Transporte de Pulpa en Tuberias y Canales
Transporte de Pulpa en Tuberias y Canales
Transporte de Pulpa en Tuberias y Canales
TUBERAS Y CANALES
1. SUSPENSIONES HETEROGNEAS
Se requiere:
1. El gradiente de presin necesario para producir el
escurrimiento en tubos.
2. Propiedades de las pulpas.
3. La velocidad mnima del flujo necesaria para evitar la
sedimentacin de las partculas.
R 2 p
vz =
8 L
Patrn de flujo
Fraccin de fraccin
volumtrica de slidos
vM 1
Suspensin homognea
1.0
vM 2
Suspensin asimtrica
0.7 1.0
vM 3
0.2 0.7
vM 4
0 0.2
Flujo de suspensiones
Heterogneas
Homogneas
Dvz
> 2100 y
Re =
du ( )
Re p => 1000
D dimetro
=
del tubo; d dametro de la partcula
2. Velocidad lmite de transporte vL
Establecer una velocidad tal que las
partculas no sedimenten.
Wilson:
Yufin y Lopsin :
( ) guD )
(
=
7.3
cm s
13
vc
1 + f
253 D1 3 0.0417 cm s
vc =
:
Chien
vc= 56.4
0.154
(1 )
0.356
D
d
0.378
D f
0.09
( gd f
0.545
cm s
0.5
0.5
d
80
d0
0.1
0.25
0.58
*
0.25 0.06 Re ( =
u * ( ) ; Fr
) p ; Re ( ) d=
0.33
vL =
2.4
2.7
Relave 5% + #65
Relave 15% + #65
Relave 20% + #65
Relave 25% + #65
vc
gD
9.0
Charles
Shook
Babcock
8.0
7.0
Zandi& Gov
Condolios & Ch
Sinclair
6.0
Schulz
Govier
Cairns
5.0
4.0
Newitt
Spells
Wilson
3.0
2.0
Durand
Oroskar
Durand-Rayo
1.0
Oroskar
0.0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
FD = ( pV p ( g ) + f V p g ) V p g
4
=
FD
R 3 g
3
FD
4 dg
CD
2
2
1 2 f u R
3 f u2
du f
9.06
CD =
0.28 1 + 1 2 , Re =,
f
Re
4 f g 3 Re
=
d ,
2
CD
3 f
CD Re2
13
13
P =
, Q
4 f g
2
f
3 2f 3
u
4 f g
4 f g
2
3 f
3
Re u
d
*3
*3
=
CD=
Re =
d
,
u
P
C
Q
D
Re = d * u*
3
*3
=
C0 1 +
* *
u
d
12
u* d *
12
1
4
u* = 1 + 1 2 2 d * 3 2 1
4 d C0 0
2
12
20.52
*
*3 2
1
u =
1 + 0.0921d
*
d
2
0
*
((
, u d + 0 u d
*
12
d*3 2
12 =0
C0
=
(T ) y (T )
water =
4.0 10 T 6.0 10 T + 1.0004
6
g/cm
0.018
1.20E-03
0.016
1.000
R2 = 0.9931
0.985
8.00E-04
0.980
6.00E-04
0.975
0.970
4.00E-04
R2 = 0.9993
0.965
2.00E-04
0.960
0.955
0.00E+00
10
20
30
40
50
60
Temperature T , (C)
70
80
90
100
0.990
1.00E-03
0.995
2.50E-04
0.014
2.00E-04
R = 0.9996
0.012
1.50E-04
0.01
0.008
1.00E-04
R = 0.9983
0.006
0.004
5.00E-05
0.002
0
0.00E+00
10
20
30
40
50
60
Temperature T, (C)
70
80
90
100
1.005
Coeficiente de arrastre y
Velocidad de Sedimentacin
Una partcula:
d*
d=
P
and u * u Q
13
P =
and Q
4 g
f
= s f
2
f
13
4 f g
2
3 f
20.52
*
*3 2 1 2
u =* (1 + 0.092d ) 1
d
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
P (cm)
Q (cm/s)
9.1470E-03
7.9906E-03
7.2600E-03
6.7396E-03
6.3422E-03
6.0245E-03
5.7622E-03
5.5404E-03
5.3492E-03
5.1819E-03
5.0338E-03
4.9013E-03
4.7817E-03
4.6730E-03
4.5735E-03
4.4820E-03
4.3974E-03
4.3189E-03
4.2457E-03
4.1772E-03
4.1129E-03
4.0524E-03
3.9953E-03
3.9413E-03
3.8901E-03
3.8415E-03
3.7952E-03
3.7511E-03
3.7089E-03
3.6686E-03
3.6300E-03
3.5929E-03
3.5574E-03
3.5232E-03
3.4902E-03
3.4585E-03
3.4279E-03
3.3983E-03
3.3698E-03
3.3422E-03
3.3154E-03
3.2895E-03
3.2644E-03
3.2400E-03
3.2164E-03
1.0933E+00
1.2515E+00
1.3774E+00
1.4838E+00
1.5767E+00
1.6599E+00
1.7354E+00
1.8049E+00
1.8694E+00
1.9298E+00
1.9866E+00
2.0403E+00
2.0913E+00
2.1400E+00
2.1865E+00
2.2311E+00
2.2741E+00
2.3154E+00
2.3553E+00
2.3940E+00
2.4314E+00
2.4677E+00
2.5029E+00
2.5372E+00
2.5706E+00
2.6032E+00
2.6349E+00
2.6659E+00
2.6962E+00
2.7258E+00
2.7548E+00
2.7832E+00
2.8111E+00
2.8384E+00
2.8651E+00
2.8914E+00
2.9172E+00
2.9426E+00
2.9676E+00
2.9921E+00
3.0162E+00
3.0400E+00
3.0633E+00
3.0864E+00
3.1091E+00
s (g/cm3) f (g/cm3)
3.35
3.40
3.45
3.50
3.55
3.60
3.65
3.70
3.75
3.80
3.85
3.90
3.95
4.00
4.05
4.10
4.15
4.20
4.25
4.30
4.35
4.40
4.45
4.50
4.55
4.60
4.65
4.70
4.75
4.80
4.85
4.90
4.95
5.00
5.05
5.10
5.15
5.20
5.25
5.30
5.35
5.40
5.45
5.50
5.55
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
f (g/cms)
P (cm)
Q (cm/s)
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
3.1934E-03
3.1711E-03
3.1494E-03
3.1282E-03
3.1076E-03
3.0876E-03
3.0681E-03
3.0490E-03
3.0304E-03
3.0123E-03
2.9945E-03
2.9772E-03
2.9603E-03
2.9438E-03
2.9276E-03
2.9118E-03
2.8963E-03
2.8811E-03
2.8663E-03
2.8517E-03
2.8375E-03
2.8235E-03
2.8098E-03
2.7963E-03
2.7831E-03
2.7702E-03
2.7575E-03
2.7450E-03
2.7328E-03
2.7207E-03
2.7089E-03
2.6973E-03
2.6858E-03
2.6746E-03
2.6635E-03
2.6527E-03
2.6420E-03
2.6315E-03
2.6211E-03
2.6109E-03
2.6009E-03
2.5910E-03
2.5812E-03
2.5716E-03
2.5622E-03
3.1314E+00
3.1535E+00
3.1752E+00
3.1967E+00
3.2179E+00
3.2388E+00
3.2594E+00
3.2798E+00
3.2999E+00
3.3198E+00
3.3394E+00
3.3588E+00
3.3780E+00
3.3970E+00
3.4158E+00
3.4343E+00
3.4527E+00
3.4709E+00
3.4889E+00
3.5067E+00
3.5243E+00
3.5417E+00
3.5590E+00
3.5761E+00
3.5931E+00
3.6098E+00
3.6265E+00
3.6430E+00
3.6593E+00
3.6755E+00
3.6915E+00
3.7075E+00
3.7232E+00
3.7389E+00
3.7544E+00
3.7698E+00
3.7850E+00
3.8002E+00
3.8152E+00
3.8301E+00
3.8449E+00
3.8596E+00
3.8741E+00
3.8886E+00
3.9029E+00
1.E+03
Dimensionles Velocity u*
1.E+02
1.E+01
1.E+00
1.E-01
Spheres
Correlation
1.E-02
1.E-01
1.E+00
1.E+01
1.E+02
1.E+03
Dimensionless Diameter d*
1.E+04
1.E+05
u ( ) = Q ( ) u* ( )
((
20.52
3 2 * 3 2
)
1
0
0921
u ( =
f
+
.
f
d
(
)
(
)
p
q
p
*
d
*
0.28 (1 )
CD ( ) =
2.01
9.08 (1 )
1 +
Re1p 2
1.83
12
Re p = d * u*
P ( ) Pf
y Q ( ) Qf q ( )
=
=
p ( )
f p ( ) =
(1 ) , f q ( ) =
(1 )
2.033
0.167
1.0
0.010
0.050
0.100
0.9
0.150
0.200
0.8
0.7
0.300
0.6
0.400
0.5
0.500
0.4
0.585
0.3
0.2
0.1
n=3.90 y m=0.85
0.0
1.0E-03 1.0E-02 1.0E-01 1.0E+00 1.0E+01 1.0E+02 1.0E+03 1.0E+04 1.0E+05
Reynolds Number Reoo
Problema
Calcular la velocidad de sedimentacin de una
suspensin de partculas de 5 mm de dimetro de un
mineral de hierro de densidad 5000 kg/m3 con una
densidad de pulpa de 1667 kg/m3.
f w
1000 50
=
= 0.167
s (100 w) + f w 5000 (100 50) + 1000 50
CONVERSIN DE w a
s =
f =
w=
=
CONVERSIN DE a
s =
f =
=
=
CONVERSIN DE D a
s =
f =
D=
=
CONVERSIN DE w a
s =
f =
w=
=
CONVERSIN DE w a D
s =
f =
w=
D=
CONVERSIN DE D a
s =
f =
D=
=
1300
CONVERSIN DE a w
s =
2650
1028
40.00
0.345
f =
=
w=
1000
0.190
38.3
2570
CONVERSIN DE a
s =
4610
1123
1500
0.261
f =
=
=
1000
0.370
2336
2570
CONVERSIN DE a D
s =
2570
1123
1.237
0.261
f =
=
D=
1123
0.261
1.237
4610
CONVERSIN DE a w
s =
5000
1000
79.5
2647
f =
=
w=
1000
1667
50.0
2650
CONVERSIN DE D a w
s =
5000
1000
35.0
1.857
f =
D=
w=
1000
1.237
44.7
2570
1123
1.237
1501
CONVERSIN DE a D
s =
f =
=
D=
5000
1000
1667
0.999
13
3
3
0.0012
5
13
=
2.674
10
m
g
4
4
(5000
1000)
1000
9.81
2
f
1/ 3
13
(1/ 3)
4 f g
4
(5000
1000)
0.001
9.81
13
=
Q =
0.0374
(
m
s
)
2
2
3
1000
d
0.005
*
= 187.01
d= =
5
P 2.674 10
2
2
20.52
20.52
*3 2 1 2
*3 2 1 2
*
1
1 + 0.0921 187 ) 1
u
1 + 0.0921 d ) =
(
(
*
187
d
= 22.698
J m = J L + J S = J L (1 + 81 A
3 2
2
z
CD ( )
2
z
v
=
J L h=
f L
2 gD
JS
J L A ; donde A
=
81
3 2
gD f
Donde:
J m = Prdida de carga para suspensiones por unidad de longitud
J L = Para mantener flujo turbulento (misma que para agua)
J S = Para mantener partculas en suspensin.
hL = Prdida de carga debido a friccin para agua
= Factor de friccin
CD = Coeficiente de arrastre para partculas
SUSPENSIONES HOMOGNEAS
RESULTADOS EXPERIMENTALES
10
= ( )
5
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Viscosidad
150
= ( )
=()
100
50
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
Shear stress , Pa
15
10
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
500
450
55% slido
(55) = 818.26-0.6963
400
60% slido
(60)= 1141.8-0.6996
350
65% slido
(65)= 1611.7-0.7072
70% slido
(70) = 2266.1-0.7134
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
10000
1000
=(1+ /0.5)-1.25
100
10
0.1
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
1.0
0.9
y K
0.8 =
( m )
(1 m )
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
Modelos Reolgicos
1. Comportamiento seudo-plstico
2. Comportamiento dilatante
3. Comportamiento plstico
4. Comportamiento tixotrpico
5. Comportamiento reo-pptico
1. Comportamiento seudo-plstico
Materiales que disminuyen su viscosidad a medida que
aumenta la aplicacin del esfuerzo son pseudo-plsticos.
Modelo de Bingham
10
9
Datos experimentales
= 6.0179+0.0069
R2 = 0.9905
= y + K
y = 6.0179
5
4
K= 0.0069
3
2
1
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Fluidos de Bingham
35
30
25
20
15
vz
= y + K
r
10
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
-1
10
= 6.4+0.006
y =6.4, K=0.006
y =1.5, n=0.273
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Ejemplo
Datos experimentales
Esfuerzo de Cizalle , Pa
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
2500
Viscosidad , mPa-s
Datos experimentales
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Modelo de Bingham
Relave 63%; pH=10.1
180
Datos experimentales
Esfuerzo de Cizalle , Pa
160
y=118
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Modelo Potencial
180
Esfuerzo de Cizalle , Pa
160
140
120
Datos experimentales
Correlacin modelo potencial
100
=51.872 0.1933
80
60
40
20
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
m = 51872 -0.8067
Viscosidad K , mPa-s
R2 = 0.9996
10000
1000
100
0
10
100
1000
250
55 % slido
Viscosidad (mPa-s)
58 % slido
200
60 % slido
65 % slido
150
100
50
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0
0.274
0.316
0.343
0.361
0.412
1-/m
1.000
0.609
0.549
0.511
0.484
0.411
/m
0
0.39138943
0.45091207
0.48941018
0.51635112
0.58863482
350
400
450
30
50 % slido
55 % slido
25
58 % slido
Esfuerzo (Pa)
60% slido
20
65 % slido
15
11.2 Pa
10
5
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
0
0.274
0.316
0.343
0.361
0.412
1-/m
1.000
0.609
0.549
0.511
0.484
0.411
/m
y sim
0
0.39138943
0.45091207
0.48941018
0.51635112
0.58863482
0
1.42977452
2.58565777
3.89035622
5.25410655
12.6855011
y
0
2
2
3
4.5
12
a=
b=
c=
d=
m=
7.14
0.20
0.55
5.00
0.70
%
0
50
50
50
50
55
55
55
55
58
58
58
58
60
60
60
60
65
65
65
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
0
0.274
0.274
0.274
0.274
0.316
0.316
0.316
0.316
0.343
0.343
0.343
0.343
0.361
0.361
0.361
0.361
0.412
0.412
0.412
0.412
0.423
0.434
0.445
0.457
0.468
0.480
0.492
0.505
0.518
0.531
0.544
0.558
0.572
0.587
0.602
0.617
0.632
0.648
0.665
0.681
0.699
0.716
0.735
0.753
0.773
0.792
0.800
1.00
22.00
21.30
22.00
24.00
27.00
27.00
24.00
24.00
25.40
28.60
28.00
30.00
35.60
31.90
32.00
41.00
66.30
96.00
76.00
93.00
93.00
93.00
93.00
93.00
93.00
93.00
93.00
93.00
93.00
93.00
93.00
93.00
93.00
1-/m
1.000
0.609
0.609
0.609
0.609
0.549
0.549
0.549
0.549
0.511
0.511
0.511
0.511
0.484
0.484
0.484
0.484
0.411
0.411
0.411
0.411
0.396
0.380
0.364
0.348
0.331
0.314
0.296
0.279
0.260
0.241
0.222
0.203
0.182
0.162
0.141
0.119
0.097
0.074
0.051
0.027
0.002
-0.023
-0.049
-0.076
-0.104
-0.132
-0.143
-a*m
(1-/m)
1
1.275479992
1.275479992
1.275479992
1.275479992
1.341453031
1.341453031
1.341453031
1.341453031
1.390095521
1.390095521
1.390095521
1.390095521
1.427513448
1.427513448
1.427513448
1.427513448
1.545355888
1.545355888
1.545355888
1.545355888
1.574468164
1.6059942
1.640269459
1.67769763
1.718769494
1.764088568
1.814406611
1.870673816
1.93411142
2.006319651
2.089443261
2.186434882
2.30149275
2.440827968
2.614101274
2.83735092
3.139670548
3.58106316
4.313480897
5.910315466
21.1545852
#NUM!
#NUM!
#NUM!
#NUM!
#NUM!
#NUM!
1-/m
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.1
0.11
0.12
0.13
0.14
0.15
0.16
0.17
0.18
0.19
0.2
0.21
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.25
0.26
0.27
0.28
0.29
0.3
0.31
0.32
0.33
0.34
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.38
0.39
0.4
0.41
0.42
0.43
0.44
0.45
0.46
0.47
1
0.98571429
0.97142857
0.95714286
0.94285714
0.92857143
0.91428571
0.90000000
0.88571429
0.87142857
0.85714286
0.84285714
0.82857143
0.81428571
0.80000000
0.78571429
0.77142857
0.75714286
0.74285714
0.72857143
0.71428571
0.70000000
0.68571429
0.67142857
0.65714286
0.64285714
0.62857143
0.61428571
0.60000000
0.58571429
0.57142857
0.55714286
0.54285714
0.52857143
0.51428571
0.50000000
0.48571429
0.47142857
0.45714286
0.44285714
0.42857143
0.41428571
0.40000000
0.38571429
0.37142857
0.35714286
0.34285714
0.32857143
-a*m
(1-/m)
1.00
1.07
1.16
1.24
1.34
1.45
1.56
1.69
1.83
1.99
2.16
2.35
2.56
2.79
3.05
3.34
3.66
4.02
4.42
4.87
5.37
5.95
6.59
7.32
8.15
9.10
10.18
11.42
12.85
14.49
16.39
18.61
21.19
24.21
27.76
31.96
36.94
42.88
50.01
58.61
69.05
81.80
97.48
116.91
141.18
171.75
210.62
260.55
y sim
0.000
0.021
0.033
0.044
0.056
0.068
0.081
0.095
0.111
0.129
0.148
0.170
0.194
0.221
0.252
0.286
0.325
0.369
0.419
0.476
0.540
0.614
0.698
0.795
0.906
1.034
1.182
1.354
1.554
1.787
2.060
2.380
2.758
3.205
3.737
4.371
5.132
6.049
7.159
8.511
10.168
12.211
14.747
17.919
21.915
26.995
33.510
41.950
Efecto de la concentracin
= 1
f m
Datos experimentales
Modelo a gama=200 1/s
Viscosidad , mPa-s
250.0
=(1-/m)-a*
200.0
a=7.14
m=0.7
150.0
100.0
50.0
0.0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
am
40
Correlacin
Yield Stress y, Pa
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
TRANSPORTE DE SUSPENSIONES
HOMOGNEAS
Esfuerzo de cizalle
1 p
0 = T ( R) =
R
2 L
E
rz
1 p
T (r ) =
r
2 L
E
rz
Modelo de Bingham
vz
T (r=
) y + K
r
E
rz
0.03
Yield stress 15 Pa
Yield stress 20 Pa
Yield stress 50 Pa
0.02
Radius r , m
0.01
0.00
0.0
0.5
1.0
-0.01
-0.02
-0.03
1.5
r 1
1 pR
r
y
1 1 ; for > y
vz ( r ) =
2 KL w R 2 R
2
y
1 pR y y 1
vz ( r ) =
1 1 ; for y
2 KL w w 2 w
pR
4y 1y
1 +
vz =
8 KL 3 w 3 w
8vz 1 pD
4y 1y
1 +
=
w =
D 4 KL 3 w 3 w
vz
T (r ) = m
r
E
rz
Modelo de Potencia
( n +1) n
nR pR
r
=
vz ( r )
1
n + 1 2mL R
1n
0.015
n=0.20
n=0.33
n=0.50
Pipe radius r , m
0.010
0.005
0.000
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
-0.005
n=1.00
-0.010
-0.015
4.0
1n
n +1
n
pR
2
Q =R
( 3n + 1) 2mL
1n
n pR n +1
vz =
( 3n + 1) 2mL
3n + 1) 8vz
( 3n + 1) 8vz
(
, w m
=
w =
4n
D
D
4n
2mL ( 3n + 1) Q
p = n +1
R n R2
16
4y 1y
1 +
f =
Re B 3 w 3 w
f smooth
f rough
( 4.53log ( Re
f 2.3 + 4.5log(1 y w )
f water ;rough
= f mooth
f
water ; smooth
D
f = 4.07 log
+ 3.36 ;
2
Re = 1 f Re PL