Biografia Sandino
Biografia Sandino
Biografia Sandino
Octubre de 1912. Sandino qued muy impresionado con la imagen del patriota.
De origen muy humilde, trabaj como minero en Nicaragua, Honduras y Mxico. En 1926
regres a su pas, ocupado desde 1916 por las tropas estadounidenses que defendan los
intereses de las compaas fruteras de Estados Unidos. Opt por defender la autonoma
nacional, afectada por el convenio Bryan-Chamorro y por la firma del tratado StimpsonMoncada, por lo que reuni un grupo de guerrilleros y se alz en armas.
Durante seis aos combati contra las tropas de diferentes gobiernos apoyados por Estados
Unidos, al trmino de los cuales haba logrado aglutinar a su alrededor a unos tres mil
hombres y se haba ganado la admiracin popular. Organizada bajo su mando, la guerrilla
rebelde se refugi en las selvas de Nueva Segovia, donde se convirti en prcticamente
invencible.
Al no lograr derrotarlo, el presidente estadounidense Herbert C. Hoover orden la retirada
de las tropas desplegadas en Nicaragua, lo que, junto con la eleccin de Franklin D.
Roosevelt como presidente de Estados Unidos, movi a Sandino a negociar con el gobierno
de nicaragense la deposicin de las armas y el retorno a la vida civil (1933).
Sin embargo, su prestigio poltico continuaba siendo una amenaza para los dirigentes del
pas, por lo cual, tras aceptar una invitacin para acudir al palacio presidencial, fue
emboscado y asesinado por Anastasio Somoza, jefe de la Guardia Nacional y sobrino del ex
presidente Jos Mara Moncada.
Con todo, la muerte del lder no signific la desaparicin de su movimiento, y su nombre
pas a encarnar la lucha de liberacin de Nicaragua. El Frente Sandinista de Liberacin
Nacional (FSLN), alineacin poltica creada en 1962, se constituy como continuadora del
ideario de Sandino y centr sus miras en el derrocamiento de los Somoza mediante la lucha
armada, objetivo que logr en 1979.
El 21 de febrero de 1934, al bajar la loma de Tiscapa, luego de una cena con Sacasa, es
capturado y posteriormente asesinado junto a loslos generales Francisco Estrada y Juan
Pablo Umanzor por orden de Somoza Garca. Poco antes, su hermano Scrates haba
corrido la misma suerte. El coronel Santos Lpez, quin participar posteriormente en la
fundacin del Frente Sandinista de Liberacin Nacional, logra escapar.
El 23 de agosto de 1934, el Congreso decreta una amnista para todos los crmenes
cometidos por la Guardia Nacional.
Creyeron que asesinando a Sandino mora su ideologa. Pero se equivocaban, el sandinismo
haba calado hondo en la conciencia del pueblo, buscando completar la obra iniciada por el
Padre de la Revolucin Popular y Antiimperialista. Es as como surge el Frente Sandinista
de Liberacin Nacional, FSLN, heredero y continuador del programa popular y
antiimperialista del general Sandino.
(Niquinohomo, Nicaragua, 1893 - Managua, 1934) Nicaraguan guerrilla leader who fought
tenaciously against the occupation and US intervention to force the United States to
withdraw its troops from Nicaragua. After his murder by the then head of the National
Guard, Anastasio Somoza, Sandino became the ideological referent of Sandinista National
Liberation Front (FSLN) and the revolution promoted by this movement that, years later,
would end the dictatorship Somoza.
Augusto Nicols Caldern Sandino was born on May 18, 1895 in Niquinohomo, Masaya.
His mother, Margarita Calderon, was a humble peasant who made his living as a domestic
and agricultural workers. Gregorio Sandino, his father, was a medium-owner and farmer,
with whom she went to live to 11 years old.
Sandino's childhood was spent with his mother with whom he worked picking coffee
plantation of the Nicaraguan Pacific, where he met and suffered all kinds of misery and
deprivation.
In his teens, he witnessed the first major military intervention of US imperialism in their
land, which culminated in the assassination of General Benjamin Zeledon, 4 Prompter later,
Sandino leaves the house of his father to fend for himself. So, he is working as an assistant
mechanic at a place near the border with Costa Rica. Later, in 1920, he traveled to
Honduras and Guatemala in 1923, where he worked in the plantations of the United Fruit.
Then march to Mexico where he worked for oil companies in Tampico and Cerro Azul.
During his stay in Mexico, Sandino is linked to union leaders, workers, socialist activists,
anarchists and Masons. Known trade union struggles of the US aggression against Mexico
for control of the oil fields of the Mexican Revolution and the struggles of the working
class.
In August 1925, after 13 years of occupation, the United States withdraw its troops from
Nicaragua. But remaining instructors Constabulary, the predecessor of the National Guard.
In October, the military coup of General Emiliano Chamorro occurs.
In May 1926, a liberal uprising against Chamorro occurs. US troops land in Bluefields.
Upon learning of the beginning of the Constitutionalist War, Sandino leaves for Nicaragua
where he arrived on June 1.
October 1912. Sandino was very impressed with the image of a patriot.
From very humble beginnings, he worked as a miner in Nicaragua, Honduras and Mexico.
In 1926 he returned home, occupied since 1916 by US troops defending the interests of US
fruit companies. You have opted to defend national independence, affected by the Bryan-