石榴
Chinese
[edit]| rock; stone; 10 pecks | pomegranate | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (石榴) |
石 | 榴 | |
| alternative forms | 石留 榭榴 (sia̍h-liû; siā-liû) Hokkien 謝榴／谢榴 (sia̍h-liû; siā-liû) Hokkien 射榴 (sia̍h-liû; siā-liû) Hokkien 射留 (sia̍h-liû; siā-liû) Hokkien | ||
Etymology
[edit]Clipping of 安石榴 (ānshíliú); see there for more.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): si2 niu1
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): шылю (šɨli͡u, I-II)
- Cantonese (Jyutping): sek6 lau4-2 / sek6 lau4
- Gan (Wiktionary): siit6 liu
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sa̍k-liù
- Jin (Wiktionary): seh5 liou4
- Northern Min (KCR): sī-liû
- Eastern Min (BUC): siŏh-lìu
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 8zaq-lieu
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): shr6 liou
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕˊ ㄌㄧㄡˊ → ㄕˊ ˙ㄌㄧㄡ (toneless final syllable variant)
- Tongyong Pinyin: shíhlio̊u
- Wade–Giles: shih2-liu5
- Yale: shŕ-lyou
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyr.liou
- Palladius: шилю (šilju)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂʐ̩³⁵ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/ → /ʂʐ̩³⁵ li̯oʊ̯³/
- Homophones:
[Show/Hide] 時流／时流
石榴
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (石榴兒／石榴儿)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕˊ ㄌㄧㄡˊㄦ → ㄕˊ ˙ㄌㄧㄡㄦ (toneless final syllable variant)
- Tongyong Pinyin: shíhlio̊ur
- Wade–Giles: shih2-liu5-ʼrh
- Yale: shŕ-lyour
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyr.lioul
- Palladius: шилюр (šiljur)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂʐ̩³⁵ li̯ɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/ → /ʂʐ̩³⁵ li̯ɤʊ̯ɻʷ³/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: si2 niu1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: sliu
- Sinological IPA (key): /sz̩²¹ niəu⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: шылю (šɨli͡u, I-II)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂʐ̩²⁴ liou⁵¹/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: sek6 lau4-2 / sek6 lau4
- Yale: sehk láu / sehk làuh
- Cantonese Pinyin: sek9 lau4-2 / sek9 lau4
- Guangdong Romanization: ség6 leo4-2 / ség6 leo4
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɛːk̚² lɐu̯²¹⁻³⁵/, /sɛːk̚² lɐu̯²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: siit6 liu
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɨt̚⁵ liu²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sa̍k-liù
- Hakka Romanization System: sag liuˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: sag6 liu2
- Sinological IPA: /sak̚⁵ li̯u¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: seh5 liou4
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /səʔ⁵⁴ liəu²/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sī-liû
- Sinological IPA (key): /si⁵⁵ liu³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: siŏh-lìu
- Sinological IPA (key): /suoʔ⁵⁻³³ l̃ieu⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Taipei, Tainan, Lukang, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Yongchun, Sanxia, Yilan, Penang)
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sēe-liû
- Tâi-lô: sēe-liû
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /sɛ²²⁻²¹ liu¹³/
- (Hokkien: rare in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chio̍h-liû
- Tâi-lô: tsio̍h-liû
- Phofsit Daibuun: cioiqliuu
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡sio(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ liu²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ liu²³/
- (Hokkien: rare in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: se̍k-liû
- Tâi-lô: si̍k-liû
- Phofsit Daibuun: segliuu
- IPA (Taipei): /siɪk̚⁴⁻³² liu²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɪk̚⁴⁻³² liu²³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: siêh8 liu5 / sioh8 liu5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sie̍h liû / sio̍h liû
- Sinological IPA (key): /sieʔ⁴⁻² liu⁵⁵/, /sioʔ⁴⁻² liu⁵⁵/
- siêh8 liu5 - Chaozhou;
- sioh8 liu5 - Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang.
- Middle Chinese: dzyek ljuw
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*djaɡ m·ru/
Noun
[edit]石榴
- pomegranate
- (Shouguang Mandarin) hawthorn
- (Cantonese) guava
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922),
“石榴” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].
Japanese
[edit]
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Etymology 1
[edit]From Middle Chinese 石榴 (MC dzyek ljuw, literally “stone + pomegranate”). Compare modern Wu reading zaq lieu, Hakka sa̍k-liù.
The zakuro reading is irregular. This may represent a shift in pronunciation from an older borrowing: compare the expected goon reading jakuru. Alternatively, this reading may reflect an ancient sound borrowing, indicating the Zagros Mountains of modern-day Iran, where the pomegranate was originally cultivated.[1]
The spelling 柘榴 is attested in 747 CE.[2] The zakuro reading is attested to at least the late 900s in the 古今和歌六帖 (Kokin Waka Rokujō, “Six Volumes of Waka Poetry of Ancient and Modern Times”).[2]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- [from 747] pomegranate
Usage notes
[edit]As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ザクロ.
Derived terms
[edit]- 石榴石 (zakuroishi): garnet (gemstone)
- 石榴口 (zakuroguchi): a low door used in bathhouses during the Edo period
- 石榴ざか (zakurozaka): a rooster's crest or comb that resembles a pomegranate
- 石榴草 (zakurosō): Mollugo pentaphylla
- 石榴鼻 (zakurobana): a red swollen nose, often seen on alcoholics
Etymology 2
[edit]From Middle Chinese 石榴 (MC dzyek ljuw, literally “stone + pomegranate”). Uses the regular goon reading of jaku for the first character, and the irregular ro reading for the second character instead of the expected goon reading of ru.
The jakuro reading is attested from the mid-1400s.[2] While rare and missing from some dictionaries,[3][5] this reading is attested more recently in a text from the 1960s.[2]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- [from mid-1400s] (rare) pomegranate
Usage notes
[edit]The zakuro reading above is the most common reading for this term.
Etymology 3
[edit]| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 石 | 榴 |
| せき Grade: 1 |
りゅう Hyōgai |
| kan'on | |
/sekiriu/ → /sekirjuː/
From Middle Chinese 石榴 (MC dzyek ljuw, literally “stone + pomegranate”). Uses the regular kanon reading of both characters.
The sekiriu reading is attested from the mid-1400s.[2]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]石榴 • (sekiryū) ←せきりう (sekiriu)?
- [from mid-1400s] (uncommon) pomegranate
Usage notes
[edit]The zakuro reading above is the most common reading for this term.
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ 清水桂一 (Keiichi Shimizu), editor (1980), たべもの語源辞典 (Tabemono Gogen Jiten, “Etymological Dictionary of Foods”)[1] (in Japanese), 東京堂出版 (Tōkyō-dō Shuppan, “Tokyo Hall Publishing”), →ISBN, archived from the original on 6 June 2021
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
[edit]| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 石 | 榴 |
Noun
[edit]- hanja form? of 석류 (“pomegranate”)
Okinawan
[edit]| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 石 | 榴 |
| Grade: 1 | Hyōgai |
Etymology
[edit]Attested in the 沖縄語典 (Okinawa Goten, “Okinawan Dictionary”) as ざぐら.[1] Appears to be cognate with Japanese 石榴 (zakuro); see that entry for further details.
Noun
[edit]石榴 (zakura)
References
[edit]- ^ Nakamoto, Masayo (中本政世) (1896) 沖縄語典 [Documentation of the Language of Okinawa], Hikone (彦根市): Eishōdō (永昌堂), , page 43
Vietnamese
[edit]| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 石 | 榴 |
Noun
[edit]石榴
- Chinese clippings
- Mandarin terms with homophones
- Mandarin words containing toneless variants
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Sichuanese lemmas
- Dungan lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Gan lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Jin lemmas
- Northern Min lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Xiang lemmas
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Sichuanese nouns
- Dungan nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Gan nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Jin nouns
- Northern Min nouns
- Eastern Min nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Wu nouns
- Xiang nouns
- Middle Chinese nouns
- Old Chinese nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 石
- Chinese terms spelled with 榴
- Cantonese Chinese
- zh:Fruits
- zh:Myrtales order plants
- Japanese terms spelled with 石
- Japanese terms spelled with 榴
- Japanese terms read with irregular kanji readings
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with hyōgai kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with 石 read as じゃく
- Japanese terms with rare senses
- Japanese terms spelled with 石 read as せき
- Japanese terms spelled with 榴 read as りゅう
- Japanese terms read with kan'on
- Japanese terms with uncommon senses
- ja:Fruits
- ja:Myrtales order plants
- Korean lemmas
- Korean nouns
- Korean nouns in Han script
- Korean hanja forms
- Okinawan terms spelled with 石
- Okinawan terms spelled with 榴
- Okinawan lemmas
- Okinawan nouns
- Okinawan terms spelled with first grade kanji
- Okinawan terms spelled with hyōgai kanji
- Okinawan terms with 2 kanji
- ryu:Fruits
- ryu:Myrtales order plants
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese nouns
- Vietnamese nouns in Han script
- Vietnamese Chữ Hán