kúata
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Further reading

• “κύαρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• κύαρ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN