北狄

Chinese

		north	barbarians; name of a tribe
trad. (北狄)		北	狄
simp. #(北狄)		北	狄

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Běidí

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄟˇ ㄉㄧˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): bak¹ dik⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Běidí
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄟˇ ㄉㄧˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Běidí
    • Wade–Giles: Pei³-ti²
    • Yale: Běi-dí
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Beeidyi
    • Palladius: Бэйди (Bɛjdi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: bak¹ dik⁶
    • Yale: bāk dihk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: bak⁷ dik⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: beg¹ dig⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɐk̚⁵ tɪk̚²/

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• Middle Chinese: pok dek

Rime
Character	北	狄
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	德 (131)	錫 (127)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	IV
Fanqie	博墨切	徒歷切
Baxter	pok	dek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pək̚/	/dek̚/
Pan Wuyun	/pək̚/	/dek̚/
Shao Rongfen	/pək̚/	/dɛk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pək̚/	/dɛjk̚/
Li Rong	/pək̚/	/dek̚/
Wang Li	/pək̚/	/diek̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pək̚/	/dʱiek̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bo	dí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bak1	dik6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*pˤək  lˤek/

  (Zhengzhang): /*pɯːɡ  deːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	北	狄
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	běi	dí
Middle Chinese	‹ pok ›	‹ dek ›
Old Chinese	/*pˁək/	/*lˁek/
English	north	(name of a northern tribe)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	北	狄
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	414	2206
Phonetic component	北	狄
Rime group	職	錫
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	北	荻
Old Chinese	/*pɯːɡ/	/*deːɡ/

Proper noun

北狄

1. (historical) “Northern Barbarians” (non-Chinese ethnic groups living to China's north)

Synonyms

• 胡虜／胡虏 (húlǔ)

See also

• 南蠻／南蛮 (Nánmán, “southern barbarians”)
• 西戎 (Xīróng, “western barbarians”)
• 東夷／东夷 (Dōngyí, “eastern barbarians”)