Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sewh₁-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*sewh₁-^[1]^[2]

to press, push (forth)

Alternative reconstructions

*sew-^[3]
*sewh₃-^[4]
*sweh₁-^[5]

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sewh₁- (5 c, 0 e)

*séwh₁-ti ~ *sh₁w-ént (root athematic present)^[3]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *sáwHti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *sáwHti
    - Sanskrit: सुतम् (sutám, 2du.act.imp.), सोतन (sotana, “to press”, 2pl.act.imp.)

*sḗwh₁-s-t ~ *séwh₁-s-n̥t (s-aorist)^[2]
- Proto-Celtic:
  - Old Irish: soa
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HásāwHst
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *HásāwHst
    - Sanskrit: असाविषुर् (asāviṣur, 3pl.)

*sh₁u-néw-ti (nu-present)^[3]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *sHunáwti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *sHunáwti
    - Sanskrit: सुनोति (sunóti, “to press”)
  - Proto-Iranian: *hHunáwti
    - Younger Avestan: 𐬵𐬎𐬥𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬙𐬌 (hunaoⁱti, “to press”)

*sh₁u-yé-ti (ye-deponent)^[6]
- Proto-Anatolian:
  - Hittite: 𒋗𒌑𒄑𒍣 (šu-ú-ez-zi /⁠šuwezi⁠/, “to push (away), shove, cast off”)

*suh₁-é-ti (tudati-type thematic present)^[2]^[6]^[7]
- Proto-Celtic: *suweti (“to turn, wind”)^[8]
  - ⇒ Proto-Celtic: *ambisuweti (“to turn around”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *suHáti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *suHáti
    - Sanskrit: सुवति (suváti, “to impel, set in motion”)
  - →? Proto-Finnic: *soodak (“to wish, grant”) (see there for further descendants)

*su-né-h₁-ti ~ *su-n-h₁-énti (nasal-infix present)^[2]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *sunáHtu
  - Proto-Iranian: *hunáHti
    - Old Avestan: 𐬵𐬎𐬥𐬁𐬌𐬙𐬌 (hunāⁱti, “to incite, drive”)
- Proto-Tocharian: *säin- (“to be depressed, despair”)^[4] (likely influenced by form from *séwh₁-ye-ti^[4])
  - Tocharian A: sin-
  - Tocharian B: sin-

*sewh₁-yéh₂
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *sáuˀjāˀ (see there for further descendants)

→? Proto-Uralic: *suxe- (“to row”) (see there for further descendants)

*sówh₁-mo-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *sáwHmas
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *sáwHmas
    - Sanskrit: सोम (sóma)
  - Proto-Iranian: *háwHmah (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “3. seu-: su-; seu̯ə-: sū- seu̯ə-, sū-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 914
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*seu̯h₁-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 538
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “?*seu̯-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 537
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “si-n-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 757
^ Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2011–2023) “*su̯eh₁(i̯)- → *su̯eh₁-¹”, in Addenda und Corrigenda zu LIV²‎^[1]
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, ^zi/mode/1up?view=theater page šuu̯e/a-^zi of 797-798
^ Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 171: “*suh₁-e/o-”
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*suw-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 360

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “3. seu-: su-; seu̯ə-: sū- seu̯ə-, sū-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 914

[LIV_538-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*seu̯h₁-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 538

[LIV_537-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “?*seu̯-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 537

[Adams-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “si-n-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 757

[Kummel-5] Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2011–2023) “*su̯eh₁(i̯)- → *su̯eh₁-¹”, in Addenda und Corrigenda zu LIV²‎^[1]

[Kloekhorst-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, ^zi/mode/1up?view=theater page šuu̯e/a-^zi of 797-798

[7] Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 171: “*suh₁-e/o-”

[8] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*suw-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 360

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