Gisela 12

Gisela 12
Nuevo portainjerto de Cerezos: precoz y productivo
En USA han evaluado un nuevo portainjerto de la serie Gissen, denominado Gisela 12, este ha presentado ventajas interesantes en precocidad, vigor y especialmente un mejor calibre de la fruta. El vigor de G.12 depende de la variedad que se combina, se ha visto en Oregn que combinado con Bing su vigor es intermedio entre G.5 y G.6. Pero al usarse G.12 con Regina, presenta vigor un 10% superior a G.6 y es preferido por los productores ya que es mas fcil manejar el vigor y calibre de la fruta. Ambos, G.6 y G.12 son muy productivos y precoces en entrar en produccin. G.12 se adapta muy bien a diferentes tipos de suelos y aparentemente se adapta bien a suelos hmedos al igual que G.6. Los rboles en G.12 presentan ramas abiertas y con buenos ngulos.
Terence Robinson de la Universidad de Cornell en NY, ha evaluado por 8 aos el portainjerto Gisela 12 con las variedades Lapins y Regina, comparando su efecto sobre: Sobrevivencia de los rboles Tamao de rbol Calibre de la fruta Productividad Eficiencia productiva Rentabilidad Todos estos factores se comparan con los portainjertos Gisela 5, 6 y Mazzard despus de 8 aos de informacin acumulada.
Tree Survival
100 8 Yr. Tree Survival (%) 80 60 40 20 0
Gi.5 Gi.6 Gi.12 Mazzard
Lapins
Regina
No hay gran diferencia entre la sobrevivencia de los 3 Giselas y todos son mejores que Mazzard.
Source: Terence Robinson, Cornell University, NY.
Tree Size
250
Trunk Cross-sectional area (cm2)
200
150
100
50
Lapins
Regina
Effect of Tree density on Tree Size

300
Gi.5
Gi.6 Gi.12 Mazzard
250
Trunk Cross-sectional Area (cm
200
150
100
50 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Tree Density/ha
Production
60
8 Yr. Cumulative Yield (t/ha)
50 40 30 20 10 0
Lapins
Regina
8 Year-old Trial
Fruit Size
12
Gi.5 Gi.6 Gi.12
Average Fruit Size (g)
11
Mazzard
10
Lapins
Regina
El calibre de la fruta es un factor que diferencia a Gisela 12, consistentemente durante 8 aos este portainjerto da mas calibre que Gisela 5, 6 y Mazzard
Effect of Tree density on Fruit Size

12
11 Average Fruit Size (g)
10
9
7 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Tree Density/ha
Gisela 12 es el portainjerto que presenta mayor calibre de fruta, incluso cuando se aumenta la densidad de plantacin.
Yield Efficiency
8 Yr. Cumulative Yield Efficiency (kg/cm2 TCA) 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 Lapins Regina Gi.5 Gi.6 Gi.12 Mazzard
Increasing Tree Density Improves Cumulative Yield Dramatically

70 60 50 40 30
y = 0.040x - 17
y = 0.091x - 28 y = 0.083x - 22
8 Yr. Cumulative Yield (tons/ha)
y = 0.063x - 11
20 10 0 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Tree Density/ha
8 Year-old Trial, 40-90 kg/additional tree

Crop Value
70,000
Gi.5 Gi.6 G.12 Mazzard
8 Yr. Cum. Crop Value ($/ha)
60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0
Lapins
Regina
Increasing Tree Density Improves Gross Returns

80,000
Gi.5
y = 73.9x - 170
70,000
Gi.6 Gi.12 Mazzard

y = 70.0x - 7661
8 Yr. Cum. Crop Value ($/ha)
60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000
y = 51.6x - 20938 y = 72.6x - 4159
20,000 10,000 0 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Tree Density/ha
8 Year-old Trial $52-74/additional tree

Orchard System Yield Performance
14
Vertical Axis
12 10
Central Leader Spanish Bush Quad Axis
Yield (t/ha)
8 6 4 2 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Year
Conclusions on Dwarfing Rootstocks

Gisela 5
Trees on Gi.5 are about 60-65% the size of trees on seedling rootstocks. Trees on Gisela 5 are 2.5 times as productive as trees on seedling stocks. Trees on Gisela 5 should be planted at densities from 400-800 trees/acre. Irrigation is essential. Aggressive crop load management is required.
Gisela 6
Trees on Gi.6 are about 70-80% the size of trees on seedling rootstocks Trees on Gisela 6 are 2-2.5 times as productive as trees on seedling stocks Trees on Gisela 6 should be planted at densities from 300-500 trees/acre.
Gisela 12
Trees on Gi.12 are about 80-90% the size of trees on seedling rootstocks Trees on Gisela 12 are 2.5 times as productive as trees on seedling stocks Trees on Gisela 12 should be planted at densities from 300-500 trees/acre. Productive with good fruit size
En Oregon State University, Lynn Long ha evaluado Gisela 12 con resultados muy interesantes, los cuales se presentan a continuacin:
Rootstock characteristics
Tree Size Percent Precocious Advance bloom/harvest Compatability Root Suckers Anchorage
Colt Gisela 5 Gisela 6 Gisela 12 Krymsk 5 Krymsk 6 Mahaleb Maxma 14 Mazzard
100 50-60 85-90 75-95 80-90 65-70 90 90-100 100
No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Slightly Yes No
No 2-4 days 0-1 day No No No No No No
Good Good Good Good
No No No No
Good FairGood Fair Good Good Good Good Good Good
Limited data Moderate Limited data Moderate Good-Fair Good Good No No Low
Source: Lynn Long, Oregon State University
Gisela 12 (P. cerasus x P. canescens) Tree vigor and size on Gisela 12 is variable depending upon cultivar combination. Several years of testing in The Dalles, Oregon, and Prosser, Washington, indicated that when combined with Bing, Gisela 12 produced a tree intermediate in size to Gisela 5 and 6. However, grower experience with Regina indicates that Gisela 12 produces a tree approximately 10 percent larger than Gisela 6. Some growers prefer the Regina/Gisela 12 combination, as they find it easier to maintain shoot growth and, ultimately, fruit size. It is both precocious and productive, producing early heavy crops, with full production possible by the fifth leaf. Good fruit size and quality is possible with proper pruning. Gisela 12 is adapted to a wide range of soils, and tree structure is open and spreading and new branches form readily. Source: Lynn Long, Oregon State University
Lapins en Gisela 12: Presenta vigor similar a Gisela 6 o un 10% superior. Buen ngulo y buen calibre Puede ser auto soportante, no presenta diferencia de dimetro entre el tronco y la variedad.
Source: Lynn Long, Oregon State University
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Gisela 12

Nuevo portainjerto de Cerezos: precoz y productivo

Source: Terence Robinson, Cornell University, NY.

Trunk Cross-sectional area (cm2)

Gi.5 Gi.6 Gi.12 Mazzard

Source: Terence Robinson, Cornell University, NY.

Effect of Tree density on Tree Size

Gi.6 Gi.12 Mazzard

Trunk Cross-sectional Area (cm

50 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Source: Terence Robinson, Cornell University, NY.

8 Yr. Cumulative Yield (t/ha)

Average Fruit Size (g)

Effect of Tree density on Fruit Size

11 Average Fruit Size (g)

7 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Source: Terence Robinson, Cornell University, NY.

Increasing Tree Density Improves Cumulative Yield Dramatically

Gi.5 Gi.6 Gi.12 Mazzard

8 Yr. Cumulative Yield (tons/ha)

20 10 0 500 600 700 800 900 1000

8 Year-old Trial, 40-90 kg/additional tree

8 Yr. Cum. Crop Value ($/ha)

60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0

Source: Terence Robinson, Cornell University, NY.

Increasing Tree Density Improves Gross Returns

Gi.6 Gi.12 Mazzard

8 Yr. Cum. Crop Value ($/ha)

60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000

y = 51.6x - 20938 y = 72.6x - 4159

20,000 10,000 0 500 600 700 800 900 1000

8 Year-old Trial $52-74/additional tree

Orchard System Yield Performance

Central Leader Spanish Bush Quad Axis

8 6 4 2 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Source: Terence Robinson, Cornell University, NY.

Conclusions on Dwarfing Rootstocks

Colt Gisela 5 Gisela 6 Gisela 12 Krymsk 5 Krymsk 6 Mahaleb Maxma 14 Mazzard

100 50-60 85-90 75-95 80-90 65-70 90 90-100 100

No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Slightly Yes No

No 2-4 days 0-1 day No No No No No No

Good Good Good Good

Good FairGood Fair Good Good Good Good Good Good

Source: Lynn Long, Oregon State University

Source: Lynn Long, Oregon State University

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