狼

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See also: 狠
狼 U+72FC, 狼
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-72FC
← 狻
[U+72FB] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 狽 →
[U+72FD]
狼 U+F92B, 狼
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F92B
← 浪
[U+F92A] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 郎 →
[U+F92C]

Translingual

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Han character

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狼 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 大竹戈日女 (KHIAV), four-corner 43232, composition ⿰犭良)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 712, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20432
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1124, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1350, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+72FC

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 狼
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • 狼 (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • 狼 (Cantonese)

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 狼
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (良) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
剆 *raːl, *raːlʔ
郎 *raːŋ
稂 *raːŋ
桹 *raːŋ
鋃 *raːŋ
硠 *raːŋ
浪 *raːŋ, *raːŋs
蜋 *raːŋ, *raŋ
琅 *raːŋ
狼 *raːŋ
欴 *raːŋ
踉 *raːŋ, *raŋ, *raŋs
莨 *raːŋ, *raːŋs
艆 *raːŋ
駺 *raːŋ
躴 *raːŋ
筤 *raːŋ
閬 *raːŋ, *raːŋs
哴 *raːŋ, *raŋs
蓈 *raːŋ
廊 *raːŋ
榔 *raːŋ, *raːŋʔ
螂 *raːŋ
瑯 *raːŋ
朗 *raːŋʔ
朖 *raːŋʔ
誏 *raːŋʔ
俍 *raːŋʔ
崀 *raːŋʔ
埌 *raːŋs
蒗 *raːŋs
娘 *naŋ
良 *raŋ
粮 *raŋ
悢 *raŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːŋ) : semantic 犭 + phonetic 良 (OC *raŋ).

Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 狼
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 唐 (101)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 魯當切
Baxter lang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/lɑŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/lɑŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/lɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/laŋ/
Li
Rong 		/lɑŋ/
Wang
Li 		/lɑŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/lɑŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		láng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		long4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 狼
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		láng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ lang ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[r]ˁaŋ/
English wolf

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 狼
Reading # 1/1
No. 8019
Phonetic
component 		良
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		郎
Old
Chinese 		/*raːŋ/
Notes 甲文作𤜪

Definitions

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狼

  1. wolf (Classifier: 匹 m; 隻／只 m c; 條／条 m; 頭／头 m)
  2. (figurative) dirty guy; pervert
  3. (Cantonese) cruel; ruthless

Synonyms

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  • (wolf):
Dialectal synonyms of 狼 (“wolf”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 狼
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 狼
Taiwan 狼
Chengde 狼
Chifeng 狼
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 狼
Heihe 狼
Qiqihar 張三兒
Harbin 狼, 張三兒
Jiamusi 狼, 狼三兒, 張三兒
Baicheng 狼
Changchun 狼
Tonghua 狼
Shenyang 狼
Jinzhou 狼, 張三兒
Singapore 狼
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 狼
Tangshan 狼
Cangzhou 狼
Baoding 狼
Shijiazhuang 狼
Lijin 狼, 媽虎
Jinan 狼, 媽虎, 媽猴
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 狼
Dandong 狼, 張三
Yantai 狼, 媽虎
Yantai (Muping) 狼, 麻胡
Qingdao 狼, 媽虎
Zhucheng 狼, 媽虎, 媽猴
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 狼, 狼扒子
Lingbao 狼
Jining 狼, 大媽虎
Wanrong 狼
Linfen 狼, 麻虎兒
Shangqiu 狼
Yuanyang 狼
Zhengzhou 狼
Xinyang 狼, 大尾巴狗
Baihe 狼
Xi'an 狼
Baoji 狼
Tianshui 狼
Xining 狼狼, 狼
Xuzhou 狼
Fuyang 狼
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 狼
Lanzhou 狼
Dunhuang 狼
Hami 狼
Ürümqi 狼
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 狼
Nanchong 狼
Dazhou 狼
Hanyuan 狼
Xichang 狼, 豺狗子, 豺狗
Zigong 狼
Chongqing 狼
Wuhan 狼, 豺狗, 豺狗子
Yichang 狼, 野狗, 豺狗
Xiangyang 狼, 豺狼
Tianmen 狼, 豺狗
Guiyang 豺狗
Zunyi 豺狗
Bijie 豺狗
Liping 狼
Zhaotong 土豹子
Dali 豺狗
Kunming 野狗, 豺狗
Mengzi 豺狗
Guilin 狼
Liuzhou 狼, 豺狼
Jishou 狼, 豺狗
Changde 豺狼
Hanzhong 狼
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 狼
Yangzhou 狼
Lianyungang 狼
Lianshui 狼
Nantong 狼
Anqing 狼
Wuhu 狼
Hefei 狼
Hong'an 狼, 豺狗
Cantonese Guangzhou 狼
Hong Kong 狼
Dongguan 狼
Yangjiang 狼
Gan Nanchang 狼, 豺狗
Hakka Meixian 豺狼
Huizhou Jixi 狼
Shexian 狼
Jin Taiyuan 狼, 麻胡子, 麻虎, 麻圪節, 麻圪夾
Pingyao 麻胡
Yangyuan 狼
Datong 狼
Xinzhou 狼
Lüliang (Lishi) 狼, 山神爺兒
Changzhi 狼
Linhe 狼
Jining 狼
Hohhot 狼
Erenhot 狼
Pingshan 狼
Zhangjiakou 狼
Handan 狼
Linzhou 狼
Suide 狼, 山神爺
Northern Min Jian'ou 狼
Eastern Min Fuzhou 狼
Southern Min Xiamen 狼
Quanzhou 狼
Jinjiang 普狸
Chaozhou 狼, 豺狗
Jieyang 豺狗
Central Min Yong'an 狼
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 狼
Wu Shanghai 狼
Shanghai (Songjiang) 狼
Shanghai (Zhoupu, Pudong) 狼
Shanghai (Shuangcaodun, Baoshan) 狼
Shanghai (Luodian, Baoshan) 狼
Suzhou 狼
Suzhou (Lili, Wujiang) 狼
Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang) 狼
Wuxi 狼
Changshu 狼
Kunshan 狼
Jiaxing 狼
Changzhou 狼
Liyang 狼
Changzhou (Jintan) 狼
Yixing 狼
Danyang 狼
Danyang (Tongjiaqiao) 狼
Jingjiang 狼
Jiangyin 狼
Huzhou (Shuanglin) 狼
Hangzhou 狼
Shaoxing 狼
Zhuji (Wangjiajing) 狼
Shengzhou (Chongren) 狼
Shengzhou (Taiping) 狼
Ningbo 狼
Yuyao 狼
Taizhou (Huangyan) 狼
Wenzhou 狼, 狼狗
Quzhou 狼
Jinhua 狼
Yongkang 狼
Xiang Changsha 狼
Shuangfeng 狼, 山馬
Xiangnan Tuhua Jiangyong 豺狼
Dong'an 豺狗
Yuebei Tuhua Lechang (Changlai) 豺狗
Lechang (Beixiang) 豺狼
Lechang (Huangpu) 豺狼
Lechang (Guitang, Pingshi) 豺狗
Lechang (Sanxi) 豺狗

Compounds

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Japanese

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Kanji

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狼

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

  1. wolf

Readings

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Compounds

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Compounds

On'yomi:

Kun'yomi:

Irregular:

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
狼
おおかみ
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

/opo kami2/ → /opokami/ → /ofokami/ → /owokami/ → /oːkami/

From Old Japanese. Originally a compound of 大 (opo, “great”) +‎ 神 (kami, “god, spirit”).[1][2]

First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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狼(おおかみ) or 狼(オオカミ) • (ōkami) ←おほかみ (ofokami)? (counter 匹)

  1. a wolf (animal)
  2. Short for 日本狼 (Nihon-ōkami, “Japanese wolf”).
    • 2006 May 20, Michiyo Akaishi, “最(さい)終(しゅう)話(わ) [Final Chapter]”, in AMAKUSA(アマクサ)1637 [Amakusa 1637], volume 12 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 179:
      狼(おおかみ)って絶(ぜつ)滅(めつ)してないの？
      Ōkami tte zetsumetsu shite nai no?
      Aren’t wolves supposed to be extinct?
      狼(おおかみ)いっぱいいますよー　どうしたんです　会(かい)長(ちょう)　今日(きょう)は
      Ōkami ippai imasu yō Dō shitan desu kaichō kyō wa
      Wolves are all alive and well. Why are you acting so strange today, chief?
Usage notes
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See also

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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
狼
おおかめ
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

Alteration from ōkami above. Appears in the Kamakura period.[1][4]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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狼(おおかめ) • (ōkame) ←おほかめ (ofokame)?

  1. (possibly obsolete) a wolf (animal)
    • 1593: Esopono fabulas (Aesop's Fables), "Vôcameto, fitcujino tatoyeno coto"
      Aru cauabatani vôcamemo, fitcujimo mizzuuo nomuni, [...]
      Aru cauabatani vôcamemo, fitcujimo mizzuuo nomuni, [...]
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • 1603, Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho) [Vocabulary of the Language of Japan] (in Portuguese), Nagasaki, page 697:
      Vôcame. ヲゥカメ (狼) 狼.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • 1632, Diego Collado, Dictionarium Sive Thesauri Linguae Iaponicae Compendium, page 75:
      Lupus, i: lobo: yàmàinu. vel, vocame:
      Lupus, i: lobo: yàmàinu. vel, vocame:
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 “狼”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ^ “狼”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 狼 (MC lang). Recorded as Middle Korean 라ᇰ (lang) (Yale: lang) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

狼 (eumhun 이리 랑 (iri rang), word-initial (South Korea) 이리 낭 (iri nang))

  1. hanja form? of 랑/낭 (“wolf”)

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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狼: Hán Việt readings: lang[1][2][3]
狼: Nôm readings: lang[1][2][4][5]

  1. chữ Hán form of lang (“wolf”).

Compounds

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References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ^ Trần (2004).
  4. ^ Bonet (1899).
  5. ^ Génibrel (1898).
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