Music Book IES AzZait 2014
Music Book IES AzZait 2014
Music Book IES AzZait 2014
BOOK
10 ESO
MUSIC
Antonio Luis Peas Chamorro
IES Az-Zait (Jan)
Music Activity Book, de Antonio Luis Peas Chamorro, premiado por la Consejera de
Educacin en la Convocatoria Premios a materiales curriculares relacionados con el
fomento del plurilingismo del ao 2008 (Orden de 7 de marzo de 2008 y Resolucin de
27 de octubre de 2008. BOJA 28 de marzo de 2008 n61 y BOJA 21 de noviembre de 2008
n232, respectivamente).
Algunas de las imgenes usadas proceden de la web siguiente: CNICE Banco de imgenes
http://bancoimagenes.cnice.mec.es/
Se aconseja complementar este material con muchos de los recursos elaborados y/o
clasificados por Mara Jess Camino Rentera en su web Clase de Msica 2.0
http://www.mariajesusmusica.com/.
Muchas gracias, tanto a Almudena Viitez Roldn como a Mara Jess Camino Rentera,
por su fabuloso trabajo.
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Unit 1: SOUND
BASIC VOCABULARY:
English
French
English
French
Son
Altura:
Ruido
Noise
Bruit
Intensidad:
Intensity
Intensit
Vibracin
Vibration
Vibration
Duracin:
Duration
Dure
Onda
Wave
Onde
Timbre:
Timbre
Timbre
Odo:
Ear/Hearing
Oreille
Agudo:
High
Aig
Tmpano
Eardrum
Tympan
Grave:
Low
Lent
Cerebro
Brain
Cerveau
Fuerte:
Loud
Fort
Externo
Outer
Externe
Dbil:
Soft
Faible
Medio
Middle
Demi
Largo:
Long
Long
Interno
Inner
Interne
Corto:
Short
Court
Ordenado
Tidy
Ordonn
Rpido
Fast
Rapide
Frecuencia
Frequency
Frquence
Umbral
Threshold
Seuil
Infrasonido
Infrasound
Infrason
Noise pollution
Ultrasonido
Ultrasound
Ultrason
Contaminacin
acstica
Daino
Painful
Pollution
sonore
Nocif
Decibelio
Decibel
Dcibel
Daar
To damage/harm
Nuire
Sonido:
Sound
Pitch
Hauteur
1. VOCABULARY EXERCISES:
1. Link the words in Spanish with their translation in English:
Altura
Eardrum
Sonido
Loud
Intensidad
Duration
Agudo
Short
Hearing
Grave
High
Duracin
Timbre
Odo
Brain
Fuerte
Sound
Timbre
Dbil
Long
Tmpano
Pitch
Largo
Soft
Cerebro
Intensity
Corto
Low
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PITCH
INTENSITY
High
Low
Loud
Soft
DURATION
TIMBRE
Long
Short
Different voices
Different instruments
2. Listen to the sounds. Identify the pitch, intensity, duration and timbre in the table below:
PITCH
INTENSITY
DURATION
TIMBRE
Sound 1
Sound 2
Sound 3
Sound 4
Sound 5
Sound 6
Sound 7
Sound 8
Sound 9
Sound 10
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Short
Low
Timbre
Instruments
Intensity
Loud
Loud
Eardrum
Low
Long
Soft
Sound
High
Soft
Brain
Loud
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3. PITCH
La altura del sonido depende de la frecuencia (nmero de oscilaciones por segundo),
que es una caracterstica de las ondas que se mide en Hercios.
Como sabes, la altura distingue sonidos agudos y graves. Un sonido agudo tiene mucha
frecuencia (muchos hercios) y un sonido grave, poca frecuencia (pocos hercios). Pero ojo! Si
el sonido tiene ms de 20.000 Hz o menos de 20 Hz no lo podremos or, porque sern
ultrasonidos (ms de 20.000 Hz) o infrasonidos (menos de 20 Hz).
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4. INTENSITY
La intensidad del sonido depende de la amplitud de las ondas. Se mide en decibelios.
Recuerda que la intensidad distingue sonidos fuertes y dbiles. Un sonido fuerte
tendr mucha amplitud (muchos decibelios) y uno dbil, poca amplitud (pocos decibelios).
La intensidad mnima que percibimos es el umbral del sonido (0 dB). Los sonidos por
encima de 120 dB (umbral del dolor) y la exposicin prolongada a sonidos fuertes ( 70 dB)
afectan a nuestro odo, causando efectos nocivos fisiolgicos (disminucin de la audicin o,
incluso, sordera) y psicolgicos (fatiga, estrs, insomnio).
El exceso de ruido a nuestro alrededor se llama contaminacin acstica.
Sound origin
Intensity (dB)
Threshold of hearing
Breathing
Whisper/ Rustling leaves
Quiet rural area
Library/bird calls
Conversation at home
Conversation in restaurant
Vacuum cleaner/Freeway
Factory
Motorcycle
Jackhammer
Live rock music
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
Thunderclap
Jet airplane
Rocket
120
150
180
Threshold of pain
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8. Are the following sentences about the text true or false? Correct the false ones:
a) Intensity distinguishes low and soft sounds.
b) The minimum sound intensity we can hear is the threshold of pain.
c) The threshold of pain begins with less than 100 dB.
d) The excessive amount of noise around us is called the sound pollution.
Review!
9. Answer the following questions:
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10. Complete the following sentences using the comparatives and superlatives on the right:
Higher
Lower
Highest
Lowest
The sound of my clock is ______________ than the sound of the bell ring.
Louder
Softer
Loudest
Softest
Pollution
Hertzs
Ultrasounds
Soft
Decibels
High
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of
an
object.
This
waves
and
it
transmits
this
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Brain
340
Noise
Air
Faster
Hearing
Solids
Tidy
Eardrum
Vibration
Membrane
Waves
Sound waves are produced by the _______________ of an object and travel through
___________ until our ears.
In our ____________, a small _____________ called _____________ receives the
sound waves and it transmits this information to our ____________.
Sound travels at ________ meters per second through air, but it goes ___________
through liquids and ___________ .
Sound is different to ___________ . Sound _____________ are regular and ________
and noise waves are irregular and untidy.
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6. REVIEW
1. What are the qualities of sound?
2. What is the quality of sound that distinguishes high and low sound?
3. What is the quality of sound that distinguishes loud and soft sound?
4. What is the quality of sound that distinguishes long and short sound?
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11. What do you call the minimum intensity of sound we can hear?
12. What do you call the point where louder intensities can harm our hearing?
13. What do you call the excessive amount of noise around us?
16. What is the name of the membrane that receives the sound waves in our ear?
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18. Describe the pitch, intensity and duration of the following sounds:
Pitch:
Intensity:
Duration:
Pitch:
Intensity:
Duration:
Pitch:
Intensity:
Duration:
Pitch:
Intensity:
Duration:
Pitch:
Intensity:
Duration:
Pitch:
Intensity:
Duration:
Low
Qualities
Pitch
High
Silence
Loud
Intensity
Ultrasounds
Short
Pollution
Instruments
Hertzs
Decibels
Soft
Sound
Timbre
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7. NOTES READING.
Read the notes in the following staffs. You only have the first five notes:
Now read the following staffs. We will add some new notes.
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8. MAKING MUSIC.
LULLABY
LULLABY
Hush-a bye, dont you cry
Go to sleep, little baby.
When you wake you shall have
All the pretty little horses.
Black and bays, dapples and grays,
Coach and six-little horses.
Hush-a-bye, dont you cry,
Go to sleep-y, little baby.
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French
English
Nota o figura:
Note
Note
Comps:
Time
signature/Bar
Silencio:
Rest
Silence
Puntillo:
Dot
Point
Redonda:
Whole note
Ronde
Ligadura:
Tie
Liaison
Blanca:
Half note
Blanche
Negra:
Quarter note
Noire
Dinmica o
matiz:
Dynamic
Intensit
Corchea:
Eighth note
Croche
Durar
To last
Durer
Semicorchea:
Sixteenth note
Double croche
Rpido:
Fast
Rapide
Pulso:
Beat
Temp
Medio:
Medium
Moyen
Tiempo
Beat/count
Temp
Lento:
Slow
Lent
Ritmo
Rhythm
Rythme
Fuerte:
Loud
Fort
Cabeza:
Head
Tte
Suave:
Soft
Doux
Plica:
Stem
Queue
Lnea de
comps
Bar-line
Barre de
mesure
Corchete:
Flag
Crochet
Valer
To be worth
Valoir
15
French
Mesure
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1. VOCABULARY EXERCISES:
1. Link the words in Spanish with their translation in English:
Redonda
Eighth note
Nota/Figura
Blanca
Head
Negra
Half note
Silencio
Note
Stem
Comps
Dot
Corchea
Semicorchea
Pulso
Cabeza
Plica
Corchete
Valer
Time signature
Beat
Durar
Whole note
Puntillo
Sixteenth note
Ligadura
Flag
Ritmo
Quarter note
Dinmica
Lento
Fast
Medio
Loud
Rpido
Soft
Fuerte
Medium
Suave
Dynamic
Rhythm
Rest
Tie
To last
To be worth
Slow
2. NOTE VALUES:
Music is a temporal art it is not static, it happens in time. The sounds of a melody
follow rhythm, related to the beat of the song. Different symbols are used to represent the
rhythm.
The duration of a sound is measured in counts or beats. Different note values are
used to show how long each musical sound lasts. Each note value is worth a specific number of
counts (four, two, one).
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Aqu tienes las figuras musicales, su nombre en ingls y la duracin de cada una. No
olvides que en castellano utilizas: Redonda, blanca, negra, corchea y semicorchea.
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4. Write the notes that are worth the same as the following ones:
a) Two half notes are worth the same as
b) Four quarter notes are worth the same as
c) Eight quarter notes are worth the same as
d) Four half notes are worth the same as
e) Two eighth notes and a quarter note are worth the same as...
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3. RESTS:
These are the rests symbols, from the biggest value to the smallest value.
5. Complete the chart below with the symbol, the values and the missing names:
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6. Change the notes into the equivalent rests in the second staff:
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4. TIME SIGNATURES:
When you listen to music, you can hear a regular beat. Beats are organized in groups of
the same number, called bars. The first beat of a bar is always louder than the others. If the
loud beat comes every 3 beats, the music has three beats in every bar.
In written music, bars are separated by bar-lines. At the end of the composition, a
double bar-line is used to show the end.
There is always a time signature at the beginning of the piece. It goes to the right of
the clef. Its written using two numbers.
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@
#
$
COMPS
TIME SIGNATURE
2 por 4
3 por 4
4 por 4
Por lo tanto, una cancin que est en 2 por 4, en ingls se dira in two four time, o
simplemente in two four.
A continuacin tienes ejemplos de las figuras que caben en algunos compases:
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10. Complete the bars with note values and/or rests. Be careful! Some bars do not need any
more notes/rests.
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Ligadura: Es una lnea curva que une notas de igual sonido, sumndose las duraciones.
11. How many beats are worth the following tied notes? Write it below.
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13. Write the number of beats each note value or rest is worth:
W=
j=
D=
d=
J=
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16. Write the complete duration of the groups of notes and rests:
a)
b)
R q=
Q H E=
c)
d)
d q W =
JH h =
e)
f)
EQD=
W Q n =
TEMPO
Largo
Fast
DYNAMIC
Adagio
Getting faster
pp
Andante
Getting slower
Allegro
Presto Vivace
Very loud
Free tempo
mp
Soft
Medium slow
mf
Loud
Accelerando
Very fast
Ritardando
Very slow
ff
Rubato
Medium loud
Medium soft
Very soft
Slow
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Adagio
Vivace
Tempo
Very fast
Very slow
Andante
Presto
Accelerando
Ritardando
Rubato
pp
Soft
mp
Very loud
Dynamic
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7. MAKING MUSIC:
SILENT NIGHT
SILENT NIGHT
Silent night, holy night
All is calm, all is bright
Round yon Virgin Mother and Child
Holy Infant so tender and mild
Sleep in heavenly peace
Sleep in heavenly peace
Silent night, holy night!
Shepherds quake at the sight
Glories stream from heaven afar
Heavenly hosts sing Alleluia!
Christ, the Saviour is born
Christ, the Saviour is born
Silent night, holy night
Son of God, love's pure light
Radiant beams from Thy holy face
With the dawn of redeeming grace
Jesus, Lord, at Thy birth
Jesus, Lord, at Thy birth
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WOODWIND
BOWED STRING
BEVELED EDGE
Violn
Violin
Violon
Flautn
Piccolo
Piccolo
Viola
Viola
Viole
Flauta dulce
Recorder
Flte bec
Violonchelo
Cello
Violoncelle
Flauta
travesera
Transverse flute
Flte traversire
Contrabajo
Contrabass
Contrebasse
SIMPLE EDGE
PLUCKED STRING
Clarinete
Clarinet
Clarinette
Arpa
Harp
Harpe
Clarinete bajo
Bass clarinet
Clarinette basse
Guitarra
Guitar
Guitare
Saxofn
Saxophone
Saxophone
Clave
Harpsichord
Clavecin
DOUBLE EDGE
Oboe
Oboe
Hautbois
Corno ingls
English horn
Cor anglais
Fagot
Bassoon
Fagot
Contrafagot
Contrabassoon
Conrebasse
STRUCK STRING
Piano
Piano
Piano
PERCUSSION
PITCHED
BRASS
Xilfono
Xylophone
Xylophone
Marimba
Marimba
Marimba
Trompeta
Trumpet
Trompette
Metalfono
Metallophone
Metalophone
Trompa
French Horn
Cor
Vibrfono
Vibraphone
Vibraphone
Trombn
Trombone
Trombone
Campanas
tubulares
Tubular bells
Cloches
tubulaire
Tuba
Tuba
Tuba
Timbal
Kettledrum
Timbale
VOICES
UNPITCHED
Caja
Snare drum
Caisson
FEMALE
Bombo
Bass drum
Grosse caisse
Soprano
Soprano
Soprano
Platillo
Cymbal
Cymbales
Mezzosoprano
Mezzo-soprano
Mezzo Soprano
Tringulo
Triangle
Triangle
Contralto
Contralto
Contralto
Tenor
Tenor
Tnor
Bartono
Baritone
Baryton
Bajo
Bass
Basse
MALE
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1. VOCABULARY EXERCISES:
1. Link the words in Spanish with their translations in English:
Voz
Soprano
Cuerdas
Contrabass
Soprano
Tenor
Violn
Harp
Mezzosoprano
Voice
Viola
Cello
Bass
Violonchelo
Piano
Baritone
Contrabajo
Strings
Contralto
Tenor
Bartono
Bajo
Viento madera
Flauta travesera
Clarinete
Oboe
Saxofn
Fagot
Mezzosoprano
Contralto
Saxophone
Arpa
Guitar
Guitarra
Violin
Clave
Viola
Piano
Harpsichord
Clarinet
Woodwind
Viento metal
Transverse flute
Bassoon
Trompeta
Trompa
Oboe
Trombn
Tuba
Percusin
Xylophone
Timbal
Percussion
Platillo
Bass drum
Caja
Trumpet
Tuba
Brass
French horn
Trombone
Tubular bells
Bombo
Cymbal
Xilfono
Snare drum
Tringulo
Kettledrum
Campanas tubulares
Triangle
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d)
g)
j)
b)
e)
h)
k)
c)
f)
i)
l)
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6. Here is some information about the violin, but there are some words missing. Fill in the
gaps with the words on the right:
7. Answer the following questions about plucked and struck string instruments:
a) How many pedals does a harp have?
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9. Now, identify the woodwind instruments you are listening to. It is easy, they are only
transverse flute, clarinet, oboe, saxophone and bassoon:
a)
d)
g)
j)
b)
e)
h)
k)
c)
f)
i)
l)
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10. Identify the instruments. You will listen to string and woodwind families.
a)
d)
g)
j)
b)
e)
h)
k)
c)
f)
i)
l)
11. Now you will only listen to saxophones. Identify the variety of saxophone (soprano, alto,
tenor and baritone).
a)
d)
g)
b)
e)
h)
c)
f)
i)
12. And finally, you will listen to all the woodwind instruments in turns, including every variety
(piccolo, recorder, bass clarinet, English horn and contrabassoon).
a)
d)
g)
j)
b)
e)
h)
k)
c)
f)
i)
l)
m)
p)
s)
w)
n)
q)
t)
x)
o)
r)
u)
y)
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15. Identify the brass instruments. You will only listen to the essential ones: trumpet, French
horn, trombone and tuba.
a)
d)
g)
j)
b)
e)
h)
k)
c)
f)
i)
l)
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16. Now you will listen to brass and woodwind instruments. Try it!
a)
d)
g)
j)
b)
e)
h)
k)
c)
f)
i)
l)
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d)
g)
j)
b)
e)
h)
k)
c)
f)
i)
l)
20. Classify the following instruments using both languages (Spanish and English).
Spanish
English
Guitar
Tuba
Xylophone
Oboe
Viola
French horn
Bass drum
Piano
Cymbals
Transverse flute
1.
5.
9.
13.
2.
6.
10.
14.
3.
7.
11.
15.
4.
8.
12.
16.
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21. Now, fill in this blank plan of an orchestra. Write the name of the instruments in the
appropriate place, following the directions given in the text above. To help you, each family of
instruments is coloured:
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23. Classify the following instruments using the traditional and the modern classification.
Traditional
Modern
Trumpet
Harpsichord
Contrabassoon
Triangle
Clarinet
Piccolo
Trombone
Gong
English horn
Electric guitar
Cello
24. Young persons guide to the orchestra (Benjamin Britten)
Identify the families in the first 6 fragments (Bowed, woodwind, brass, percussion or tutti).
Write the soloist instrument in the rest.
Families
Soloist instruments
1.
7.
12.
17.
2.
8.
13.
18. (2 instruments)
3.
9.
14.
4.
10.
15.
5.
11.
16.
6.
25. Write the instrument you will listen to. They belong to all the families.
a)
f)
k)
p)
b)
g)
l)
q)
c)
h)
m)
r)
d)
i)
n)
s)
e)
j)
o)
t)
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8. INSTRUMENTAL ENSEMBLES
BIG ENSEMBLES:
a) Symphony orchestra: Large instrumental ensemble that contains sections of strings,
woodwind, brass and percussion. It may have around 80 musicians.
b) Chamber orchestra: Small orchestra with 20-25 musicians.
c) String orchestra: Only bowed instruments ensemble with 20-25 musicians.
d) Band: Music ensemble that contains sections of woodwind, brass and percussion.
e) Big band: Jazz instruments ensemble with 15-20 musicians. It contains a rhythm
section (contrabass, piano, drum set and guitar), a woodwind section (saxophones,
clarinets and flutes) and a brass section (trumpets and trombones).
1.
4.
2.
5.
3.
6.
7.
8.
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9. VOICES
These are the different female and
male human voices, from the highest to the
lowest.
Remember that we can compare them
using the comparatives:
_er than: Ms _ que (example: higher than).
_est: El/La ms _ (example: the highest).
1.
4.
7.
2.
5.
8.
3.
6.
9.
30. Listen to the following musical samples and write the main instrument or the main voice.
1.
6.
11.
16.
2.
7.
12.
17.
3.
8.
13.
18.
4.
9.
14.
5.
10.
15.
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The
highest
female
voice
is
______________
Soprano
Mezzo-soprano
Contralto
Tenor
Baritone
Bass
32. Complete the following table while listening to the voice examples. Be careful! May be
your will listen to a countertenor (contratenor in Spanish) voice (higher than tenor male
voice).
FEMALE/MALE
SONG
SONG
SONG
SONG
SONG
SONG
SONG
HIGH/INTERMEDIATE/LOW
VOICE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
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Unit 4: MELODY
BASIC VOCABULARY:
English
French
Pentagrama:
Staff/Stave
Porte
Clave:
Clef
Clave de
Sol
Tremble
clef/G clef
Bass clef/F
cleff
Clave de Fa
English
French
Primero/a
First
Premier
Clef
Segundo/a
Second
Second
Cl de sol
Tercero/a
Third
Troisime
Cl de fa
Cuarto/a
Fouth
Quatrime
Clave de Do
C clef
Cl de do
Quinto/a
Fifth
Cinquime
Lneas
adicionales:
Ledger lines
Lignes
additionnelles
Sexto/a
Sixth
Sixime
Latino/a
Latin
Latin
Sptimo/a
Seventh
Septime
Notacin
Notation
Notation
Octava
Octave
Octave
Sistema
System
Systme
Teclado
Keyboard
Clavier
Distancia
Distance
Distance
Tecla
Key
Touche
Tono:
Tone/Step
Ton
Escala
Scale
Gamme
Semitono:
Semitone/Half
step
Demi ton
Mayor
Major
Majeur
Intervalo:
Interval
Intervalle
Menor
Minor
Mineur
Meldico
Melodic
Mlodique
Subir
To raise
lever
Armnico
Harmonic
Harmonique
Bajar
To lower
Descendre
Alteracin
Accidental
Accidentel
Grado tonal
Tonal
degree
Degr tonal
Smbolo
Symbol
Symbole
Tnica
Tonic
Tonique
Modificar
To modify
Modifier
Dominante
Dominant
Dominant
Sostenido:
Sharp
Soutenu
Subdominante
Subdominant
Sousdominante
Bemol:
Flat
Bemol
Acorde
Chord
Accord
Enarmnico
Enharmonic
Inharmonieux
Clasificar
To classify
Classer
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1. VOCABULARY EXERCISES:
1. Link the words and notes in Spanish with their translation in English:
Pentagrama
Clave
Staff/stave
Escala
Clef
Tono
Sharp
Tone/Step
Lneas adicionales
Notation
Semitono
Flat
Intervalo
Interval
Sostenido
Semitone/Half step
Notacin
Ledger lines
Bemol
Scale
Do
Tecla
Chord
Re
Mayor
Minor
Mi
Menor
Key
Fa
Acorde
Keyboard
Sol
Octava
Major
La
Alteracin
Si
Teclado
Octave
Accidental
Note
Flat
G Clef
Sharp
Staff
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Ledger lines
F Clef
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2. NOTES READING
En este tema vamos a usar la notacin musical latina (Do, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La y Si), y la
notacin musical inglesa (A, B, C, D, E, F and G). A continuacin tienes la equivalencia:
DO
RE
MI
FA
SOL
LA
SI
Si te fijas bien, vers que hay un truco para memorizar las notas en el pentagrama
usando la notacin inglesa: Puedes formar una palabra (las notas en los espacios) o una frase
(las notas en las lneas).
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8. Write the G-Clef and the names of the notes. Use Latin notation.
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3. NOTES DISTANCES
A continuacin tienes la escala musical. Como ves, cuando hay escalones grandes, hay un
tono de distancia entre las notas (tone or step). En cambio, cuando hay escalones pequeos
(entre Mi Fa y Si Do), slo hay un semitono de distancia (semitone or half step).
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12. Write the distance (steps and half steps) in the following intervals:
________
________
________
________
4. INTERVALS
Para clasificar un intervalo, lo primero es contar las notas de la manera siguiente:
______
______
______
______
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______
______
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5. ACCIDENTALS
ALTERACIONES:
-
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The location of the notes on a keyboard with the Latin notation is as follows:
Reb
Do#
DO
RE
Mib
Re#
MI
Solb
Fa#
FA
Lab
Sol#
SOL
Sib
La#
LA
Reb
Do#
SI
DO
RE
Mib
Re#
MI
Solb
Fa#
FA
SOL
15. Write the two names of every black key on the following keyboard:
a) Sol # =
b) Mi b =
c) Si # =
d) Re b =
e) Fa =
f) Do # =
g) Re # =
h) La b =
i) Si =
j) Mi b =
k) Si # =
l) Re b =
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b) Sol b =
c) Fa b =
d) Si b =
e) Mi # =
f) Do =
g) Mi =
h) Do b =
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6. SCALES
24. Here is a scale. Write the distances between the notes (tone or semitone). The first one
has been made for you.
Las escalas ms importantes son las mayores y las menores. Las mayores suenan alegres, y
las menores, tristes. En una escala, las notas se llaman grados (I, II, III, IV).
En una escala mayor, hay una distancia de un semitono entre los grados III-IV y VIIVIII, y una distancia de un tono entre los dems.
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Major scale of C:
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En una escala menor, hay una distancia de un semitono entre los grados II-III y V-VI
y una distancia de un tono entre los dems.
ESCALA DE LA MENOR:
DOMINANT
SUBDOMINANT
C Major:
F Major:
D Major:
G Major:
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Los acordes son varias notas que se emiten al mismo tiempo, y que sirven para
acompaar la msica. Se construyen superponiendo intervalos de 3 sobre una nota base,
llamada fundamental, que es la que da nombre al acorde.
Una cancin se acompaa usando, principalmente, los acordes sobre los grados
tonales de su escala (tnica, dominante y subdominante).
30. Write the major scale of D and write its main chords.
31. Write the major scale of G and write its main chords.
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7. MAKING MUSIC:
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